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Seething Lane
Get PDFIn 'Seething Lane', Simon Terrill is presenting for the first time, new photographic works alongside recent drawings and a seven-colour screen print. Individually and collectively, these artworks reflect on fleeting moments in time – captured scenes which might well have been overlooked in the moment and that become significant actions in their detail.
The works reference Pieter Bruegel’s 'Landscape with the Fall of Icarus' (c. 1560) as well as 'The Fall of the Rebel Angels' (1562), Jeffrey Smart’s 'Cahill Expressway' (1962), imagery drawn down from Google Earth and a street in central London named Seething Lane. 'Seething Lane' presents new developments in Terrill’s longstanding themes of relations between architectural spaces and their received narratives, public and private identities, and the idea of the crowd as a tool to examine architecture, identity, community and performance of self.
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EXHIBITION TEXT
'According to Bruegel
when Icarus fell
it was spring' 1
There are two poems that refer to Bruegel’s painting, 'Landscape with the Fall of Icarus' (c.1560) which speak to the invisibility and insignificance of the event pictured in the artwork. In one poem by William Carlos Williams also titled after the painting, he remarks on “a splash quite unnoticed”, while in Musee des Beaux Arts, W.H. Auden observes how “everything turns away, quite leisurely from the disaster” 2.
Seething Lane is the name of a relatively non-descript street in central London, with a bar, a church, a hotel, and some empty looking offices that I cycle past on route to my studio at Somerset House. In the summer of 2018, I was sitting in the studio’s courtyard with a historian friend, when he made the claim that Somerset House is the place where, in 1768, James Cook received the envelope with instructions to sail to the South Pacific. The stated purpose of this journey was to map the transit of Venus: to establish the distance of the sun from the earth and by extension, the size of the solar system. However, as we now know, due to a funding arrangement between the royal society and the royal navy, this envelope enclosed another that was only to be opened when the transit of Venus mapping was complete. Contained within this supplementary envelope were the instructions for Cook to continue from Tahiti in pursuit of a long held European hunch – that to balance out the north a great southern landmass existed.
As it happened, my historian friend was close but not quite right. The exchange didn’t happen at Somerset House, as the Naval offices only moved there in 1786. Rather, the moment happened nearby in Seething Lane. And it was on that non-descript street, in a place with a name that digs inside the consequences of an act, in which an envelope was passed from one person to another.
1 Landscape with the Fall of Icarus, William Carlos Williams
2 Musee des Beaux Arts. W. H. Aude
Novel Parameter-Free and Parametric Same Degree Distribution-based Dimensionality Reduction Algorithms for Trustworthy Data Structure Preserving
Get PDFAs an effective dimensionality reduction method, Same Degree Distribution (SDD) has been demonstrated to be able to maintain better data structure than other dimensionality reduction methods. Hence, tuning the degree of degree-distribution makes SDD a less costly method than other methods that require tuning the number of neighbours or perplexity. Although these advantages, SDD is still an expensive method compared with parameter-free methods such as PCA and MDS. A parameter-free SDD is proposed based on standard SDD, but it has two main differences: 1) it does not require tuning the degree of degree-distribution in the entire range from 1 to 15, but only uses degree 1; and 2) it re-scales the pairwise distances in the range [0, 2] instead of range [0, 1]. A theoretical analysis is presented to prove the better performance of parameter-free SDD. This paper also proposes a parametric version of SDD using a deep neural network approach to learn the mapping based on the samples of the original data and their corresponding embedded representations in a low dimensional space. Comparative experiments have been undertaken with SDD and other methods to demonstrate the effectiveness of the parametric SDD
Investigating the governing factors influencing the pozzolanic activity through a database approach for the development of sustainable cementitious materials
Get PDFPozzolans, known to possess high pozzolanic activity, enhances the long-term engineering properties of concrete due to the consumption of calcium hydroxide and the consequent formation of the calcium-silicate-hydrate gels within the cementitious matrix. Although the key factors that affect the pozzolanic activity such as the chemical composition, amorphousness, and fineness are commonly addressed in literature, there is a growing need to further gain an insight into the factors that govern this activity in a more comprehensive approach. The aim of this empirical study is to develop concrete models comprising optimal replacement of pozzolans based on the governing factors affecting the activity through the database approach. The database, consisting of 631 number of data points harvested from the literature, is established to determine the optimum replacement levels of the designated pozzolans in concrete. The governing factors therefore played a key role in establishing the boundary conditions that enabled the potential concrete models to be generated particularly for the sustainability assessment of concrete incorporating pozzolans. The study shows that the optimum replacement levels in con- crete mixtures are 15–50% for GGBS, 10–35% for fly ash, and 5–15% for silica fume. The study furthermore demonstrated that the utilisation of these substitutions leaded a considerable reduction in carbon emissions that ranged from 13% to 43% for GGBS, 9–31% for fly ash, and 4–13% for silica fume. The study significantly contributes to the generation of greener construction materials, and offers a cleaner disposal route for the pozzolans principally compared to the traditional waste management alternatives
Perspectives on the cross-cultural challenges and coping strategies of sport coaches
