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Economic Impact Study of Behavioral Health in the Greater Dayton Region
No full textThis study calculated comprehensive estimates of all economic impacts of mental illness within the Dayton, Ohio, Region for 2023. Every cost area within each pathway through which mental illness generates economic impacts was estimated for the Region. This was accomplished by using pre-existing per capita estimates from similar regions and using economic cost analysis methods to adjust the estimates to the Dayton Region. The dollar values of the economic impacts were categorized into three distinct impact types: Impact on the Region’s GDP (13.92 billion)
Study on the Beneficial Effects of Garlic, Tribulus Terrestris, and Vitamin E Supplementation on Semen Quality, Fertility, and Hatchability of Desi Male Chicken
No full textThis study evaluated the effects of dietary supplementation with garlic, Tribulus terrestris, and vitamin E on semen quality parameters in desi male chickens maintained under local farming conditions in Sindh, Pakistan. A total of twenty-four non-descriptive desi chickens (8 males and 16 females, aged 19–20 weeks) were allocated to four dietary groups for 42 days: G1 (basal diet with 150 g/kg garlic), G2 (basal diet with Tribulus terrestris at 1 capsule/liter of water), G3 (basal diet with vitamin E at 1 capsule/liter of water), and G4 (control with basal breeding ration only). Semen samples collected from treated males were analyzed for volume, mass motility, individual motility, live sperm, and dead sperm counts. Results demonstrated significant improvements in the garlic group (G1), with semen volume (0.36 ± 0.02 ml), mass motility score (4.40 ± 0.16), and individual motility (83.00 ± 2.55), outperforming the control group (0.21 ± 0.02 ml, 2.60 ± 0.16, and 62.60 ± 1.67 respectively). Tribulus terrestris (G2) and vitamin E (G3) groups also showed improved semen characteristics relative to control, though garlic supplementation consistently yielded the highest values. These findings indicate that targeted inclusion of garlic, Tribulus terrestris, or vitamin E in breeding rations can significantly enhance semen quality traits in desi chickens, offering practical, low-cost strategies for improving reproductive efficiency and supporting sustainable poultry production in resource-limited settings
Clinical and Genetic Studies of Hypotrichosis in District Pakpattan, Punjab, Pakistan
No full textHypotrichosis is a hereditary hair development condition that results in thin or little hair on the head and other regions of the body due to diminished or non-existent hair growth. To investigate the prevalence rate, the mechanism of inheritance, and the genetic counselling of people affected by these conditions. To determine the number of cases of familial hypotrichosis, a survey was done at various schools, colleges, hospitals, and communities to identify those affected by this ailment. A study of eleven families with consanguineous marriages found that 10.52 % of the population had hypotrichosis. The affected individuals had limited hair growth and baldness; some individuals also had nail dystrophy, and some individuals had no teeth and sweat glands. The incidence rate ranged from 3.77 % to 17.14 %, and the percentage distribution of different types of hypotrichosis was found to be diverse. The research highlights the importance of understanding the inheritance patterns and characteristics of hypotrichosis in the population. It was discovered that men were more negatively affected than women. These afflicted families have a history of consanguineous marriages
Trophic Niche Overlap Between Native and Alien Fish Species: a Challenge for the Aquatic Ecosystems
No full textThe different physiological and biological challenges are introduced not only on land but also in aquatic ecosystems due to increasing climatic changes and human needs. One of these challenges is the introduction of invasive alien species to the native freshwater ichthyofauna. These species not only disturb the ecological balance of the native water bodies but can also be a vector for parasitic diseases. The current study is designed to disclose the trophic niche overlap among exotic (Cyprinus carpio and Oreochromis mozambicus) and indigenous fish species (Labeo calbasu and Cirrhinus mrigala) from Head Baloki (Ravi River), Punjab, Pakistan, with the help of stable isotopes of nitrogen (δ15N) and carbon (δ13C) to trace the ecological impact of native and alien interactions. Non-significant differences in mean isotopic signature values (δ15N and δ13C) of the selected fish species were observed. Community-wide metrics (inside δ15N-δ13C) reflecting vital trophic structure aspects were also considered. The results indicates that the same trophic level was the feeding area for the included alien and native fish species, whereas the trophic diversity and niche size of the exotic species were greater compared to the natives. A wide range of δ13C values showed that exotic fish species have opportunistic feeding behavior (with multiple basal resources). The current study indicates that this native and alien interaction can be a threat to freshwater as well as marine ecosystems. Detailed monitoring is required to adopt appropriate resilience against this increasing environmental issue in aquatic environments
