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Correction for reverberation time in acoustic measurements from service and equipment - Comparison between different methods
No full textThe measured values of the sound pressure level in ordinary rooms in dwellings vary depending on the combined effect of the absorption and the scattering of the furniture, or to the presence of absorbent surfaces on walls and ceilings. Regarding the measurement of noise from building services, ISO 16032 and ISO 10052 methods allow to normalize the sound pressure levels to a reference reverberation time of 0,5s. Several European countries incorporate this reverberation time correction into their regulations. However, Spanish regulations, specifically RD 1367/2007, and the majority of regional decrees and ordinances concerning the evaluation of noise from activities or equipment within buildings, do not incorporate this correction, even when measurements are performed in two scenarios: before the building's occupation when rooms are empty, or when the building is fully furnished, as may occur in the case of complaints. For that reason, this study compares the values of the reverberation time index obtained in 180 residential rooms using various methods while also evaluating the benefits and drawbacks of their application.Peer reviewe
Noise from Service Equipment in Residential Buildings and Hospitals - Regulations in selected countries in Europe
No full textNoise from service equipment can cause disturbances for both occupants and nearby residents. This paper describes the regulatory limits set by various European countries regarding noise from HVAC systems and other installations in residential buildings and hospital bedrooms. It is observed that the descriptors used are, in some cases, different from each other and therefore not always directly comparable. Very often the main differences are found in the verification procedures and descriptors rather than in the limit values. The regulations in each country define the necessary requirements and provide reference values for the design phase, while standards specify the measurement methods to be applied for field tests to ensure compliance with the requirements.Peer reviewe
Timberline Patterns and Dynamics Depend on Forest Type, Regional Climate, and Topography in the Cantabrian Mountains (Spain)
No full text[Questions] Forest timberlines are globally influenced by climatic and anthropogenic factors, with regional differences in species composition, spatial patterns, and temporal dynamics. We studied mountain forests in a climatically heterogeneous region to analyze (I) the distribution and structure of the timberline across local climatic and topographic gradients, and (II) the temporal dynamics of regional timberlines over the last 70 years and their drivers.[Location] Cantabrian Mountains, Northwestern Spain.[Methods] We used local vegetation maps describing habitat distributions with high spatial and thematic resolution to characterize montane forest types forming natural timberlines. We assessed the elevation distribution of the timberline for each forest type and fitted generalized linear models to analyze their main environmental and anthropogenic drivers at the regional scale. We also examined current and historical aerial imagery to explore timberline changes since the 1950s and fitted generalized linear mixed models to evaluate their driving factors.[Results] The elevation of regional timberlines varied from 1700 to 2000 m, with the highest elevations found in Betula celtiberica and Quercus orocantabrica forests. Regional variation of timberline was primarily influenced by mean annual temperature and solar radiation, and secondarily by the distance to roads. We detected upward shifts of timberlines dominated by Betula celtiberica (10.9 ± 11.6 m), Quercus petraea (7.7 ± 8.5 m), and Fagus sylvatica on acid (6.4 ± 9.2 m) and non-acid (3.0 ± 3.9 m) soils, while Quercus orocantabrica forests largely remained unchanged. Beyond the forest type, elevation shifts were mainly explained by northness, eastness, and slope.[Conclusions] Our study indicates that within-regional variation in spatial patterns and dynamics of timberlines is primarily determined by the forest type and its relationships with climate and topography. We also provide evidence of the continentality–oceanity gradient in determining the elevation of the natural timberline in middle latitudes. Although higher timberline elevations are reached under continental conditions, stronger upward shifts of regional timberlines under oceanic conditions may be explained by the dispersal abilities of Betula species.This work was supported by Jardín Botánico Atlántico de Gijón/Xixón (SV-23-GIJÓN-JBA), grant “Laboratorio de Vegetación y Biodiversidad” (IDE/2024/000720, Principality of Asturias-Sekuens-EU-FEDER) and Spanish Research Agency (PID2019-108636GA-100). JVR-D has been supported by LANDSUSFIRE project (PID2022-139156OB-C22), Spanish National Research Agency, Ministry of Science and Innovation, and the European Regional Development Fund.Peer reviewe
