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Nace el Centro de Neurociencias Cajal: la excelencia de la investigación del cerebro en España
No full textDatos técnicos: 2 minutos, color, español. Ficha técnica: Gabinete de Presidencia CSIC y Departamento de Comunicación.El CNC cuenta con 31.000 metros cuadrados de instalaciones de última generación que tendrán capacidad para albergar alrededor de 700 investigadores e investigadoras y aproximadamente 60 grupos de investigación y 32 laboratorios modulares de hasta 150 metros cuadrados. Además, el centro dispondrá de tecnologías pioneras como microscopios Multifotónicos y de súper-resolución, que estudian las estructuras moleculares al detalle nanométrico y nos permiten comprender los mecanismos cerebrales a tiempo real.
También albergará tecnologías ómicas, que suponen una revolución en el análisis genómico del cerebro y que nos ayudan a desvelar los procesos degenerativos de muchas enfermedades. De manera adicional, el CNC acogerá el animalario más grande de España, y uno de los más grandes de Europa, que será determinante para realizar estudios de comportamiento precisos de la función cerebral.
Con su enfoque abierto y multidisciplinar, el CNC busca potenciar las sinergias entre grupos de investigación. Este centro contribuirá a impulsar futuros avances científicos en áreas como el diagnóstico y las terapias frente a enfermedades como el Alzheimer, el Parkinson, las patologías de espectro autista, la depresión o los trastornos del sueño y el desarrollo de tecnologías para la comprensión del cerebro.N
The Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens ClpAP1S1 proteolytic system is involved in the abiotic stress response and in the symbiotic interaction with soybeans
No full text1 página- Poster presentado en XIX National Meeting of the Spanish Society of Nitrogen Fixation (XIX SEFIN) and II Spanish-Portuguese Congress on Beneficial Plant-Microbe Interactions (BeMiPlant) 3-5 julio Salamanca (2024)This work was supported by grants PID2020-114330GB-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and P18-RT-1401 (Junta de Andalucía, Spain). S.G. thanks the support from “Programa Operativo de Empleo Juvenil y la Iniciativa de Empleo Juvenil” (cofinanced by Junta de Andalucía and European Social Fund)
Elemental cryo-imaging reveals SOS1-dependent vacuolar sodium accumulation
Get PDFIncreasing soil salinity causes significant crop losses globally; therefore, understanding plant responses to salt (sodium) stress is of high importance. Plants avoid sodium toxicity through subcellular compartmentation by intricate processes involving a high level of elemental interdependence. Current technologies to visualize sodium, in particular, together with other elements, are either indirect or lack in resolution. Here we used the newly developed cryo nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry ion microprobe1, which allows high-resolution elemental imaging of cryo-preserved samples and reveals the subcellular distributions of key macronutrients and micronutrients in root meristem cells of Arabidopsis and rice. We found an unexpected, concentration-dependent change in sodium distribution, switching from sodium accumulation in the cell walls at low external sodium concentrations to vacuolar accumulation at stressful concentrations. We conclude that, in root meristems, a key function of the NHX family sodium/proton antiporter SALT OVERLY SENSITIVE 1 (also known as Na+/H+ exchanger 7; SOS1/NHX7) is to sequester sodium into vacuoles, rather than extrusion of sodium into the extracellular space. This is corroborated by the use of new genomic, complementing fluorescently tagged SOS1 variants. We show that, in addition to the plasma membrane, SOS1 strongly accumulates at late endosome/prevacuoles as well as vacuoles, supporting a role of SOS1 in vacuolar sodium sequestration.We thank F. Plane, A. Mucciolo and J. Daraspe for technical advice and
assistance. We thank D. Salt for critical comments on the manuscript. We thank the Central
Imaging Facility of the University of Lausanne and the Scientific Center for Optical and
Electron Microscopy (ScopeM, ETH Zurich) for technical support. This work was supported
by grant PID2022-140705OB-I00 (AEI-MCIN, Spain, co-financed by ERDF) to F.J.Q., and
by in-house funding from ETH Zurich to C.S.-R., from the University of Lausanne to N.G.
