374472 research outputs found
Sort by
Consulta transfronteriza de la República Francesa sobre sus POEM y su estrategia de fachada marítima_Aspectos ambientales
No full textN
Invasion legacy weakens the positive effect of plant genotype diversity on soil multifunctionality
No full text14 páginas.- 5 figuras.- referencias.- The online version contains supplementary material available at https://doi.
org/10.1007/s11104-025-07697-9Background and aims
Plant diversity at both the species and genotype level can enhance multiple ecosystem functions (multifunctionality). How this diversity-multifunctionality relationship can be modulated by global changes such as plant invasions that alter soil biotic and abiotic processes, however, is not well understood.
Methods
We conducted a two-phase experiment to test the effect of soil legacy of a widespread invasive plant, Spartina alterniflora, on the relationship between soil multifunctionality and genotype diversity of a native foundational species, Scirpus mariqueter. We further sequenced soil bacterial and fungal communities to examine their roles in the genotype diversity-soil multifunctionality relationship.
Results
We found that higher genotype diversity of the native plant led to higher soil multifunctionality, but this positive effect disappeared in soils conditioned by the invader. This was primarily because the invasion legacy disrupted the relationships between plant genotype diversity, fungal network complexity and soil multifunctionality.
Conclusion
Overall, our study suggests that plant invasion can influence the relationship between plant genotype diversity and soil multifunctionality through soil-legacy effects. These findings highlight the importance of considering the context-dependence of plant diversity-multifunctionality relationships under global change.The study was funded by National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFC2601100), National Natural Science Foundation of China (32030067), Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai Municipality (24ZR1464800), Department of Science and Technology of Yunnan Province (202405AS350011) and Talent Scientific Fund of Lanzhou University.Peer reviewe
annarlandim_methods_results_ESM.pdf from Functional connectivity of animal-dispersed plant communities depends on the interacting effects of network specialization and resource diversity
No full textSupplementary Methods and Supplementary Results.Peer reviewe
Reduced blood EPAC1 protein levels as a marker of severe coronary artery disease: the role of hypoxic foam cell-transformed smooth muscle cells
No full textVascular smooth muscle cells loaded with cholesterol (foam-VSMCs) play a crucial role in the progression of human atherosclerosis. Exchange Protein Directly Activated by cAMP 1 (EPAC1) is a critical protein in the regulation of vascular tone, endothelial function, and inflammation. Our objectives were to identify proteins specifically secreted by foam human coronary VSMCs (foam-hcVSMC) to evaluate their potential as circulating biomarkers for diagnosing coronary artery disease (CAD), and to ascertain the mechanisms underlying their levels in the blood of patients with CAD.Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Nature. The development of this project was financially supported by FIS PI21/01523 and FIS PI24/00618 (to VLl-C) from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) and co-financed by ERDFs. Eduardo Garcia (FPU21/01173) and Maria Teresa LaChica (FPU22/01888) are predoctoral fellows funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation, and Universities in Spain. Aleyda Benitez Amaro (ABA) is a postdoctoral fellow funded by Programme Contratos Predoctorales de Formación en Investigación en Salud (FI19/00205) from ISCIII and co-financed by ERDFs. Anna Polischuk is a postdoctoral researcher funded by the collaborative program CSIC-UCRANIA (UCRAN20011). Our team is part of CIBER Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV; CB16/11/00276 to VLl-C and DV) and CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM, CB07/08/0016 to JCE-G), projects run by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Additionally, our group participates in the Redes de Investigación (Enfermedades Metabólicas y Cáncer RED2018-102799-T), a project funded by MINECO. We are also recognized by Generalitat de Catalunya (2021 SGR 00834). The IR-SANTPAU is a center of the CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya.Peer reviewe
Do weekends matter in unraveling the impact of acute temperature exposure on the risk of daily mortality?
