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Dung predicts the global distribution of herbivore grazing pressure in drylands
No full text3 figuras.- 71 referencias.- Matgerial suplentario en el texto adjuntoDryland grazing sustains millions of people worldwide but, when poorly managed, threatens food security. Here we combine livestock and wild herbivore dung mass data from surveys at 760 dryland sites worldwide, representing independent measurements of herbivory, to generate high-resolution maps. We show that livestock and wild herbivore grazing is globally disconnected, and identify hotspots of herbivore activity across Africa, the Eurasian grasslands, India, Australia and the United States. Wild herbivore dung mass was negatively correlated with total organic nitrogen, yet strong site-level correlations exist between our livestock dung estimates and total soil organic nitrogen. Using dung mass as a proxy of herbivore abundance enables standardized, field-based measures of grazing pressure that account for different herbivore types. This can improve herbivore density modelling and guide better management practices for populations that rely on dryland-grazing livestock for food.D.J.E. is supported by the Hermon Slade Foundation. F.T.M. acknowledges support from the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology. We thank Z. Yuanjun for providing us with published papers and datasets from Chinese researchers.N
Enigma soberano. Obras en romance de diversos autores conservadas en la Biblioteca de Catalunya
No full textEl documento contiene el villancico a cinco voces a la Navidad titulado “¡Despertad, dormidos pastores!” del compositor Jorge de Andrade. Esta obra se conserva en la Biblioteca de Catalunya (Barcelona) bajo la signatura M 733/3. Se ofrece el texto poético de autor anónimo debidamente puntuado y con breves anotaciones, la partitura con la transcripción musical a notación moderna y varios datos de interés filológico y musicológico.El documento contiene el villancico a cinco voces a la Navidad titulado “¡Despertad, dormidos pastores!” del compositor Jorge de Andrade. Esta obra se conserva en la Biblioteca de Catalunya (Barcelona) bajo la signatura M 733/3. Se ofrece el texto poético de autor anónimo debidamente puntuado y con breves anotaciones, la partitura con la transcripción musical a notación moderna y varios datos de interés filológico y musicológico.Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)Universitat de Barcelona (UB)N
Enigma soberano. Obras en romance de diversos autores conservadas en la Biblioteca de Catalunya
No full textEste trabajo se inscribe dentro de la Base de datos “Digital Música Poética”, dirigida por Lola Josa, y que forma parte de la Federación “ASODAT. Bases de Datos Integradas del Teatro Clásico Español”, Proyecto coordinado por Alejandro García-Reidy y financiado por el Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades. “Digital Música Poética” forma parte del equipo investigador de “CATCOM/DICAT. Bases de datos sobre la práctica escénica en el Siglo de Oro (ASODAT tercera fase)”, cuya investigadora principal es Teresa Ferrer Valls (referencia PID2022-136431NB-C62).El documento contiene el villancico a tres voces al Santísimo Sacramento titulado “¡Hola, hao!, desdichada barquilla” de compositor anónimo. Esta obra se conserva en la Biblioteca de Catalunya (Barcelona) bajo la signatura M 737/66. Se ofrece el texto poético de autor anónimo debidamente puntuado y con breves anotaciones, la partitura con la transcripción musical a notación moderna y varios datos de interés filológico y musicológico.Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)Universitat de Barcelona (UB)N
Copper and zinc removal from anaerobic digestates via Sporosarcina pasteurii induced precipitation: Effect of volatile fatty acids on process performance