Modulation of the photobehavior of gefitinib and its phenolic metabolites by human transport proteins
No full textThe photobiological damage that certain drugs or their metabolites can photosensitize in proteins is generally associated with the nature of the excited species that are generated upon interaction with UVA light. In this regard, the photoinduced damage of the anticancer drug gefitinib (GFT) and its two main photoactive metabolites GFT-M1 and GFT-M2 in cellular milieu was recently investigated. With this background, the photophysical properties of both the drug and its metabolites have now been studied in the presence of the two main transport proteins of human plasma, i.e., serum albumin (HSA) and α1-acid glycoprotein (HAG) upon UVA light excitation. In general, the observed photobehavior was strongly affected by the confined environment provided by the protein. Thus, GFT-M1 (which exhibits the highest phototoxicity) showed the highest fluorescence yield arising from long-lived HSA-bound phenolate-like excited species. Conversely, locally excited (LE) states were formed within HAG, resulting in lower fluorescence yields. The reserve was true for GFT-M2, which despite being also a phenol, led mainly to formation of LE states within HSA, and phenolate-like species (with a minor contribution of LE) inside HAG. Finally, the parent drug GFT, which is known to form LE states within HSA, exhibited a parallel behavior in the two proteins. In addition, determination of the association constants by both absorption and emission spectroscopy revealed that the two metabolites bind stronger to HSA than the parent drug, whereas smaller differences were observed for HAG. This was further confirmed by studying the competing interactions between GFT or its metabolites with the two proteins using fluorescence measurements. These above experimental findings were satisfactorily correlated with the results obtained by means of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, which revealed the high affinity binding sites, the strength of interactions and the involved amino acid residues. In general, the differences observed in the photobehavior of the drug and its two photoactive metabolites in protein media are consistent with their relative photosensitizing potentials.The author(s) declare that financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. Grants PID2020-115010RB-I00 and PID2022-136963OB-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, grant CIAICO/2021/061 funded by Conselleria d’Innovació, Universitats, Ciència i Societat Digital and grant AP2022-5 funded by Programa d'Accions Preparatòries UV-La Fe. Grants from the Xunta de Galicia [ED431C 2021/29 and the Centro singular de investigación de Galicia accreditation 2019-2022 (ED431G 2019/03), CG-B], and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)
Ground-based transit observations of the HAT-P-18, HAT-P-19, HAT-P-27/WASP40 andWASP-21 systems
No full textSeeliger, M. et al.--Full list of authors: Seeliger, M.; Kitze, M.; Errmann, R.; Richter, S.; Ohlert, J. M.; Chen, W. P.; Guo, J. K.; Göğüş, E.; Güver, T.; Aydın, B.; Mottola, S.; Hellmich, S.; Fernandez, M.; Aceituno, F. J.; Dimitrov, D.; Kjurkchieva, D.; Jensen, E.; Cohen, D.; Kundra, E.; Pribulla, T.; Vaňko, M.; Budaj, J.; Mallonn, M.; Wu, Z. -Y.; Zhou, X.; Raetz, St.; Adam, C.; Schmidt, T. O. B.; Ide, A.; Mugrauer, M.; Marschall, L.; Hackstein, M.; Chini, R.; Haas, M.; Ak, T.; Güzel, E.; Özdönmez, A.; Ginski, C.; Marka, C.; Schmidt, J. G.; Dincel, B.; Werner, K.; Dathe, A.; Greif, J.; Wolf, V.; Buder, S.; Pannicke, A.; Puchalski, D.; Neuhäuser, R.As part of our ongoing effort to investigate transit timing variations (TTVs) of known exoplanets, we monitored transits of the four exoplanets HAT-P-18b, HAT-P-19b, HAT-P-27b/WASP-40b and WASP-21b. All of them are suspected to show TTVs due to the known properties of their host systems based on the respective discovery papers. During the past three years 46 transit observations were carried out, mostly using telescopes of the Young Exoplanet Transit Initiative. The analyses are used to refine the systems' orbital parameters. In all cases we found no hints for significant TTVs, or