No full textThe “weekend effect” in healthcare refers to the phenomenon where patients admitted to hospitals on weekends tend to have worse outcomes compared to those admitted on working days, likely due to limited resources, more severe cases, and changes in staffing or shifts (Kostis et al., 2007; Roberts et al., 2015). Time-series analyses investigating temperature–mortality relationships in environmental epidemiology typically account for day-of-week variations (Gasparrini and Armstrong, 2010). However, the potential modifying effect of the weekend remains unexplored. This study aims to offer insights into the potential impact of weekend effect modification on temperature–mortality associations.KW received funding from the Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (KAKENHI) by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) (24K23680 and 25K20622). TO received funding from the KAKENHI by the JSPS (23K15682).Peer reviewe
Experimental approaches to field survey in the Pacific for studying European colonialism
No full text[ES] Este trabajo detalla las metodologías de prospección empleadas por el proyecto Networks Across Oceania (NAO) para reevaluar el impacto de los primeros contactos europeos (siglos XVI y XVII). Nuestros casos de estudio, Moturiki (Fiyi), Alofi (Wallis y Futuna) y Rota (Mancomunidad de las Islas Marianas del Norte ) son únicos por la variedad de sus experiencias coloniales (directas e indirectas, tempranas y breves o de larga duración), sus trayectorias históricas y sus geografías. Ese objetivo se logra con metodologías de prospección arqueológica que definen un panorama completo del patrón de uso del territorio en las costas e interior de cada isla a lo largo del tiempo. La metodología combina estrategias selectivas (topografía, conocimiento local) y prospecciones sistemáticas aleatorias estratificadas, adaptadas a las características geográficas y sociales de cada isla. Se realizaron estudios de campo en Moturiki entre 2008 y 2010, en Alofi en 2019, y en Rota en 2022 y 2024. El importante número de sitios arqueológicos identificados revela patrones de asentamiento, prácticas agrícolas y la transformación del paisaje desde tiempos precoloniales hasta la actualidad. Subrayamos la necesidad de adaptar las metodologías arqueológicas a las condiciones geográficas y culturales de las islas, para superar sesgos occidentales sobre el uso del espacio y la accesibilidad del territorio. El proyecto NAO destaca por ser experimental, combinando herramientas modernas con conocimientos previos y locales, para obtener una visión holística y diacrónica del territorio antes y después del contacto europeo en Oceanía.[EN] This paper details the survey methodologies used by the Networks Across Oceania (NAO) Project to reevaluate the impact of the earliest European contacts (16th and 17th centuries). Our case studies, Moturiki (Fiyi), Alofi (Wallis and Futuna) and Rota (Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands) are key due to the variety of colonial experiences that they represent (direct and indirect, early and brief, or long-term), their historical trajectories, and their geographies. Our goal is achieved through methodologies of archaeological survey that define complete patterns of use of the territory, both inland and on the coastal fringes, throughout time. The methodology combines selective strategies (topography, local knowledge) and systematic random stratified surveys, adapted to the geographic and social characteristics on each island. We carried out field work on Moturiki in 2008 and 2010, on Alofi in 2019, and on Rota in 2022 and 2024. The large number of sites identified reveals settlement patterns, agricultural practices and the transformation of the landscape since prehistory to the present. We highlight the need to adapt archaeological methodologies to the geographic and cultural features of the islands, to overcome western biases about the use of space and accessibility. The NAO project is an experimental research, combining modern tools with previous local knowledge, to obtain a diachronic and holistic picture of the territory before and after European colonialism.María Cruz Berrocal, con participación de los tres co-autores (JGS, AUG, IGM) ha liderado los proyectos base de este trabajo: 2024-2026 NGS-99765R-23, National Geographic Society; 2018-2023 Research Grants Programme–Individual Proposal GZ: CR 613/1-1. Projektnummer 395237127. Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG); 2010 SGIPCE/AMC/cmm (Arqueología exterior), Ministerio de Cultura de España; 2008 Pacific Rim Program, University of California, 08 T PRRP 01 0012 (con la Dra. Margaret Conkey).Peer reviewe
