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Vision Loss and Substance Misuse
No full textBackground: The number of people in the U.S. affected by sensory disabilities and/or substance use has continued to increase, but the relationship between them has yet to be fully understood. The purpose of this review is to assess the relationship between substance use and vision loss in the U.S. as described by current literature. Methods: A search of published literature was conducted across MEDLINE, APA PsycINFO, Web of Science, and EBSCO: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection, and CINAHL following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analysis (PRISMA) protocol. Risk of bias was assessed by the authors based on study design. U.S. based studies written in English between 2010 and 2022 that reported on vision loss and substance use were included. Results: In all, 21 articles were included (case reports 11, case series 1, cross-sectional 4, retrospective cohort 3, review 2) representing 89,132 patients. Nineteen studies found a positive association between vision loss and substance use, with 15 studies suggesting substance use was a risk factor for vision loss. One study reported on vision loss preceding substance use but was inconclusive. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that substance use may be a risk factor for vision loss, and we recommend that providers screen for vision loss in at risk patients to mitigate further disability. Further research is needed to assess the impact visual disabilities may have on substance use, and stronger evidence is needed to verify if substance use is truly a risk factor for vision loss
La falta de los supermercados en el oeste de Dayton: Cómo obtienen los estudiantes comida fresca en los desiertos alimentarios (Un ensayo expositivo-argumentativo
No full textAfter having learned about how poverty can affect children’s educational outcomes in one of her classes, Iacobacci wanted to learn more about how the issue affected the area where she lived and went to school. What she found out was incredibly shocking, and only furthered the idea that students are struggling with opportunity gaps, not achievement ones. Unfortunately, due to discriminatory loan practices from long ago, children from the 21st century are suffering physically, emotionally, and academically
The Journey Within: My Travel Journel
Get PDFThis project is a multigenre research exploration that delves into Jones\u27s personal journey of self discovery and growth during her first solo trip
Study of the Incorporation of Date Stone Powder on Technological and Rheological Characteristics of Common Wheat Flour
Get PDFThe fortification of bakery products with bioactive and functional substances is the main focus of food sciences. These nutrients include date fruits (Phoenix dactylifera L.) and their byproducts. This work aims to illustrate the effects of using date components in bakery products and to determine how these effects affect the products\u27 technological, rheological, and sensory qualities. To achieve this purpose, date powder was introduced in bread making procedure with different rates (1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 %). Then, the physicochemical, sensorial and rheological characteristics was determined. In terms of bread qualities, date powder improved the volume and form of loaves with a satisfactory crumb structure when combined with flour that had a medium dough strength. Even yet, it had a detrimental impact on the parameters of crumb porosity, average cell area, and loaf form. It also greatly reduced the viscoelastic qualities of flours with substantial dough. The dough responded well to the use of date palm kernel
Women\u27s Involvement in Fisheries Co-Management of the World\u27s Largest Desert Lake, Turkana, Kenya
Get PDFDespite their significant presence in the fisheries workforce, women\u27s roles are often less recognized compared to men\u27s. This study investigated the participation of women in beach management units (BMUs) and fisheries activities in Lake Turkana, the world’s largest permanent desert Lake. Data were collected from 200 women respondents across eight purposively sampled BMUs, focusing on gender representation, leadership roles, participation in fisheries activities, factors influencing participation, and strategies for promoting gender equity. Descriptive statistical analysis was conducted to provide an in-depth understanding of women\u27s involvement in fisheries activities. Findings indicated that while gender representation aligned with Kenya\u27s constitutional one-third gender rule, only 25 % of women held executive positions, revealing gender disparities in BMU leadership. Women predominantly engaged in fish processing and trading but had limited involvement in decision-making processes. Factors influencing gender participation in fisheries activities varied significantly. The study underscored the need for comprehensive policy interventions to address barriers to women\u27s participation and promote gender-sensitive approaches to fisheries governance and development. These interventions aim to create a more inclusive and sustainable fisheries sector, recognizing women’s vital contributions