No full text16 Páginas.-- 6 Figuras.-- 4 TablasMicrobial induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) shows great potential for metals recovery from secondary sources, which is vital for circular economy. This study explores the feasibility of using Sporosarcina pasteurii for MICP to recover copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) from acidogenic anaerobic digestates at laboratory scale. Pre-cultured S. pasteurii was inoculated into solutions containing 20 g L-1 of urea and varying concentrations of Cu and Zn (0-25 mg L-1). The system was maintained at 30 °C with continuous agitation for seven days to assess Cu and Zn removal at initial pH values of 5, 6 and 7. The influence of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) on urea hydrolysis and Cu and Zn removal via S. pasteurii-induced MICP was evaluated by adding 3 g COD L-1 of acetic and propionic acids to metal solutions. Results showed that S. pasteurii enhanced Cu and Zn removal, with yields varying from 22% to 100% depending on the initial pH. In the presence of VFAs, Cu and Zn removal was significantly reduced (p < 0.05), however, only S. pasteurii-incubated samples exhibited Cu and Zn removal, indicating exclusive biological-driven removal. The primary mechanisms of action inferred for Cu and Zn removal in VFAs-spiked samples involved urea hydrolysis, which increased local pH and facilitated metals precipitation, as well as the adsorption of metal ions onto the negatively charged S. pasteurii cell wall. This study demonstrates the potential of S. pasteurii to enhance Cu and Zn removal from VFAs-containing media paving the way for a sustainable metals recovery alternative from waste streams.This study has received funding from the EU Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No 861088. Some of this work was supported by the IPGP multidisciplinary program PARI, and by Paris–IdF region SESAME Grant no. 12015908. CMRA acknowledges CIIMAR Strategic Funding UIDB/04423/2020 and UIDP/04423/2020 through FCT and FEDER.Peer reviewe
DFT-based, Monte Carlo and Grand Canonical Monte Carlo simulations of nitro-organic pollutants 4-nitrophenol, 2-nitrophenol, 9-nitroanthracene and nitrogen trifluoride interacting with water in zeolite imidazole framework (ZIF-8)
No full textWe report in this study the behaviour of adsorbed Nitrogen-volatile organic compounds (NVOCs) such as 2NP (2-Nitrophenol), 4NP (4-Nitrophenol), 9NAnt (9-Nitroanthracene), NF3 (Nitrogen trifluoride) with and without water in Zinc-Imidazolate Framework (ZIF-8) using the Density Functional Theory (DFT). The work considers both single and multiple molecular capture of different species of pollutants, along with theoretical research based on force fields to determine the maximum number of molecules that can be loaded inside the material. Negative adsorption energy is obtained when each pollutant is considered separately or in mixtures. The values range from −2.6 kJ/mol to −137.1 kJ/mol depending on the size of adsorbed species. Modelling of the adsorbed pollutants on ZIF-8 towards the use of the code CASTEP show the possible interaction with the imidazole rings of the bulk crystal. The interaction energy (Eint) indicates that the capture of 2NP and 4NP is more favourable with H2O than 9NAnt and NF3. More specifically, Eint corresponding to one water molecule with one pollutant (4NP, 2NP, 9NAnt, NF3) is −0.473, −5.580, +0.588, and +8.307 kJ/mol, respectively. The Connolly surface was calculated to gain a better understanding of the volume and surface accessibility of ZIF-8, which helps to predict and support CASTEP results. Finally, an isotherm study was conducted using a Monte Carlo simulation, which proved useful in interpreting the most probable mechanism of the competing mixed capture. The results obtained were similar to those provided by Density Functional Theory (DFT).This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No 872081”. The authors acknowledge the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades of Spain through the grants PID2020-112887GB-I00 and PID2020-113084GB-I00. The author acknowledges the CTI (CSIC) and CESGA and to the “Red Española de Computación” for the grant RES-AECT-2022-3-0006 and for computing facilities.Peer reviewe