Plasmon-enhanced photothermal sensing through coupled VO2/Au nanodisks
No full textVanadium dioxide (VO2) exhibits a remarkable insulator to metal transition at 68 °C, accompanied by a significant change in electrical resistivity by several orders of magnitude. This distinctive property has led to proposals for its application as photodetectors or bolometers, leveraging the sensitivity of its resistance to temperature variations induced by absorbed photons. In this study, we demonstrate that the insulator to metal transition in VO2 thin film is facilitated by orderly arrays of Au nanodisks embedded within the material. Direct optical visualization at the submicron scale when the nanodisks are illuminated near their plasmon resonance with a λ = 1.5 µm laser beam shows that the laser power required to induce the transition is reduced by 30 % in the presence of Au nanodisks. With the aid of numerical simulations, we consider the mechanisms driving the transition finding that the localized dipolar pattern of the electromagnetic field surrounding the nanodisks penetrates deeply inside the VO2, thereby being the primary cause of the modifications in the transition conditions.Z.F. acknowledges the Chinese Scholarship Council (CSC) for the grant of the PhD thesis. A.G.-M. acknowledges financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MCIN), AEI and FEDER (UE) through projects PID2022–137569NB-C41 (Lightcompas) and TED2021–131417B-I00 (BIGPLAN-6 G).The authors declare no competing financial interest. The authors thank Dongjiu Zhang for his help in XRD measurements.Peer reviewe
Evolutionary Dynamics of RuBisCO: Emergence of the Small Subunit and its Impact Through Time
No full textRibulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO) is an ancient protein critical for CO2-fixation and global biogeochemistry. Form-I RuBisCO complexes uniquely harbor small subunits that form a hexadecameric complex together with their large subunits. The small subunit protein is thought to have significantly contributed to RuBisCO's response to the atmospheric rise of O2 ∼2.5 billion years ago, marking a pivotal point in the enzyme's evolutionary history. Here, we performed a comprehensive evolutionary analysis of extant and ancestral RuBisCO sequences and structures to explore the impact of the small subunit's earliest integration on the molecular dynamics of the overall complex. Our simulations suggest that the small subunit restricted the conformational flexibility of the large subunit early in its history, impacting the evolutionary trajectory of the Form-I RuBisCO complex. Molecular dynamics investigations of CO2 and O2 gas distribution around predicted ancient RuBisCO complexes suggest that a proposed "CO2-reservoir" role for the small subunit is not conserved throughout the enzyme's evolutionary history. The evolutionary and biophysical response of RuBisCO to changing atmospheric conditions on ancient Earth showcase multi-level and trackable responses of enzymes to environmental shifts over long timescales.This work was supported by the NASA Exobiology Program [NNH23ZDA001N] with additional support from the Human Frontier Science Program (HFSP) [RGY0072/2021], the NASA Interdisciplinary Consortia for Astrobiology Research (ICAR) Program [80NSSC17K0296] and the Hypothesis Fund. B.C.Z acknowledges the Margarita Salas Postdoctoral Fellowship, founded by the Unión Europea—Next Generation EU (B.C.Z.; UP2021-035).Peer reviewe
Impacts of Belo Monte dam on fish co-occurrence and artisanal fishing