Depression as a Mediator of the Association Between Vision and/or Hearing Loss and Recent Substance Use: NHANES 2013–2018
No full textBackground: Previous research has demonstrated a significant association between vision and/or hearing loss and lifetime substance use. Objective: The objective of this analysis was to assess whether depression mediates the association between vision and/or hearing loss and recent substance use (RSU). Methods: Data from 9408 NHANES 2013–2018 participants were used for a survey-weighted analysis to assess whether the indirect effect (IE) of disability status (neither, vision loss only, hearing loss only, both) on the outcome RSU (past 30-day use of marijuana, cocaine, methamphetamine, or heroin) was mediated by recent (past 2 weeks) depression (Patient Health Questionnaire- 9 items score; none = 0–4, mild or greater = 5+), adjusting for confounders. Results: The estimated prevalence of vision and/or hearing loss, mild or greater depression, and RSU were 6.7 %, 24.1 %, and 16.8 %. RSU was significantly positively associated with disability status before (p = .018) but not after adjusting for depression (p = .160), and the indirect effects were statistically significant (p \u3c .001). Conclusions: The data are consistent with the hypothesis that recent depression mediates the association between vision and/or hearing loss and RSU. Initiatives may be needed that incorporate a focus on the prevention, management, or care for depression to intervene on the pathway between hearing and/or vision loss and RSU
An Evaluation of Messages to Promote Parental Intent to Vaccinate Children Aged \u3c12 Years Against COVID-19
No full textObjectives: Effective health communication can increase intent to vaccinate. We compared 8 messages that may influence parents’ intent to vaccinate their children against COVID-19. Methods: In a cross-sectional survey of adults in the United States administered online in August 2021, 1837 parents and legal guardians were exposed to 8 messages (individual choice, gain/practical benefits, nonexpert, health care provider recommendation, altruism/community good, safety/effectiveness, safety, and effectiveness) to determine message reception and influence on intent to vaccinate their children. Parents responded to 10 questions using a Likert scale. We computed odds ratios (ORs) for each message, with an OR \u3e1.0 indicating greater observed odds of participant agreement with the follow-up statement as compared with a reference message. We compared outcomes individually across messages with ordinal logistic regression fit using generalized estimating equations. Results: The individual choice message had the highest odds of agreement for understanding intent (OR = 2.10; 95% CI, 1.94-2.27), followed by the health care provider recommendation message (OR = 1.58; 95% CI, 1.46-1.71). The individual choice message had the highest odds of memorability, relatability, and trustworthiness. The altruism/community good message was at or near second best. The altruism/community good message had the highest or near-highest odds of increasing parents’ intent to vaccinate their children, asking friends and family for their thoughts, and searching for additional information. The message that most motivated parents to vaccinate their children depended on parental intent to vaccinate prior to being exposed to the tested messages. Conclusions: Messages with themes of individual choice, health care provider recommendation, and altruism/community good may be used in future message campaigns. Further research is needed to refine message concepts related to altruism/community good
Interface Between Motivational Interviewing and Burnout
Get PDFBACKGROUND: The contemporary challenges of improving patient engagement in chronic disease management and addressing the growing problem of physician burnout are commonly viewed as separate issues. However, there is extensive evidence that person-centered approaches to patient engagement, such as motivational interviewing (MI), are associated both with better outcomes for patients and improved well-being for clinicians.METHODS: We conducted an exploratory survey study to ascertain whether resident physicians who perceive that they embrace and utilize the MI approach also report less burnout. A total of 318 residents in several specialties were invited via email to complete a 10-question survey about patient engagement and the experience of burnout. Frequencies and percentages were calculated for all categorical/ordinal variables to describe survey participants and question responses. Correlation coefficients were obtained to assess relationships between all burnout and engagement questions.RESULTS: A total of 79 residents completed the survey (response rate of 24.8%). There was broad agreement about the importance of patient engagement and the use of the MI approach, and approximately 60% of residents indicated that burnout was a problem. Two items related to residents\u27 perceived use of MI were correlated with feeling a sense of personal accomplishment, one of the protective factors against burnout.CONCLUSION: Consistent with other studies indicating that person-centered approaches are associated both with better patient outcomes and provider wellbeing, our data suggest that residents\u27 self-reported use of the MI approach in patient care may be related to less burnout. It appears that training in the MI approach in graduate medical education may be simultaneously good for patient outcomes and good for resident well-being