The clustering of galaxies in the completed SDSS-III Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey: Observational systematics and baryon acoustic oscillations in the correlation function
No full textRoss, Ashley J. et al.-- Full list of authors: Ross, Ashley J.; Beutler, Florian; Chuang, Chia-Hsun; Pellejero-Ibanez, Marcos; Seo, Hee-Jong; Vargas-Magaña, Mariana; Cuesta, Antonio J.; Percival, Will J.; Burden, Angela; Sánchez, Ariel G.; Grieb, Jan Niklas; Reid, Beth; Brownstein, Joel R.; Dawson, Kyle S.; Eisenstein, Daniel J.; Ho, Shirley; Kitaura, Francisco-Shu; Nichol, Robert C.; Olmstead, Matthew D.; Prada, Francisco; Rodríguez-Torres, Sergio A.; Saito, Shun; Salazar-Albornoz, Salvador; Schneider, Donald P.; Thomas, Daniel; Tinker, Jeremy; Tojeiro, Rita; Wang, Yuting; White, Martin; Zhao, Gong-boWe present baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) scale measurements determined from the clustering of 1.2 million massive galaxies with redshifts 0.2 < z < 0.75 distributed over 9300 deg, as quantified by their redshift-space correlation function. In order to facilitate these measurements, we define, describe, and motivate the selection function for galaxies in the final data release (DR12) of the SDSS III Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS). This includes the observational footprint, masks for image quality and Galactic extinction, and weights to account for density relationships intrinsic to the imaging and spectroscopic portions of the survey. We simulate the observed systematic trends in mock galaxy samples and demonstrate that they impart no bias on BAO scale measurements and have a minor impact on the recovered statistical uncertainty. We measure transverse and radial BAO distance measurements in 0.2 < z < 0.5, 0.5 < z < 0.75, and (overlapping) 0.4 < z < 0.6 redshift bins. In each redshift bin, we obtain a precision that is 2.7 per cent or better on the radial distance and 1.6 per cent or better on the transverse distance. The combination of the redshift bins represents 1.8 per cent precision on the radial distance and 1.1 per cent precision on the transverse distance. This paper is part of a set that analyses the final galaxy clustering data set from BOSS. The measurements and likelihoods presented here are combined with others in Alam et al. to produce the final cosmological constraints from BOSS. © 2016 The AuthorsAJR is grateful for support from the Ohio State University Center for Cosmology and Particle Physics. Nearly all heavy computer processing made use of the facilities and staff of the UK
Sciama High Performance Computing cluster supported by the ICG,
SEPNet and the University of Portsmouth. Colours made possible
by http://matplotlib.org/examples/color/named_colors.html; figures made colourblind-friendly (hopefully) by use of Colour Oracle
software. CC acknowledges support as a MultiDark Fellow and from
the Spanish MICINNs Consolider-Ingenio 2010 Programme under
grant MultiDark CSD2009-00064, MINECO Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa Programme under grant SEV-2012-0249, and
grant AYA2014-60641-C2-1-P. MPI acknowledges support from MINECO under the grant AYA2012-39702-C02-01. HS’s work is
supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics under Award Number DE-SC0014329.
MV is partially supported by Programa de Apoyo a Proyectos de
Investigacion e Innovaci ´ on Tecnol ´ ogica (PAPITT) no. IA102516 ´
and Proyecto Conacyt Fronteras no. 281. Funding for SDSS-III
has been provided by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, the Participating Institutions, the National Science Foundation, and the US
Department of Energy Office of Science. The SDSS-III web site is
http://www.sdss3.org/.