No full textThe operation of large hydroelectric dams, such as Belo Monte in the Brazilian Amazon, significantly disrupts local freshwater ecosystems, impacting the socio-economic fabric and food security of dependent communities. To investigate and simulate future dam-induced impacts on fish species crucial for subsistence and artisanal fishing, this study leveraged subsistence fishing data from four areas of the Xingu River: the reservoir, upstream, the de-watered reach, and downstream. Using network analysis and graph theory, we examined the temporal and spatial variations in fish species composition, focusing on species that co-occur in fishing catches and their ecological roles within the network. Results showed a 34 % reduction in total biomass, from 8442.51 kg (2012-2015) to 5537.42 kg (2016-2020). The analysis revealed marked changes in species diversity and catch composition, with substantial shifts in heavily altered regions. For instance, in the de-watered reach, traditional species such as curimatã (Prochilodontidae) were replaced by others like pacu (Serrasalmidae), reflecting ecological shifts and the replacement of a detritivorous species by an omnivorous one. Directed simulations projected the dynamics of species loss, revealing significant alterations in co-occurrence patterns and network centrality, particularly in the de-watered reach. These simulations demonstrated that species such as pacu, pescada (Sciaenidae), and tucunaré (Cichlidae) remained central to the network despite ongoing ecological transformations. While this study provides valuable insights into environmental shifts, the absence of direct socio-economic data highlights the need for future research to understand the broader impacts on artisanal fisheries better. These results underscore the profound transformations in fish diversity and emphasize the critical need for adaptive management strategies to mitigate these impacts, ensuring the resilience of local fishing communities. While our findings offer valuable ecological insights, the absence of direct socio-economic data highlights the need for future research to better understand the broader impacts of hydroelectric dams on artisanal fisheries.This work was carried out with the support of the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel - Brazil (CAPES) - Finance Code 001. PFML (302365/2022–2) and PMF (312450/2021–4 and 406941/2022–0) thank CNPq for productivity grants. PFML was also supported by a grant of the Romanian Ministry of Research, Innovation and Digitalization (#760054 - JUST4MPA), within PNRR-III-C9-2022-I8. A-OA was supported by a Ramon y Cajal postdoctoral grant funded by the Ministry of Science and Innovation (Programa Estatal Ayudas para contratación Ramon y Cajal, 2023–2028; grant no. RYC2023-043454-I). This research was conducted as part of the activities of the “Maria de Maeztu Centre of Excellence” accreditation to IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB) (CEX2021-001198), supported by the Spanish Government. This work is an initiative of the ECOMAR Network, “Evaluation and monitoring of marine ecosystem services in Iberoamérica” (project number 417RT0528) funded by the CYTED program.With funding from the Spanish government through the "Maria de Maeztu Centre of Excellence" accreditation (CEX2021-001198).Peer reviewe
Drone-based RGB, thermal, and multispectral datasets for application with MosaicSeadron
No full text[Description of methods used for collection/generation of data] Three different drones were used for data acquisition, equipped with different sensors:
i) The quadcopter DJI Matrice 300 (M300) is equipped with both the MicaSense RedEdge-MX dual multispectral sensor and the DJI Zenmuse H20T sensor. The multispectral sensor has ten bands that capture information from the visible to near-infrared (NIR) range, with wavelengths centered, respectively, at the blue (444 and 475 nm), green (531 and 560 nm), red (650 and 668 nm), red edge (705, 717 and 740 nm), and NIR (842 nm) regions. In addition, it includes a Downwelling Light Sensor (DLS2) to account for changes in solar angle and illumination during flight. A calibration panel (RP04-1924106-0B) was used before each UAV flight for radiometric calibration. The DJI Zenmuse H20T sensor includes a 20-megapixel (MP) optical RGB Zoom sensor with a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) 1/2.7″, a 12 MP optical RGB wide angle sensor with a CMOS 1/2.3″, and an Uncooled VOx Microbolometer thermal sensor with a focal length of 13.5 mm, capturing 640 × 512 pixel image resolution. The M300 has on-board real-time kinematic (RTK) technology to enhance georeferencing accuracy, achieving 1 cm ± 1 ppm (horizontal) and 1.5 cm ± 1 ppm (vertical) accuracies when RTK is enabled and fixed.