A Conceptual Design Workflow for Producing a Controllable 6DOF Simulation of a High-Speed Vehicle
No full textQuantifying subsystem power requirements for a high-speed vehicle is a major hurdle in the conceptual design stage. As space and weight are at a premium, there is little room for overdesign when sizing power generation and thermal management systems. Improving the predictive capability of the power requirement would allow for the size and weight of the power generation subsystem to be included in the conceptual design optimization process. The difficulty in obtaining these power requirements for high-speed systems is that many of them require six degree-of-freedom (6DOF) simulations and control schemes for them to accurately characterize power profiles, such as the actuation subsystem. While high speed simulation and control has been considered in the literature before, this is typically done much later in the design process. This research aims to propose a workflow using low-fidelity methods to quickly produce a controllable 6DOF simulation from a high-speed vehicle geometry. This workflow uses the Configuration-Based Aerodynamics (CBAERO) software to generate an aerodynamic database, and control surface increments are obtained using flat-plate modified Newtonian approximations. The plant model is then compiled in SIMULINK, where a Linear-Quadratic-Integrator (LQI) controller is used to control the longitudinal and lateral dynamics, and a PI controller is used to control the speed, with control tuning specifications based on MIL-STD-1797A. This workflow was performed on a notional high-speed vehicle, and a controllable 6DOF simulation was produced and used to simulate a maneuvering trajectory. The bank angle was observed to track alternating steps within one degree with a settling time less than 5.5 seconds, while regulating the flight path angle to zero with a root-mean square error of 0.167 degrees and maintaining flight speed with a root mean square error of 0.0203 Mach over a 540 second simulation
Sarin-Induced Neuroinflammation in Mouse Brain Is Attenuated by the Caspase Inhibitor Q-VD-OPh
Get PDFOrganophosphates cause hyperstimulation of the central nervous system, leading to extended seizures, convulsions, and brain damage. Sarin is a highly toxic organophosphate nerve agent that has been employed in several terrorist attacks. The prolonged toxicity of sarin may be enhanced by the neuroinflammatory response initiated by the inflammasome, caspase involvement, and generation/release of proinflammatory cytokines. Since neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation are prevalent in sarin-exposed animals, we were interested in evaluating the capacity of quinolyl-valyl-O-methylaspartyl-[-2,6-difluorophenoxy]-methyl ketone (Q-VD-OPh), a pan caspase inhibitor to attenuate neuroinflammation following sarin exposure. To test this hypothesis, sarin-exposed C57BL/6 mice were treated with Q-VD-OPh or negative control quinolyl-valyl-O-methylglutamyl-[-2,6-difluorophenoxy]-methyl ketone, sacrificed at 2- and 14-day time points, followed by removal of the amygdala and hippocampus. A Bio-Rad 23-Plex cytokine analysis was completed on each tissue. The results suggest that exposure to sarin induced a dramatic increase in interleukin-1β and 6 other cytokines and a decrease in 2 of the 23 cytokines at 2 days in the amygdala compared with controls. Q-VD-OPh attenuated these changes at the 2-day time point. At 14 days, six of these cytokines were still significantly different from controls. Hippocampus was less affected at both time points. Diazepam, a neuroprotective drug against nerve agents, caused an increase in several cytokines but did not have a synergistic effect with Q-VD-OPh. Treatment of sarin exposure with apoptosis inhibitors appears to be a worthwhile approach for further testing as a comprehensive counteragent against organophosphate exposure. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: A pan inhibitor of caspases (Q-VD-OPh) was proposed as a potential antidote for sarin-induced neuroinflammation by reducing the level of inflammation via inflammasome caspase inhibition. Q-VD-OPh added at 30 minutes post-sarin exposure attenuated the inflammatory response of a number of cytokines and chemokines in the amygdala and hippocampus, two brain regions sensitive to organophosphate exposure. Apoptotic marker reduction at 2 and 14 days further supports further testing of inhibitors of apoptosis as a means to lessen extended organophosphate toxicity in the brain