and from EPFL to A.M. The development of the CryoNanoSIMS was funded by EPFL, the
University of Lausanne, grants from the Swiss National Science Foundation (206021_150762,
200021_179092 andPeer reviewe
Fighting to thrive via plant growth regulators: Green chemical strategies for drought stress tolerance
Get PDFAs global climate change intensifies, the occurrence and severity of various abiotic stresses will significantly threaten plant health and productivity. Drought stress (DS) is a formidable obstacle, disrupting normal plant functions through specific morphological, physiological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms. Understanding how plants navigate DS is paramount to mitigating its adverse effects. In response to DS, plants synthesize or accumulate various plant growth regulators (PGRs), including phytohormones, neurotransmitters, gasotransmitters, and polyamines, which present promising sustainable green chemical strategies to adapt or tolerate stress conditions. These PGRs orchestrate crucial plant structure and function adjustments, activating defense systems and modulating cellular-level responses, transcript levels, transcription factors, metabolic genes, and stress-responsive candidate proteins. However, the efficacy of these molecules in mitigating DS depends on the plant species, applied PGR dose, treatment type, duration of DS exposure, and growth stages. Thus, exploring the integrated impact of PGRs on enhancing plant fitness and DS tolerance is crucial for global food security and sustainable agriculture. This review investigates plant responses to DS, explains the potential of exogenously applied diverse PGRs, dissects the complex chemistry among PGRs, and sheds light on omics approaches for harnessing the molecular basis of DS tolerance. This updated review delivers comprehensive mechanistic insights for leveraging various PGRs to enhance overall plant fitness under DS conditions.ZH received support from the Shenzhen Special Fund for Sustainable Development (KCXFZ20211020164013021), The grant from Development and Reform Commission of Shenzhen Municipality (XMHT20220104019), and Shenzhen University 2035 Program for Excellent Research (2022B010). RMR received support from the AGROALNEXT/MCIN with funding from the European Union Next Generation EU (PRTR-C17.I1). FJC research is supported by a European Regional Development Fund co-financed grants from the Ministry of Science and Innovation (PID2023-145153NB-C21), Spain.Peer reviewe
Tres yaza'ir en el Mediterráneo: al-Andalus, Creta y Sicilia en el marco de la primera embajada bizantina a Córdoba (s. IX)
No full textEste capítulo analiza las motivaciones políticas de la primera embajada bizantina recibida en Córdoba en 225 H./839-840 d.C., en el contexto mediterráneo, a partir de su relato y de la carta del emir omeya, transmitidos por Ibn Hayyan, apartándose de las tradicionales visiones de la agencia musulmana como “piratería” que “desestabilizaba” el Mediterráneo. Bizancio atravesaba un periodo de decadencia territorial y política: Creta cae en manos de un grupo de “aventureros” andalusíes en 827, mientras la dinastía norteafricana aglabí conquista gradualmente Sicilia y los abasíes toman Amorio en 838. En este contexto, el imperador Teófilo envía varias embajadas a poderes occidentales, contándose entre ellas aquella enviada a ‘Abd al-Rahman II.N
New extense Isidella elongata (Esper,1788) fields found in the Western Mediterranean Sea: Evaluation based on visual surveys and VMS data
No full textPóster presentado en IX International Symposium on Marine Sciences (ISMS 2024), en Valencia del 10 al 12 de julio 2024-WHO: CALYPSUS Project team.
-WHAT: Analyse extense I.elongata fields found in two locations.
-WHERE: Alicante and Benidorm Submarine Canyons (Western Mediterranean Sea).
-WHEN: Data were collected during a research cruise in March 2024.
-HOW: Based on visual surveys recorded with a remotely operated towed vehicle, simples taken with dredges and data on the bottom otter trawl (OTB) fleet from the Vessel Monitoring System (VMS). Using specific software for video and image processing (OFOP & ImageJ), RStudio for statistical análisis and QGIS for mapping
Proteínas PRPF40 como potenciales marcadores moleculares del cáncer de páncreas.
No full textIntroducción/Objetivos:
PRPF40A y PRPF40B son los ortólogos mamíferos del factor esencial de splicing Prp40 de levadura, los cuales
muestran complejas interacciones con las maquinarias de transcripción y de splicing. Ambos han sido implicados
en enfermedades neurodegenerativas y cáncer (1). Concretamente, PRPF40A se encuentra entre los genes con un
mayor nivel de expresión en el análisis genómico de cambios de splicing alternativo basado en tejidos de
adenocarcinoma ductal de páncreas (2), y recientemente se ha sugerido que PRPF40A puede servir como un
biomarcador de diagnóstico y pronóstico para el cáncer de páncreas (CP) (3). Asimismo, un alto nivel de expresión
de PRPF40A es desfavorable para la supervivencia. Por el contrario, los pacientes con alta expresión de PRPF40B
muestran mejores tasas de supervivencia a los 5 años, lo que sugiere roles opuestos para PRPF40A y PRPF40B en
la tumorigenicidad del CP (4,5). Los mecanismos moleculares por los que PRPF40A y PRPF40B participan en el
CP son aún desconocidos.