ii) The DJI Phantom 4 Pro (P4P) is equipped with the MicaSense RedEdge-MX sensor, including five bands on the electromagnetic spectrum, namely, in the blue (475 nm), green (560 nm), red (668 nm), red edge (717 nm), and NIR (842 nm) regions. This sensor also includes the DLS and is mounted using a 10° 3D-printed mount, resulting in a direct nadir viewing angle while in flight. The P4P does not have RTK technology on board, so the vertical and horizontal georeferencing accuracies are ±0.1 m and ±0.3 m (with vision positioning) and ±0.5 m and ±1.5 m (with GPS positioning), respectively.
iii) The DJI Mavic 2 Enterprise Advanced (M2EA) is equipped with an extra RTK module to ensure accurate georeferencing. It features a 48 MP, 1/2″ CMOS optical RGB sensor and a 640 × 512 px Uncooled VOx Microbolometer thermal sensor. This RTK quadcopter achieves a horizontal accuracy of 1 cm ± 1 ppm and a vertical accuracy of 1.5 cm ± 1 ppm, without the requirement of ground control points (GCPs).[Environmental/experimental conditions] Data acquisition was attempted to be carried out during spring tide and clear sky weather conditions. In the vast majority of study areas, this was possible except in the Antarctic locations where cloudiness and wind conditions prevailed during the sampling days. In the flights conducted over the San Pedro River and Estepona, strong winds also hindered the execution of the intended UAV surveys. Flight missions were planned using the Universal Ground Control System (UgCS) client mission planning software (SPH Engineering, Riga, Latvia, v.4.2.156) and Pix4D Capture Pro software (Pix4D SA, Lausanne, Switzerland, v.4.12), taking into account different overlapping settings, altitudes, and flight orientations, which are displayed in Table 1 along with the dates of drone survey execution. To support RTK measurements and improve georeferencing accuracies, a Reach RS2+ RTK GNSS antenna (EMLID) was set as the base station for all drone surveys. Spanish (Spanish Agency for Aviation Safety, AESA), European (European Agency for Aviation Safety, EASA), and U.S. (Federal Aviation Administration, FAA) civil aviation regulations were followed during all UAV operations.This repository contains the original RAW data captured by a drone equipped with RGB, thermal, and multispectral sensors, which were used to obtain the results published in Román et al. 2024 (DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16020290). The repository also aims to make drone‑acquired datasets from various regions of the world - namely Antarctica, southern Europe, and the United States - readily available for running the pioneering georeferencing and mosaicking algorithm "MosaicSeadron" (https://github.com/SeadroneICMAN/MosaicSeadron/). This open‑source Python algorithm overcomes the main limitations of traditional photogrammetric techniques when working with drones over water surfaces. Indeed, it represents a significant advance in monitoring marine and coastal processes by introducing an innovative, efficient, and accurate workflow that improves local‑scale remote observation of aquatic environments.This research has been funded by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme REWRITE project (grant number 101081357), PY20-00244 (SAT4ALGAE) PROJECT and TURISDRON (PROYEXCEL 00052) project by Junta de Andalucía, RTI2018-098048B-100 (PiMetAn), PID2021-1257830B-100 (DICHOSO), and EQC2018-004275-P and TED2021-129230B-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by ‘ERDF A way of making Europe’. The research that led to this publication was conducted with the support of a US–Spain Fulbright grant and of the Junta de Andalucía. A.R. is supported by grant FPU19/04557 funded by Ministry of Universities of the Spanish Government. This research has been financially supported by the agreement between the Spanish Ministry for Ecological Transition and Demographic Challenge and CSIC, funded by the European Union-Next Generation Program to contribute to the MSFD. This work represents a contribution to CSIC Thematic Interdisciplinary Platform PTI TELEDETECT.File List: 6 folders: Dataset 1 - San Pedro river_20230621; Dataset 2 - San Pedro river_20230724; Dataset 3 - Estepona_20230128; Dataset 4 - Guadalquivir river_20230322; Dataset 5 - Whalers Bay_20220130; Dataset 6 - Fumarole Bay_20220201Peer reviewe