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How to not induce SNAs: The insufficiency of directional force.
Get PDFPeople respond faster to smaller numbers in their left space and to larger numbers in their right space. Here we argue that movements in space contribute to the formation of spatial-numerical associations (SNAs). We studied the impact of continuous isometric forces along the horizontal or vertical cardinal axes on SNAs while participants performed random number production and arithmetic verification tasks. Our results suggest that such isometric directional force do not suffice to induce SNAs. [Abstract copyright: Copyright: © 2023 Michirev et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
The likely adverse effects of “Profound Autism” and “PDA Profile of ASD” discourses.
Get PDFThe categories within the American Psychiatric Manuals are attributed to persons as reflecting ways of being human and are primarily discussed in deficit-laden language reflecting how the categories are constructed. Despite their many flaws, they are reified by attributing types of distress and/ or perceived impairment. Those attributed to such categories are often adversely affected by such categories’ discourse and ideology. Initially proposed during the 1940s, autism was included in the American Psychiatric Manuals in 1980 as a narrow and rare category. Subsequently, like other psychiatric categories, autism has become a common heterogeneous “spectrum”. Often described as having “low functioning” at one end, and “high functioning” at the other. This, with other deficit-based concepts created stereotypes, adversely affects many autistics. This contributes to autistics being systemically failed by wider society, partly explaining the atrociously autistic suicide rates.
Autism subtypes were partly removed to reduce stigma for autistics, and because evidence and clinical practice indicate negligible differences between subtypes. However, lately there are two proposed subtypes of “Profound Autism”, and “PDA Profile of ASD”. Both categories can describe impairments which can be problematic for those with lived experience and their caregivers, and persons attributed with these categories require suitable support. Both categories are described as “severe” forms of autism, in line with the flawed “low functioning to high functioning spectrum”. Subsequently, the serious problems associated with the linear “spectrum” of, filicide of autistic, autistic suicide, and deaths from diagnostic overshadowing of physical ill-health symptoms attributed to autism; risk being predictably applicable to both proposed subtypes. These issues are discussed through a Critical Autism Studies lens. Both proposed subtypes are functioning categories and ableist concepts, perpetuating the systemic poor treatment of autistics
Surfactant-assisted synthesis of zero-dimensional iron nanomaterial for cellobiose hydrolysis
Get PDFA cost-effective, magnetically separable iron nanomaterial (15 wt% Fe) was synthesized using cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as a template and used for the hydrolysis of cellobiose at 120 °C. The m-FeCTB catalyst is ferromagnetic, mesoporous, and crystalline with a dominant γ-Fe2O3 phase; it has a high surface area (30 m2 g−1) and small particle size (60 nm). The cellobiose hydrolysis achieved a glucose yield of 60% and hydromethyl furfural (HMF) yield of 40% at 6 h. This catalytic activity with a turnover frequency of 0.037 s−1 and selectivity for glucose and HMF was attributed to high surface area, calcination temperature (400 °C), crystallinity, metallic site, surface acidity (26 μmol g−1) due to the presence of Fe2+, and small particle size. The m-FeCTB catalyst showed moderate recyclability over two cycles
The effects of earnings management on information asymmetry and stock price synchronicity
Get PDFIn this study, we test whether earnings management has a positive impact on information asymmetry as well as whether earnings management has a negative impact on stock return synchronicity to investigate how discretionary accrual earnings management affects the imbalance of information and the co-movement of stock prices in Vietnam. We utilise the Pooled OLS (OLS), Random Effects (RE), Fixed Effects (FE), and System GMM models to evaluate our dataset collected from 356 non-financial companies listed on the Hochiminh City Stock Exchange (HOSE) spanning from 2012 to 2021. We find that in Vietnamese market earnings manipulations through accrual based falsify the market and cause information asymmetry leading to adverse effects on market liquidity and stock price synchronicity. Additionally, our findings exhibit greater co-movements between stock prices and earnings management at the larger firms with long incorporation history and are audited by Big Four Audit firms due to their credibility. These findings are particularly useful for foreign investors in making investment decisions as we found that their influences on earnings management in Vietnamese market is limited
Heat Recovery Opportunities from Wastewater Treatment Plants