Diversity of Butterflies (Lepidoptera) in Kanju, District Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
No full textButterflies are one of the most beautiful creatures on earth. They belong to the phylum Arthropoda, class Insecta, and order Lepidoptera. Butterflies play an important role in the ecosystem, contributing significantly to pollen transfer. They play an important role in pollination, and their foraging behavior enhances the genetic diversity. Additionally, they also play an important role in the food chain and serve as prey for birds, reptiles, and other insectivore organisms. The current study was conducted to find out the diversity and distribution of butterflies in Kanju district Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. A total 203 specimens were collected from August to December 2018, from various habitats such as gardens, vegetation, meadows, wetlands, urban, and forest. The morphologically identified specimens represented 10 species, 7 genera, and 3 families i.e Pieridae, Papilionidae and Nymphalidae. The five species belong to family Pieridae were Eurema hecabe, Catopsilia pomona, Pieris canidia, Pieris brassicae and Colias croceus and was the largest family on the basis of species richness. This was followed by family Papilionidae containing three species including Papilio demoleus, Papilio paris and Papilio machaon. The Nymphalidae family contains 2 genera and 2 species, including Junonia orithya and Danaus chrysippus. Based on abundance of specimens Junonia orithya was the most widely distributed species with 61 specimens collected from the study area. Similarly, Colias croceus was the rarest based on specimens’ abundance with only 6 specimens collected from the study area. The highest diversity was recorded in the month of August and then sharply declined by December due to cold climatic conditions
Education in the Era of Neurosymbolic AI
No full textEducation is poised for a transformative shift with the advent of neurosymbolic artificial intelligence (NAI), which will redefine how we support deeply adaptive and personalized learning experiences. The integration of Knowledge Graphs (KGs) with Large Language Models (LLMs), a significant and popular form of NAI, presents a promising avenue for advancing personalized instruction via neurosymbolic educational agents. By leveraging structured knowledge, these agents can provide individualized learning experiences that align with specific learner preferences and desired learning paths, while also mitigating biases inherent in traditional AI systems. NAI-powered education systems will be capable of interpreting complex human concepts and contexts while employing advanced problem-solving strategies, all grounded in established pedagogical frameworks. In this paper, we propose a system that leverages the unique affordances of KGs, LLMs, and pedagogical agents – embodied characters designed to enhance learning – as critical components of a hybrid NAI architecture. We discuss the rationale for our system design and the preliminary findings of our work. We conclude that education in the era of NAI will make learning more accessible, equitable, and aligned with real-world skills. This is an era that will explore a new depth of understanding in educational tools
KnowWhereGraph for Land Use Optimization
No full textThis research aims to enhance land utilization for agricultural and renewable energy projects by optimizing the identification process of suitable locations. The challenge of finding appropriate land, influenced by factors such as soil quality, terrain, and pollution, necessitates sophisticated tools and specialized knowledge. This study utilizes SPARQL queries against the KnowWhereGraph (KWG) and data from the gSSURGO dataset, processed through ArcGIS, to streamline this task. Through the integration of these resources, this research seeks to simplify the access and interpretation of critical data dispersed across various entities, enabling the achievement of efficient land use. The outcomes of this research are anticipated to contribute to enhanced food security, economic growth, and increased access to renewable energy, aligning with local and global sustainability goals. Focusing initially on Ohio-where the funding university is located-the methodologies developed could be adapted for broader geographical applications, making this approach a scalable solution for future land use planning
Ontology-based Data Organization for the Enslaved.org Project
