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Capture Rates Of Eptesicus Fuscus Increase Following White-Nose Syndrome Across The Eastern US
No full textEmerging infectious diseases threaten wildlife globally. While the effects of infectious diseases on hosts with severe infections and high mortality rates often receive considerable attention, effects on hosts that persist despite infection are less frequently studied. To understand how persisting host populations change in the face of disease, we quantified changes to the capture rates of Eptesicus fuscus (big brown bats), a persisting species susceptible to infection by the invasive fungal pathogen Pseudogymnoascus destructans (Pd; causative agent for white-nose syndrome), across the eastern US using a 30-year dataset. Capture rates of male and female E. fuscus increased from preinvasion to pathogen establishment years, with greater increases to the capture rates of females than males. Among females, capture rates of pregnant and post-lactating females increased by pathogen establishment. We outline potential mechanisms for these broad demographic changes in E. fuscus capture rates (i.e., increases to foraging from energy deficits created by Pd infection, increases to relative abundance, or changes to reproductive cycles), and suggest future research for identifying mechanisms for increasing capture rates across the eastern US. These data highlight the importance of understanding how populations of persisting host species change following pathogen invasion across a broad spatial scale. Understanding changes to population composition following pathogen invasion can identify broad ecological patterns across space and time, and open new avenues for research to identify drivers of those patterns
EASY-AI: sEmantic And compoSable glYphs for representing AI systems
No full textDespite the rapid integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into various research domains and the lives of everyday people, challenges with communicating and understanding these AI systems arise. The lack of a consistent method of communication highlights the need for a transdisciplinary approach to explain the inner workings of AI systems in a cohesive and accessible manner. We thus propose an ontological visual framework using semantically-enhanced, symbols, providing a symbolic language for conveying the structure, purpose, and characteristics of AI systems. The framework encompasses a generalizable glyph set of various AI system components, ensuring both common and obscure architectures can be represented. In this paper, we present the underlying logical formalisms that dictate the behavior of this visual framework as a means to significantly enhance the comprehensibility and understandability of AI system behaviors
Person, Place, or Thing: The Role Student Conceptions Play in Identification and Usage of Support Resources
No full textThis article reports on data collected from a study of 101 students taking a first-year experience course. Using a mapping methodology in an effort to understand what resources students could identify and what relationships they saw between resources, the study showed that resources associated with a specific location or connected with people were more likely to be identified by students, and students who identified more people resources were more likely to persist. These results suggest that student support providers should look for ways to leverage physical spaces for awareness but focus on people-centered experiences to help students feel supported
Association Between Gallstone Disease and Risk of Mortality of Cardiovascular Disease and Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
No full textBackground: Gallstone disease (GD) is increasing in the world and has various complications. Objective: This study aims to examine the relationship between GD and the risk of mortality from cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer using a systematic review and meta-analysis approach. Methods: A comprehensive and systematic search was done in various databases, such as Web of Science (WOS), Scopus, MEDLINE/PubMed, Cochrane, and Embase. The search included studies published from 1980 to December 2023. Heterogeneity was assessed using Chi-square, I2, and forest plots, while publication bias was evaluated through Begg\u27s and Egger\u27s tests. All analyses were performed using Stata 15, with statistical significance set at p \u3c0.05. Results: A pooled analysis of five studies involving 161,671 participants demonstrated that individuals with GD had a significantly higher risk of mortality from CVD (RR 1.29, 95% CI: 1.11-1.50, p \u3c0.001). Importantly, no evidence of publication bias was found based on the results of Begg\u27s test (p =0.806) and Egger\u27s test (p =0.138). Furthermore, the pooled analysis of seven studies, encompassing a total of 562,625 participants, indicated an increased risk of cancer mortality among individuals with GD (RR 1.45, 95% CI: 1.16-1.82, p \u3c0.001). Similarly, no publication bias was detected through Begg\u27s test (p =0.133) and Egger\u27s test (p =0.089). Conclusion: In this study, the evidence of a significant association between GD and an elevated risk of mortality from CVD and canceris provided. These findings suggest that implementing targeted interventions for individuals with gallstone disease could reduce mortality rates among these patients
A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of the Relationship between Statin Intake and Esophageal Cancer
No full textBackground: Esophageal cancer is a malignant tumor with a low survival rate. Statins, commonly prescribed for their lipid-lowering effects, have been suggested to possess potential chemopreventive properties against various cancers, including esophageal cancer. Objectives: This systematic review studied the association between statin intake and esophageal cancer. Methods: To conduct this systematic review and meta-analysis, we reviewed studies published between 1980 and June 2023 in Web of Science (WOS), Embase, MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases according to the PRISMA guidelines. Data extraction, quality assessment, and statistical analyses were performed using predefined protocols. We used various statistical tests conducted by Stata statistical software. Statistical significance was considered significant at p \u3c 0.05. Results: Twenty-one studies were collected and analyzed. The meta-analysis demonstrated that the odds ratio (OR) of esophageal cancer in patients treated with statins was 0.65 (95% CI: 0.57-0.75, p \u3c 0.001) compared to the non-receiving group. The ORs for case-control and cohort studies were 0.67 (95% CI:0.54-0.83, p \u3c 0.001) and 0.62 (95% CI:0.55-0.71, p \u3c 0.001), respectively. The investigation into the relationship between the statins intake and the incidence of esophageal cancer did not reveal any indication of publication bias according to both Begg\u27s test (p = 0.966) and Egger\u27s test (p = 0.113). Conclusion: The results revealed that the odds of esophageal cancer in patients treated with statins decreased by 35% compared to patients not treated with statins. However, further well-designed prospective studies are needed to validate these findings and understand the underlying mechanisms of statins in preventing esophageal cancer