Metodología:
Para conocer el papel de PRPF40A en el CP, se ha llevado a cabo un silenciamiento génico de PRPF40A empleando
siRNA específicos y se ha estudiado la proliferación celular (resazurina, formación de colonias y ciclo celular), la
apoptosis (anexina V-FITC/yoduro de propidio, medición de la actividad de las caspasas 3/7), la migración
(ensayos de wound-healing) así como un estudio de RNA-seq para conocer los genes diferencialmente expresados
a nivel transcripcional y de splicing..
Resultados y discusión:
Nuestros datos preliminares se resumen en los siguientes hallazgos clave: i) la expresión de ARNm de PRPF40A
es considerablemente mayor que la de PRPF40B en líneas celulares de CP; ii) la inhibición de PRPF40A reduce
significativamente la viabilidad celular y la formación de colonias; iii) la eliminación de PRPF40A induce una
parada del ciclo celular en G2/M y una apoptosis en células de CP; y iv) el silenciamiento de PRPF40A produce
una importante desregulación en la transcripción y el splicing alternativo en líneas celulares de CP.
Conclusiones:
Nuestros resultados sugieren un papel esencial de PRPF40A en el control del crecimiento celular a través del
control transcripcional y del splicing alternativo de numerosos genes celulares. Estos resultados, junto con otros,
se discutirán para explorar los mecanismos moleculares por los cuales la desregulación de la transcripción y/o el
splicing alternativo conduce a disfunciones humanas como el CP.
Referencias:
1. Becerra S, Andrés¿León E, Prieto¿Sánchez S, Hernández¿Munain C, Suñé C. Prp40 and early events in splice
site definition. WIREs RNA. 2016;7(1):17-32.
2. Wang J, Dumartin L, Mafficini A, Ulug P, Sangaralingam A, Alamiry NA, et al. Splice variants as novel targets
in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Sci Rep. 2017;7:2980.
3. Huo Z, Zhai S, Weng Y, Qian H, Tang X, Shi Y, et al. PRPF40A as a potential diagnostic and prognostic
marker is upregulated in pancreatic cancer tissues and cell lines: an integrated bioinformatics data analysis.
OncoTargets Ther. 2019;12:5037-51.
4. cBioPortal for Cancer Genomics [Internet]. [citado 31 de octubre de 2024].
Disponible en: https://www.cbioportal.org/
5. The Human Protein Atlas [Internet]. [citado 31 de octubre de 2024].
Disponible en: https://www.proteinatlas.org
Zonaciones de magnesioferrita-magnetita en el skarn magnésico de San Manuel, Serranía de Ronda
No full textComunicación oral presentada en SEM 2021 II Jornada de la Sociedad Española de Mineralogía “Agrupación estudiantil SEM-CAT " Barcelona. 22 al 24 de marzo de 202
Unambiguous identification of asymmetric and symmetric synapses using volume electron microscopy
No full textThe brain contains thousands of millions of synapses, exhibiting diverse structural, molecular, and functional characteristics. However, synapses can be classified into two primary morphological types: Gray’s type I and type II, corresponding to Colonnier’s asymmetric (AS) and symmetric (SS) synapses, respectively. AS and SS have a thick and thin postsynaptic density, respectively. In the cerebral cortex, since most AS are excitatory (glutamatergic), and SS are inhibitory (GABAergic), determining the distribution, size, density, and proportion of the two major cortical types of synapses is critical, not only to better understand synaptic organization in terms of connectivity, but also from a functional perspective. However, several technical challenges complicate the study of synapses. Potassium ferrocyanide has been utilized in recent volume electron microscope studies to enhance electron density in cellular membranes. However, identifying synaptic junctions, especially SS, becomes more challenging as the postsynaptic densities become thinner with increasing concentrations of potassium ferrocyanide. Here we describe a protocol employing Focused Ion Beam Milling and Scanning Electron Microscopy for studying brain tissue. The focus is on the unequivocal identification of AS and SS types. To validate SS observed using this protocol as GABAergic, experiments with immunocytochemistry for the vesicular GABA transporter were conducted on fixed mouse brain tissue sections. This material was processed with different concentrations of potassium ferrocyanide, aiming to determine its optimal concentration. We demonstrate that using a low concentration of potassium ferrocyanide (0.1%) improves membrane visualization while allowing unequivocal identification of synapses as AS or SS.The author(s) declare that financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. This work was supported by the following Grants: PID2021-127924NB-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033; CSIC Interdisciplinary Thematic Platform - Cajal Blue Brain (PTI-BLUEBRAIN; Spain); and CIBERNED, ISCIII, CB06/05/0066. Research Fellowships funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 for NC-A. (PRE2019-089228) and SP-A. (FPU19/00007)