SDSS-III is managed by the Astrophysical Research Consortium for the Participating Institutions of the SDSS-III Collaboration including the University of Arizona, the Brazilian Participation
Group, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Cambridge University,
Carnegie Mellon University, Case Western University, University
of Florida, Fermilab, the French Participation Group, the German
Participation Group, Harvard University, UC Irvine, Instituto de
Astrofisica de Andalucia, Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias, Institucio Catalana de Recerca y Estudis Avancat, Barcelona, Instituto
de Fisica Corpuscular, the Michigan State/Notre Dame/JINA Participation Group, Johns Hopkins University, Korean Institute for Advanced Study, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max Planck
Institute for Astrophysics, Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial
Physics, New Mexico State University, New York University, Ohio
State University, Pennsylvania State University, University of Pittsburgh, University of Portsmouth, Princeton University, UC Santa
Cruz, the Spanish Participation Group, Texas Christian University, Trieste Astrophysical Observatory University of Tokyo/IPMU,
University of Utah, Vanderbilt University, University of Virginia,
University of Washington, University of Wisconsin and Yale
University
An updated review on carbon nanomaterials: Types, synthesis, functionalization and applications, degradation and toxicity
No full textAs carbon-based nanomaterials have such remarkable physical, chemical, and electrical capabilities, they have become a major focus of materials science study. A thorough examination of several carbon nanomaterial varieties, such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, fullerenes, and carbon nanodiamonds, is given in this review work. These materials all have distinctive qualities that qualify them for particular uses. This work starts by examining the synthesis processes of these nanomaterials, outlining the ways by which they are made and the variables affecting their ultimate characteristics. The specific features of each kind of carbon nanomaterial will then be briefly discussed in this study, along with their size, structure, and special physical and chemical properties. These materials have a wide range of possible uses in several fields. They are employed in the electronics industry to fabricate sensors, high-speed transistors, and other devices. Their high surface area and electrical conductivity make them useful in energy storage devices like supercapacitors and batteries. They are applied to environmental remediation and water purification in environmental science. They are employed in biomedicine for biosensing, bioimaging, and medication delivery. Notwithstanding the encouraging uses, the large-scale synthesis and functionalization of carbon nanomaterials present several difficulties. This review discusses the importance of carbon nanomaterials by studying their multifaceted properties and potential applications in industries. The novelty of this work lies in its detailed examination of the degradation and toxicity of these materials, which is essential for their safe integration into various technological and biomedical applications. By thoroughly analysing recent experimental results, this review aims to bridge the gap between fundamental research and practical applications
Source-Dependent Absorption Angstrom Exponent in the Los Angeles Basin: Multi-time Resolution Factor Analyses of Ambient PM2.5 and Aerosol Optical Absorption
No full textThe circumstellar disc around the Herbig AeBe star HD169142
No full textWe present 7 mm and 3.5 cm wavelength continuum observations towards the Herbig AeBe star HD169142 performed with the Very Large Array (VLA) with an angular resolution of ≃1 arcsec. We find that this object exhibits strong (≃4.4 mJy), unresolved (≲1 arcsec) 7 mm continuum emission, being one of the brightest isolated Herbig AeBe stars ever detected with the VLA at this wavelength. No emission is detected at 3.5 cm continuum, with a 3σ upper limit of ≃0.08 mJy. From these values, we obtain a spectral index α≳ 2.5 in the 3.5 cm to 7 mm wavelength range, indicating that the observed flux density at 7 mm is most likely dominated by thermal dust emission coming from a circumstellar disc. We use available photometric data from the literature to model the spectral energy distribution (SED) of this object from radio to near-ultraviolet frequencies. The observed SED can be understood in terms of an irradiated accretion disc with low mass accretion rate, surrounding a star with an age of ≃10 Myr. We infer that the mass of the disc is ≃0.04 M⊙, and is populated by dust grains that have grown to a maximum size of 1 mm everywhere, consistent with the lack of silicate 10 μm emission. These features, as well as indications of settling in the wall at the dust destruction radius, led us to speculate that the disc of HD169142 is in an advanced stage of dust evolution, particularly in its inner regions. © 2005 RAS.We deeply thank the referee for her/his very stimulating comments
and suggestions, which have been most useful in improving the
scientific content of this paper. GA, MO and JMT are supported
in part by Spanish AYA2002-00376 and AYA2005-08523 grants.
GA and MO acknowledge partial support from Junta de Andaluc´ıa,
Spain. MO acknowledges support from IAU Peter Gruber Foundation and MAE-AECI. We thank Gwendolyn Meeus for providing
us the original ISO data