No full textThe men, women, and children forced into slavery in the Atlantic world came from diverse African societies with long histories of political, economic, and cultural development. They were taken from the trading centers of the Hausa city-states, the farming and artisanal communities of Senegambia, the Kongo and Mbundu polities of West Central Africa, and many other regions. They carried with them agricultural expertise, metallurgical skills, medical knowledge, religious traditions, and oral histories that helped sustain communities in the face of displacement and enslavement.Enslavement did not erase this intellectual and cultural inheritance, nor did it render its victims passive numbers in history. Instead, these individuals—scattered against their will across the Americas—were bearers of cultures. In the markets of Havana, the rice fields of the Carolina Low Country, the sugar mills of Bahia, and the mountain estates of Jamaica, enslaved Africans repurposed inherited knowledge to meet new realities. They wove fragments of home into new forms of resistance, ritual, kinship, and survival. The historical record that bears witness to these lives is scattered—geographically dispersed, archivally fragmented, and digitally siloed. The traces of individuals often exist as mere shadows: a name in a baptismal registry, a notation in a ship manifest, a mention in a planter’s ledger, a deposition in a colonial court. These documents, while scattered across continents and disciplines, gesture toward one another—but too often speak in isolation.Enslaved: Peoples of the Historical Slave Trade confronts this problem directly. Through an ontology-based approach to data organization, it seeks not only to systematize knowledge of the historical records of enslavement, but to restore connective tissue between dismembered lives and histories. This is more than a technical endeavor; it is an ethical one. Each name, record, fragment is treated not as a data point but as the trace of a full human life—a person whose agency was never wholly extinguished. The ontology functions as both a scaffolding for the integration of disparate archival materials and as a principled commitment to historical justice. By bringing scattered records into structured relation, we begin the work of reassembling stories often left out of histories.
Prediction of Lacosamide Concentrations To Support Dose Optimization During Pregnancy
No full textObjective: We aimed to quantify and predict lacosamide exposure during pregnancy by developing a pregnancy physiologically-based pharmacokinetic model, allowing the prediction of potential dose increases to support maintaining a patient\u27s preconception lacosamide concentrations. Methods: Models for nonpregnant adults and pregnant female patients were constructed using physiochemical and pharmacological parameters identified from literature review. Evaluation of plasma concentration data from human males was digitized froM.T.he literature. Concentration data in nonpregnant and pregnant human females were available froM.T.he Maternal Outcomes and Neurodevelopmental Effects of Antiepileptic Drugs (MONEAD) study, a longitudinal observational study which followed 11 nonpregnant and 16 pregnant women receiving lacosamide. Evaluation was conducted qualitatively with visual overlay (\u3e80% of observed concentrations within 90% confidence interval) and quantitatively with average fold error and absolute average fold error (0.8-1.25 ratio acceptance criteria). Simulations of intensively-sampled dosing regimens at steady-state dosing across multiple gestational ages were conducted in Simcyp to evaluate the potential changes in lacosamide pharmacokinetics during pregnancy. Additional simulations were performed to explore the effects of cytochrome polymorphisms and glomerular filtration rate variability. Results: The model adequately described the evaluation data in nonpregnant adults and pregnant adults between 10 and 40 weeks of gestation. Estimates in patients at 40- weeks of gestation indicated that lacosamide clearance increased by 48.2% compared to nonpregnant patients. Maximum lacosamide concentration (Cmax) during a simulated dosing interval also fell by 30% from preconception to 40 weeks. A simulated dose increase of 50 mg once daily at 10 weeks of gestation supported maintenance of preconception concentration for a typical patient taking the most common dosing regimen of 200 mg, twice daily (BID), preconception. Significance: Simulated changes in lacosamide concentration align with the limited data available in observational studies. Our simulations support the use of therapeutic drug monitoring and dose adjustments to maintain the efficacy of lacosamide pharmacotherapy
Postcard from Unknown to [Milton Wright], from Paris, France (Palais-Royal)
Get PDFAn undated Paris, France postcard featuring the Palais-Royal. Collected by Milton Wright.https://corescholar.libraries.wright.edu/special_ms711_postcards/1081/thumbnail.jp