Get PDFAs competitive sports become increasingly global, sport coaches engage in multicultural organizations and interact with people from different cultures. These interactions may need sport coaches to have cross-cultural competencies to manage cultural differences. The purpose of this study was to investigate the cross-cultural challenges encountered by sport coaches in multicultural sport environments, and to explore the coping strategies they employ to navigate these challenges. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with twelve coach educators from various sports and nations. Reflexive thematic analysis revealed two themes regarding the cross-cultural challenges faced by sport coaches: (1) unpreparedness to interact with people of different cultures, and (2) adapting to different cultures as a sports coach. In addition, two themes emerged in relation to their coping strategies: (3) being immersed in different cultures; and (4) being open-minded. The results of the study indicate that sport coaches, regardless of whether they are in their home country or abroad, encounter personal and professional challenges related to culture in their interactions with others. It illustrates the need for cross-cultural topics to be addressed in coach development programs
Bottom-up generative up-cycling: a part based design study with genetic algorithms
Get PDFWhile describing up-cycling as a problem of fitting a set of existing/used materials into a new design, this paper utilises genetic algorithm (GA) and tree forks to exercise design in limited material inventories. It presents a bottom-up generative approach aiming to increase the applicability of up-cycling by reducing the material selectivity. The paper presents two scenarios: the first based on the tree forks being sourced from a single tree and the second utilising waste material, namely tree forks collected from a forest floor. It studies GAs incorporating material dimensions and fabrication constraints from an earlier stage of design to amplify the morphological involvement of these elements and to create a bottom-up generative system. The paper utilises waste material without a prior selection and without changing or deforming their unique geometries to minimise fabrication energy consumption. It presents a fabricated table leg structure made of ten forks
A Framework for Smart Building Technologies Implementation in the Ghanaian Construction Industry: A PLS-SEM Approach
Get PDFThis study sought to identify the dimensions and the significant critical factors capable of enhancing Smart Building Technologies' (SBTs') implementation for smart building projects in developing countries. A desk literature review is first conducted to identify and categorize the potential factors. It is further analyzed using partial least square structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) based on 227 valid data from experts in Ghana. The study revealed four underlying dimensions (i.e., ‘processes and control'[PC], ‘people and skills'[PS], ‘methods and techniques'[MT], and ‘knowledge sharing'[KS]) consisting 14 significant critical factors capable of enhancing SBTs implementation for smart building projects, with the top three comprising ‘appropriate procedures/practices for managing smart building projects (MT3)', ‘appropriate tools/techniques to guide smart building projects to their delivery (MT2)', and ‘skills and experience required to pick project team members for smart building projects (PS1)’. Further analysis with PLS-SEM revealed a significant positive effect of the four underlying dimensions and their positive interrelationships toward framework development. Besides the unique contribution of this study to the knowledge body, it also provides project managers and a construction design team with a structured knowledge of the skills, expertise, attitudes, decision-making, processes, control mechanisms, and effective delivery of smart building projects in developing countries
Impact of Formulation and Slurry Properties on Lithium-ion Electrode Manufacturing
Get PDFThe characteristics and performance of lithium-ion batteries typically rely on the precise combination of materials in their component electrodes. Understanding the impact of this formulation and the interdependencies between each component is critical in optimising cell performance. Such optimisation is difficult as the cost and effort for the myriad of possible combinations is too high. This problem is addressed by combining a design of experiments (DoE) and advanced statistical machine learning approach with comprehensive experimental characterisation of electrode slurries and coatings. An industry relevant graphite anode system is used, and with the aid of DoE, less than 30 experiments are defined to map impact of different weight fractions of active material (80–96 wt%), conductive additive (Carbon Black at 1–10 wt%) and a two-component binder system (Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) at 1–3 wt% and Styrene Butadiene Rubber (SBR), at 1–7 wt%). Using Explainable Machine Learning (XML) methods, correlations between the formulation, slurry weight percentage (30–50 wt% in water) and coating speed (1–15 m/min) are quantified. Slurry viscosity, while known to depend on the CMC concentration, is also heavily influenced by carbon black and SBR when at high concentration, as is common in research. Viscosity increasing components also improve adhesion, by improving dispersion and hindering binder migration. Conductivity of the coating on current collector is sensitive to the current collector-coating interface, which makes it a highly useful probe. Improvements in cell capacity are observed with higher viscosity formulations (High weight percentage, CMC content), attributed to reduction in migration and slumping of the slurry on the current collector. SBR had a negative impact at any concentration due to its insulating nature, and carbon black reduces gravimetric capacity when included at high concentrations. The insights from this study facilitate the formulation optimisation of electrodes providing improved slurry design rules for future high performance electrode manufacturing
Major opportunities of digital twins for smart buildings: a scientometric and content analysis
Get PDFPurpose: Digital twins provide enormous opportunities for smart buildings. However, an up-to-date intellectual landscape to understand and identify the major opportunities of digital twins for smart buildings is still not enough. This study, therefore, performs an up-to-date comprehensive literature review to identify the major opportunities of digital twins for smart buildings.