changes in the system parameters inclination, fractional stellar radius and planet-to-star radius ratio. However, comparing our results with those available in the literature shows that we can confirm the already published values. © 2015 The Authors Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society.All the participating observatories appreciate the logistic and financial support of their institutions and in particular their technical workshops. MS would like to thank all participating YETI telescopes for their observations, as well as G. Maciejewski and the anonymous referee for helpful comments on this work. JGS, AP, and RN would like to thank the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) for support in the Collaborative Research Center Sonderforschungsbereich SFB TR 7 ‘Gravitationswellenastronomie’. RE, MK, SR and RN would like to thank the DFG for support in the Priority Programme SPP 1385 on the First ten Million years of the Solar system in projects NE 515/34-1 and -2. RN would like to acknowledge financial support from the Thuringian government (B 515-07010) for the STK CCD camera (Jena 0.6 m) used in this project. MM and CG thank DFG in project MU 2695/13-1. The research of DD and DK was supported partly by funds of projects DO 02-362, DO 02-85 and DDVU 02/40-2010 of the Bulgarian Scientific Foundation, as well as project RD-08-261 of Shumen University. Z-YU was supported by the Chinese National Natural Science Foundation grant no. 11373033. The research of RC, MH and MH is supported as a project of the Nordrhein-Westfälische Akademie der Wissenschaften und Künste in the framework of the academy programme by the Federal Republic of Germany and the state Nordrhein-Westfalen. MF acknowledges financial support from grants AYA2011-30147-C03-01 of the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO), cofunded with EU FEDER funds, and 2011 FQM 7363 of the Consejería de Economía, Innovación, Ciencia y Empleo (Junta de Andalucía, Spain). We also wish to thank the TÜBİTAK National Observatory (TUG) for supporting this work through project numbers 12BT100-324-0 and 12CT100-388 using the T100 telescope. MS thanks D. Keeley, M. M. Hohle and H. Gilbert for supporting the observations at the University Observatory Jena. This research has made use of NASA's Astrophysics Data System. This research is based on observations obtained with telescopes of the University Observatory Jena, which is operated by the Astrophysical Institute of the Friedrich-Schiller-University. This work has been supported in part by Istanbul University under project number 39742, by a VEGA Grant 2/0143/14 of the Slovak Academy of Sciences and by the joint fund of Astronomy of the National Science Foundation of China and the Chinese Academy of Science under grants U1231113.Peer reviewe
Uncovering the nanoscopic humidity igression in multifunctional addivated halide perovskites
Full text linkSulfur-based multifunctional additives are attractive for increasing not only the device power conversion efficiency but also the moisture stability of perovskite solar cells. The stability of the device against external and internal stress plays a pivotal role in the commercial endeavor of emerging technologies such as perovskite photovoltaics. However, the potential of sulfur-based additives remains largely unexplored for perovskite solar cell fabrication. Here, a mechanism is deduced for the local nanoscopic humidity ingression into a multifunctional additiviated formamidinium-loaded halide perovskites. By tuning the iodide and bromide tails of the additives, the influence of sulfur heteroatom containing ammonium-amidinium salts on the photo-physical and device properties of a formamidinium-rich perovskite absorber is uncovered. In addition, the process of strong water adsorption is excluded through the proton-migration mechanism, thereby significantly improving the moisture resistance of perovskite films. The high crystallinity and long lifetime decay allow a higher PCE of 25.14% to be achieved compared to the control at 22.49%, along with improved long-term stability by retaining 99.6% of the initial PCE after 1000 h.This work received funding from the European Union H2020 Programme under a European Research Council Consolidator grant [MOLEMAT, 726360], the National Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 22379049), the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No. 2022M711236). Support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation INTERACTION {PID2021-129085OB-I00}) as well as by the French ANR (ANR-18-CE05-0021-01) and the Region Nouvelle Aquitaine (STRIPE project no. 2019-1R1M08) is also acknowledged. X.S. acknowledges support by the CSC (contract 202204910093). The authors acknowledge Franjo Weber for the support in performing KPFM measurements. The authors would like to thank SGIker facilities of the University of Basque Country.Peer reviewe