RadioAstron Science Program Five Years after Launch: Main Science Results
No full textKardashev, N.S. et al.-- Full list of authors: Kardashev, N. S.; Alakoz, A. V.; Andrianov, A. S.; Artyukhov, M. I.; Baan, W.; Babyshkin, V. E.; Bartel, N.; Bayandina, O. S.; Val'tts, I. E.; Voitsik, P. A.; Vorobyov, A. Z.; Gwinn, C.; Gomez, J. L.; Giovannini, G.; Jauncey, D.; Johnson, M.; Imai, H.; Kovalev, Y. Y.; Kurtz, S. E.; Lisakov, M. M.; Lobanov, A. P.; Molodtsov, V. A.; Novikov, B. S.; Pogodin, A. V.; Popov, M. V.; Privesenzev, A. S.; Rudnitski, A. G.; Rudnitski, G. M.; Savolainen, T.; Smirnova, T. V.; Sobolev, A. M.; Soglasnov, V. A.; Sokolovsky, K. V.; Filippova, E. N.; Khartov, V. V.; Churikova, M. E.; Shirshakov, A. E.; Shishov, V. I.; Edwards, P.The RadioAstron ground-space interferometer provides the highest angular resolution achieved now in astronomy. The detection of interferometric fringes from quasars with this angular resolution on baselines of 100¿200 thousand km suggests the brightness temperatures which exceed the Compton limit by two orders of magnitude. Polarimetric measurements on ground-space baselines have revealed fine structure testifying to recollimation shocks on scales of 100¿250 ¿as and a helical magnetic field near the base of radio emission in BL Lacertae. Substructure within a the scattering disk of pulsar emission on interferometer baselines (from 60000 to 250000 km) was discovered. This substructure is produced by action of the interstellar interferometer with an effective baseline of about 1 AU and the effective angular resolution of better than 1 ¿as. Diameters of scattering disks were measured for several pulsars, and distances to diffusing screens were evaluated. The ground-space observations of sources of the maser radiation in lines of water and hydroxyl have shown that the maser sources in star-forming regions remain unresolved on baselines, which considerably exceed the Earth diameter. These very compact and bright features with angular sizes of about 20¿60 ¿as correspond to linear sizes of about 5¿10 million km (several solar diameters). © 2017, Pleiades Publishing, Inc.The RadioAstron project is implemented by the
Astro Space Center of the Lebedev Physical Institute,
the Russian Academy of Sciences and the Lavochkin
Scientific and Production Association under a contract with the Russian Federal Space Agency in collaboration with many scientific-technical organizations
in Russia and other countries. The presented results
are based partially on observations performed at radio
telescopes of the Institute of Applied Astronomy of the
Russian Academy of Sciences. The presented investigations are partially based on the results of the Evpatoria RT-70 radio telescope (Ukraine) observations
carried out by the Institute of Radio Astronomy of the
National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine under a
contract with the State Space Agency of Ukraine and
by the National Space Facilities Control and Test
Center with technical support by the Astro Space Center of the Lebedev Physical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences. Results of optical positioning measurements of the Spektr-R spacecraft by the global
MASTER Robotic Net (Lipunov et al., 2010), the
ISON collaboration and the Kourovka observatory
were used for the high-precision reconstruction of the
spacecraft orbit in addition to the standard mission facilities. Results are partially obtained based on
observations with the 100-m telescope of the Max
Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy (MPIfR) in
Effelsberg and with the Medicina and Noto radio telescopes (Sardinia), operated by INAF. The European
VLBI network is the joint project of the independent
European, African, Asian, and North-American
radio-astronomical institutes. The National Radio
Astronomy Observatory of the United States is a facility of the National Science Foundation of the United
States and is operated under a cooperative agreement
by the Associated Universities, Inc. The Arecibo
Observatory is operated by SRI International under a
cooperative agreement with the National Science
Foundation of the United States (AST-1100968), and
in alliance with the Ana G. Mendez-Universidad
Metropolitana and the Universities Space Research
Association. The Australia Telescope Compact Array
is a part of the Australia Telescope National Facility,
which is funded by the Commonwealth of Australia
and managed by CSIRO.
The presented scientific studies were partially supported by the Fundamental Research Program P-7 of
the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences
(Subprogram “Transition and Explosion Processes in
Astrophysics”) and by the Russian Foundation for
Basic Research (project no. 13-02-12103).Peer reviewe