Nursing the Wright Way: A History of Nursing at Wright State University, 1973-2023
Get PDFThis book explores the history of an innovative nursing education program in Dayton, Ohio from its creation in the 1970s until 2023. On the cutting edge with a theory driven curriculum this program went from BSN, adding the master\u27s degree with advanced practice options and also a DNP.https://corescholar.libraries.wright.edu/books/1253/thumbnail.jp
The Guardian the Month of February 2024
Get PDFNews articles from The Guardian for the Month of February 2024. The Guardian is the official student-run newspaper for Wright State University. It has been published regularly since March of 1965.https://corescholar.libraries.wright.edu/guardian/3662/thumbnail.jp
A Study on Bioaccumulation of Two Heavy Metals in Pastures Irrigated with Wastewater and Translocation in Grazing Ruminants Through Forages: Public Health Implications
Get PDFCopper and zinc play a very important role in plant development, but exposure at higher concentrations causes severe toxic effects. Copper (Cu) is an essential element for plants as it is involved in the synthesis of ATP and CO2 assimilation, while zinc (Zn) stimulates several enzymes and is necessary for the biosynthesis of chlorophyll. The present research appraised the Cu and Zn concentrations in water, soil, forages (Trifolium repens, Cynodon dactylon, Lolium perenne, and Festuca arundinacea), milk, and hair samples of buffaloes. The samples were collected from the selected sites of Tehsil Bhalwal Punjab, Pakistan, and analyzed through an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The concentration of Cu ranged from 0.80 to 2.98 mgL-1 in water, 5.940 to 14.900 mgkg-1 in soil, 2.300 to 8.990 mgkg-1 in forages, 0.0054 to 1.90 mgL-1 in milk, and 1.10 to 5.900 mgkg-1 in hair samples respectively. The range of Zn varied from 0.100 to 1.50 mgL-1 in water, 21.500 to 36.700 mgkg-1in soil, 16.700 to 39.980 mgkg-1 in forage, 1.381 to 7.80 mgL-1 in milk, and 0.240 to 2.755 mgkg-1 in hair respectively. The assessment of the bio-concentration factor, daily intake of metal, pollution load index, enrichment factor, and health risk index were also highlighted in this study. The BCF of Zn and PLI of Cu were noted as greater than 1, while the other indices were found to be less than 1, indicating that forages cultivated in water-rich soil are not harmful, therefore heavy metal analysis was necessary to assess the environmental contamination
Artificial Fruit Ripening Agents and their Impact on Health of the University Students in Lahore
Get PDFTo evaluate the impact of chemicals used in artificial fruit ripening and to create an approach for raising public awareness of the risks associated with artificial fruit ripening. It was a cross-sectional and observational study, in which data was gathered from 900 university students by convenient sampling technique in Lahore. The duration of research was from May 2021 to Dec 2021. The adverse reactions caused due to different fruits were recorded on a questionnaire. Candidates included in this research were, aged between 18 years to 28 years and healthy, whereas unhealthy were excluded. Out of 900 participants, 247 (27.4 %) were those who had allergies from fruits in which 47 (19.1 %) were male and 200 (80.9 %) were females. Mango and strawberry were the fruits, which caused severe allergic or adverse reactions. Out of 247 participants, 69 (27.9 %) were affected with itching and rashes, 56 (22.6 %) were affected with cough or sneezing, 33 (13.4 %) were affected with angioedema, 81 (32.8 %) were affected with other adverse reactions, and 8 (3.3 %) were affected with anaphylaxis which leads to severity and hospitalization. The use of waxes and chemicals for artificial ripening of fruits caused adverse effects on human health. Ingestion of these chemicals applied on fruit surfaces can be significantly reduced by washing and peeling them off before consumption, can lessen the dangers of their adverse effects. In addition, spreading awareness among people is a major contributing factor to reduce the fruit allergy
A Review on Potential for Organic Farming in Pakistan
Get PDFIntensive use of agrochemicals (fertilizers and pesticides) has enhanced crop productivity in Pakistan. This rise in productivity has been achieved at the cost of degradation of natural resources (land and water), and environmental pollution. The current situation demands a gradual transformation towards eco-friendly farming practices like organic farming to ensure the sustainability of the agriculture sector. This article presents our viewpoint on the potential benefits of organic farming, its role in mitigating the impact of climate change and the potential for adoption and promotion of organic farming in Pakistan. Organic farming seems to offer promising opportunities on account of its documented benefits towards improving soil resilience, sustaining productivity, conservation of bio-diversity and positive impact of organic foods on human health. Adoption of organic farming approaches may help developing countries like Pakistan to realize sustainable development goals. Limited awareness and institutional support are the key factors responsible for the slow adoption of organic farming in Pakistan. There is a dire need for support from the government and policymakers to promote organic farming. The study underlines the dire need for a paradigm shift towards organic agriculture through incentivizing farmers, strengthening research and institutional support, and enhancing market access for organic produce. Organic farming seems to be a viable solution to cope with the challenges of land degradation, loss of biodiversity, and climate change while promoting inclusive and equitable development, paving the way for a resilient and ecologically sound future for the agriculture sector of Pakistan