The Effect of Radiation and Supernovae Feedback on LyC Escape in Local Star-forming Galaxies
No full textCarr, Cody A. et al.-- Full list of authors: Carr, Cody A.; Cen, Renyue; Scarlata, Claudia; Xu, Xinfeng; Henry, Alaina; Marques-Chaves, Rui; Schaerer, Daniel; Amorín, Ricardo O.; Oey, M. S.; Komarova, Lena; Flury, Sophia; Jaskot, Anne; Saldana-Lopez, Alberto; Ji, Zhiyuan; Huberty, Mason; Heckman, Timothy; Östlin, Göran; Bait, Omkar; Hayes, Matthew James; Thuan, Trinh; Ravindranath, Swara; Berg, Danielle A.; Giavalisco, Mauro; Rutkowski, Michael; Borthakur, Sanchayeeta; Chisholm, John; Ferguson, Harry C.; Michel-Dansac, Leo; Verhamme, Anne; Worseck, GáborFeedback is widely recognized as an essential condition for Lyman continuum (LyC) escape in star-forming galaxies. However, the mechanisms by which galactic outflows clear neutral gas and dust remain unclear. In this paper, we model the Mg II 2796 Å, 2804 Å absorption and emission lines in 29 galaxies taken from the Low-z LyC Survey to investigate the impact of (radiation and mechanical) feedback on LyC escape. Using constraints on Mg+ and photoionization models, we map the outflows' neutral hydrogen content and predict with a multiphase wind model. We measure mass-, momentum, and energy loading factors for the neutral winds, which carry up to 10% of the momentum and 1% of the energy in star formation rate (SFR)-based deposition rates. We use spectral energy distribution template fitting to determine the relative ages of stellar populations, allowing us to identify radiation feedback dominant systems. We then examine feedback related properties (stellar age, loading factors, etc.) under conditions that optimize feedback efficiency, specifically high-SFR surface density and compactness. Our findings indicate that the strongest leakers are radiation feedback dominant, lack deep Mg II absorption features, but have extended broad components in higher-ionization lines like [O III] 5007 Å, as observed by Amorín et al. In contrast, galaxies experiencing supernovae feedback typically exhibit weaker and show evidence of outflows in both Mg II and higher-ionization lines. We attribute these findings to enhanced LyC escape facilitated by turbulence and cloud fragmentation in intense radiation fields, prolonged in low-metallicity environments experiencing delayed supernova feedback. © 2025. The Author(s).We thank the anonymous referee for their detailed reading of
the manuscript and valuable suggestions, which have significantly improved the scientific scope and discussion. We
acknowledge Nordita for sponsoring the Cosmic Dawn at High
Latitudes Conference where invaluable discussions regarding
this work occurred. We acknowledge the Minnesota Supercomputing Institute (MSI) at the University of Minnesota for
providing the majority of computational support for this
project. C.C received partial support for this project under
NASA grant No. HST-AR-16606. R.C. acknowledges in part
financial support from the start-up funding of Zhejiang
University and Zhejiang provincial top-level research support
program. The analysis presented in this article was in part
carried out on the SilkRiver supercomputer of Zhejiang
University. M.S.O. and L. K. are supported by NASA grant
No. HST-GO-16261Peer reviewe
Obertura: el estudio del patrimonio musical en el siglo XXI
No full textCon este volumen, «Harmonia mundi»: del objeto documental al sonido. Estudios sobre patrimonio musical, se inaugura una nueva colección editorial, Consonantia Digital, que nace con el propósito de dar a conocer y proporcionar la máxima visibilidad al patrimonio musical en general y, en particular, también al fondo musical que custodia el CRAI Biblioteca de Fondo Antiguo de la Universitat de Barcelona.With this volume, "Harmonia mundi": From the documentary object to sound. Studies on musical heritage, a new publishing collection, Consonantia Digital, is inaugurated. Its purpose is to raise awareness and provide maximum visibility to musical heritage in general and, in particular, to the musical collection held by the CRAI Old Collection Library of the University of Barcelona
Evolution, speed, and precession of the parsec-scale jet in the 3C 84 radio galaxy: Super-resolved images from multi-epoch observations at 43 GHz by the Very Long Baseline Array