Get PDFWastewater offers the potential of a widespread resource for low-temperature waste heat, with wastewater in sewers normally at temperatures greater than ambient due to the use of hot water in buildings. Heat can be recovered from wastewater from different locations, such as the wastewater pipework within a building, the sewage network or at wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). The latter represents an interesting alternative as wastewater flow rates are generally much higher in the effluent of treatment plants than in sewers. Additionally, the temperatures may be above ambient, as the biological sewage treatment process results in some heat generation. This paper investigates the potential availability of waste heat from WWTPs across the UK, with a total thermal energy output of 26.2 TWh [89.5 MMDth (US)] per annum being estimated. A possible configuration for recovering waste heat from the WWTP effluent is also presented and used to assess the benefits that could be obtained against conventional heating technologies based on a case study in London. Although the case study is based in the UK, the methodology hereby described can also be applied to evaluate the potential for heat recovery from wastewater treatment plants in other countries
Exploring The Role Of Cyber Security Measures (Encryption, Firewalls, And Authentication Protocols) In Preventing Cyber-Attacks On E-Commerce Platforms
Get PDFThe present study seeks to examine the significance of cybersecurity measures, specifically encryption strength (ES), firewall configuration (FC), and authentication protocols (AP), in protecting e-commerce platforms against cyber-attacks. The data collection process involved the administration of a survey to IT professionals responsible for overseeing e-commerce operations in a range of organisations located in Saudi Arabia. A convenience sampling method was employed to distribute a total of 300 questionnaires, out of which 190 completed responses were selected for analysis. The measurement model, which encompassed variables such as ES, FC, AP, security training (ST), cyber-attack incidents (CAI), customer trust (CT), and incident response time (IRT), was estimated using the structural equation model in Amos. The results of this study provide insights into the relationship between cybersecurity measures and their influence on the frequency of cyberattacks. The study highlights the significance of encryption, firewall configuration, and authentication protocols in strengthening e- commerce platforms. Additionally, this study examines the impact of security training on the improvement of overall cybersecurity posture and its subsequent effect on customer trust. The examination also takes into account the duration of incident response as a critical element in minimising the consequences of cyber incidents. The findings obtained from this study contribute to a more comprehensive comprehension of the cybersecurity environment within the realm of electronic commerce
Tourists’ Personal Development Through Participatory Consumer-Generated Content
Get PDFThe paper seeks to investigate key factors influencing the personal development of tourists. This study examines the relationship between participatory consumer-generated content and tourists’ capabilities, emotions, and skills, as well as the moderating effect of previous tourists’ experiences. To evaluate the research model, 301 valid responses were examined using the PLS-SEM technique. The empirical findings showed that participatory consumer-generated content positively relates to tourists’ capabilities, emotions, and skills. Moreover, previous tourists’ experiences moderate the relationships of participatory consumer-generated content with tourists’ capabilities and skills; however, previous tourists’ experiences have no moderation effect on tourists’
emotions. Thus, our paper's findings offer valuable contributions to theory and practice. Practitioners and
authorities should stimulate users to share their tourism experiences and take the initiative to share easily traceable and searchable data. Moreover, businesses should implement activities that encourage tourists to share their experiences as soon as possible and make travel and tourism websites and social media platforms readily available
Carbon accounting in the context of multi-criteria assessment for SLES: challenges and opportunities
Get PDFIn the UK, national carbon emission reduction targets aim to reach Net Zero by 2050, with a fully decarbonised electricity system by 2035. Smart Local Energy Systems (SLES) are being deployed to combine and intelligently control complementary low and zero carbon technologies within micro-gridsto amplify their impacts and accelerate this ambitious transition towards a decarbonized energy system and low-carbon society.
Today, national and local governments monitor the potential carbon reduction of energy system retrofitting and
policy implementation through simplified carbon accounting methods, which allow for calculation of the accumulated carbon emissions. This focus on carbon may, however, neglect broader socioeconomic impacts and benefits of these actions.
This paper describes the how the application of a multi-criteria assessment tool focusing on SLES can be used to
evaluate (i) the carbon emissions from an energy system and (ii) the carbon reduction potential of renewable and smart energy technology implementation. Alongside the carbon accounting this MCA-SLES tool provides assessment and insights into the local socioeconomic and environmental benefits and impacts of the SLES development. The application of such a complex assessment tool has challenges in application, such as data collection, the intensity of the stakeholder approach, and the large volume of information for user dissemination. This paper illustrates how the developed assessment tool mitigates for these challenges and highlights the opportunity for small-scale energy development projects to employ it to assess project feasibility and progress
towards economic, social, and environmental co-benefits