Design/methodology/approach: Scientometric and content analysis are utilised to comprehensively evaluate the intellectual landscape of the general knowledge of digital twins for smart buildings.
Findings: The study uncovered 24 opportunities that were further categorised into four major opportunities: efficient building performance (smart “building” environment), efficient building process (smart construction site environment), information efficiency and effective user interactions. The study further identified the limitations of the existing studies and made recommendations for future research in the methodology adopted and the research domain. Five research domains were considered for future research, namely “real-time data acquisition, processing and storage”, “security and privacy issues”, “standardised and domain modelling”, “collaboration between the building industry and the digital twin developers” and “skilled workforce to enable a seamless transition from theory to practice”.
Practical implications: All stakeholders, including practitioners, policymakers and researchers in the field of “architecture, engineering, construction and operations” (AECO), may benefit from the findings of this study by gaining an in-depth understanding of the opportunities of digital twins and their implementation in smart buildings in the AECO industry. The limitations and the possible research directions may serve as guidelines for streamlining the practical adoption and implementation of digital twins for smart buildings.
Originality/value: This study adopted scientometric and content analysis to comprehensively assess the intellectual landscape of relevant literature and identify four major opportunities of digital twins for smart building, to which scholars have given limited attention. Finally, a research direction framework is presented to address the identified limitations of existing studies and help envision the ideal state of digital twins for smart buildings
Power Grid Frequency Forecasting from μPMU Data using Hybrid Vector-Output LSTM network
Get PDFThe instantaneous balance of electrical supply and
demand on the power grid is indicated by the power grid
frequency, making it a pivotal variable for power system controls.
Accurate frequency forecasting could enable new faster means of frequency management that enhance power system stability. A hybrid vector-output Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) neural
network has been studied using microsynchrophasor data to
predict trajectories. The objective of this research is to evaluate the effectiveness of very short time horizon frequency prediction using this method. The proposed model has been trained with over and under-frequency operational limit excursion events as well as normal condition state, with the goal of minimising prediction errors. Training and testing have been conducted using 390,000 datapoints covering 65 frequency events obtained from a distribution grid connected solar farm in England. The results demonstrate this method can provide useful grid frequency projections and shed light on underlying behaviour.
Index Terms—Electrical grid frequency, power system stability, time series forecasting, long short term memor
Distribution Substation Dynamic Reconfiguration and Reinforcement-Digital Twin Model
Get PDFThe proliferation of electric vehicles will increase demand and alter the load profiles on final distribution substations quicker than traditional reinforcement techniques can respond. As it is nontrivial to determine in advance, to street level granularity, where and when vehicles will charge, a more flexible approach to substation reinforcement is preferable to the existing rip-out-and-replace technique for an overloaded transformer. Distribution Substation Dynamic Reconfiguration (DSDR) combines reinforcement using parallel transformers with reconfiguration algorithms to flexibly operate the substation in the face of uncertain loading conditions, by dynamically switching transformers in and out of service. This paper presents a digital twin and a benchtop scale model of the DSDR substation for the development and evaluation of such algorithms, along with two algorithms for optimizing substation technical losses. Initial results show that on a single tested substation model, efficiency increased by 5.40% with Net-Zero Year 2050 load profiles versus traditional reinforcement