No full textWe present high-resolution images of the radio source 3C 84 at 43 GHz from 121 observations conducted by the BEAM-ME monitoring program between 2010 and 2023. Imaging was performed using the recent forward modeling imaging method eht-imaging; it achieved a resolution of 80 μas, which is a factor of ∼2−3 better than traditional imaging methods such as CLEAN. The sequence of images depicts the growth and expansion of the parsec-scale relativistic jet in 3C 84; it clearly shows a complex internal structure with bending in the jet and changes in its launching direction and expansion speed. We report measurements of the expansion speed over time, which show that the jet goes through three regimes, marked by the start and end of a hot spot frustration phase. The high resolution of the images also allowed us to measure the projected launching direction as a function of time, and we find an irregular variation pattern. Our results confirm previous studies of the morphological transition undergone by 3C 84 and provide quantitative measurements of the jet’s kinematic properties over a decade-long timescale. © The Authors 2025We thank Marie-Lou Gendron-Marsolais (Université Laval and IAA-CSIC) for useful discussions on this work. The project that gave rise to these results received the support of a fellowship from “la Caixa” Foundation (ID 100010434), with fellowship code LCF/BQ/DI22/11940027. Authors M. Foschi, J. L. Gómez and A. Fuentes acknowledge financial support from the Severo Ochoa grant CEX2021-001131-S funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033. The work at the IAA-CSIC was supported in part by the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (grant number PID2022-140888NB-C21). I.C. is supported by the KASI-Yonsei Postdoctoral Fellowship program. This study makes use of VLBA data from the VLBA-BU Blazar Monitoring Program (BEAM-ME and VLBA-BU-BLAZAR; http://www.bu.edu/blazars/BEAM-ME.html), funded by NASA through the Fermi Guest Investigator grants, the latest is 80NSSC23K1508. The VLBA is an instrument of the National Radio Astronomy Observatory. The National Radio Astronomy Observatory is a facility of the National Science Foundation operated by Associated Universities, Inc.With funding from the Spanish government through the "Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence" accreditation (CEX2021-001131-S).Peer reviewe
Dataset: Blood DNA methylation of 1 month-old Assaf ewe lambs (F1) born from dams (F0) supplied methionine during the early life
No full textMethionine supplementation during the suckling period of ewe lambs (F0) may modify DNA methylation in the germline (F0) during this critical window period for the neonate, hence promoting inter-generational transmission of epigenetic marks to the offspring (F1). This factor may alter the expression of specific genes and physiological traits throughout life of the offspring (F1). The results of the present study revealed that methionine supplementation during the suckling period of ewe lambs (F0) caused the transmission of epigenetic marks to the offspring (DNA obtained from the blood of 1-month old Assaf ewe lambs, F1), so genes involved in Developmental process and Anatomical structure development were differentially methylated in F1-MET when compared to F1-CTRL ewe lambs. Therefore, although the effects on feed efficiency during adulthood were limited, F1-MET dairy sheep showed a reduced live body weight during the whole life.This work was funded by Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (PID2021-126489OB-I00, MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, “FEDER, Una manera de hacer Europa”); ACRONYM: NUPROVI
Alba Martín gratefully acknowledges receipt of a pre-doctoral grant (PRE2019-089288) from Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, “El FSE invierte en tu futuro”); CSIC is acknowledged for supporting Open Access publication.S_1018_1.fastq (control group, F1-CTRL) S_1018_2.fastq (control group, F1-CTRL) S_1020_1.fastq (control group, F1-CTRL) S_1020_2.fastq (control group, F1-CTRL) S_1022_1.fastq (control group, F1-CTRL) S_1022_2.fastq (control group, F1-CTRL) S_1025_1.fastq (control group, F1-CTRL) S_1025_2.fastq (control group, F1-CTRL) S_1026_1.fastq (control group, F1-CTRL) S_1026_2.fastq (control group, F1-CTRL) S_1033_1.fastq (methionine group, F1-MET) S_1033_2.fastq (methionine group, F1-MET) S_1038_1.fastq (methionine group, F1-MET) S_1038_2.fastq (methionine group, F1-MET) S_1042_1.fastq (methionine group, F1-MET) S_1042_2.fastq (methionine group, F1-MET) S_1043_1.fastq (methionine group, F1-MET) S_1043_2.fastq (methionine group, F1-MET) S_1045_1.fastq (methionine group, F1-MET) S_1045_2.fastq (methionine group, F1-MET)Peer reviewe