Digitala Vetenskapliga Arkivet - Academic Archive On-line
Not a member yet
734120 research outputs found
Sort by
A Thermal-Fluid Approach to Sauna Room Modelling and Analysis : CFD-Based Investigation of Heat Transfer and Energy Efficiency in Modern Sauna Rooms
No full textThis thesis presents a comprehensive thermal-fluid analysis of sauna room configurations using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to evaluate heat transfer, airflow patterns, and energy efficiency. Two room layouts are compared: a traditional Glass Door (GD) setup and a modern Glass Front (GF) design, with a focus on the thermal implications of using glass versus wood paneling. The study employs the realizable k-epsilon turbulence model with enhanced wall treatment to simulate heat transfer by buoyancy-driven natural convection within the sauna environment and includes radiation modelling via the Discrete Ordinates (DO) method. First-order analyses based on the heat diffusion equation were conducted to support the simulation results and guide boundary condition setup. Validation was performed against experimental data from a real-world sauna lab, showing good agreement with an average deviation of 7%. The results reveal that the GF configuration increases energy demand by 26% compared to the GD setup, primarily due to the higher emissivity and lack of insulation in glass surfaces, despite minimal differences in flow behavior and thermal stratification. The findings suggest that design choices significantly impact operational efficiency, with implications for cost, environmental sustainability, and user comfort
Study protocol : the SPInal NAVigation (SPINAV) trial - comparison of augmented reality surgical navigation, conventional image-guided navigation, and free-hand technique for pedicle screw placement in spinal deformity surgery
No full textBackground and purpose Although navigation is increasingly used in spinal surgery, the advantage of different navigation technologies is still a matter of debate. Conventional image-guided navigation is currently the gold standard. However, modern, Augmented reality-based navigation methods are increasingly gaining ground. Surgical navigation in deformity surgery allows placement of pedicle screws in small and deformed pedicles and may result in both a higher accuracy and density of pedicle screw placement. The aim of this trial is to compare AR and conventional surgical navigation to free-hand technique. Patients and methods This is a single center, open label, parallel assignment, three arm, randomized, controlled trial, comparing: Augmented reality surgical navigation (ARSN), Infrared surgical navigation (IRSN) and Free-hand (FH) technique. Individuals scheduled for spinal deformity surgery are eligible for inclusion. The inclusion criteria are written informed consent, age ≥ 12 years and spinal deformity. Subjects will be randomized intraoperatively and strictly sequentially. Outcomes The primary endpoint is accurately placed pedicle screws based on intraoperative verification cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scan. All radiological image analyses, on both intra- and postoperative imaging will be performed postoperatively by blinded reviewers. Several secondary outcome measures including revision rate, radiation exposure, implant density and final accuracy will be analyzed. Patient reported outcomes will also be assessed. Finally, a cost–benefit analysis will be performed. Start of trial and estimated duration The SPINAV trial started recruiting patients in January 2022 and will continue for approximately 2.5 years. Trial registration The trial is registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT05107310) on 2021–11-03
SJUKSKÖTERSKORS KOLLEGIALA SAMSPEL INOM PSYKIATRISK HELDYGNSVÅRD : En kvalitativ enkätstudie
No full textBackground: Nurses in psychiatric inpatient care are required to balance their expertise across multiple areas while managing. Previous research shows that strong interpersonal relationships are crucial for well-being and job satisfaction. Person-centred care is a fundamental principle in healthcare, but its implementation requires more than just good intentions in the encounter with the patient. In psychiatric inpatient settings, where the work is emotionally demanding and team-based, collegial interaction becomes a key factor. Studies have shown that relationships, communication, and mutual support within the team impact both the work environment and the quality of care. Method: This is a qualitative questionnaire study with an inductive approach. Nineteen participating nurses responded to a digital questionnaire consisting of ten open-ended questions related to their experiences of interaction with colleagues. Eleven participants were specialist nurses in psychiatric care, and eight were general nurses. Aim: To describe nurses’ experiences of interpersonal interaction with colleagues in inpatient psychiatric care. Results: The analysis resulted in three main categories - Seeing each other as a person, Knowing where you stand with each other and Facing challenges and ten related subcategories. Conclusion: Nurses in inpatient psychiatric care find it easier to maintain positive collegial interaction when there is openness between team members. Collaboration is essential for sustaining healthy relationships among colleagues
AI in the Swedish Teacher’s Evaluation: A New Era for Assessment and Feedback on Student Texts? : A Comparison Between AI and Traditional Assessment and Feedback
No full textDenna studie analyserar hur artificiell intelligens, i form av språkmodellen ChatGPT, kan fungera som stöd i svensklärares formativa bedömings- och feedbackarbete. Genom en kvalitativ jämförelse av AI-genererad och lärarbaserade feedback på 18 elevtexter undersöks skillnader utifrån två bedömningsetiska teman: (1) rättvisa och objektivitet samt (2) grad av individualisering. Resultatet visar att AI kan bidra med tydlig, konsekvent och tekniskt korrekt feedback, men att den ibland saknar kontextkänsla och anpassning till elevens behov. Studien visar även att objektivitet, liksom rättvisa och individualisering, behöver förstås som komplexa och kontextbundna faktorer, oavsett om feedbacken ges av en människa eller en maskin. Sammanfattningsvis visar resultaten att AI har potential att effektivisera lärarens arbete och främja likvärdighet i bedömningen, men att tekniken lämpar sig bäst som ett komplement i lärarens professionella bedömningspraktik.This study analyzes how artificial intelligence, in the form of the language model ChatGPT, can serve as a support tool in Swedish teachers formative assessment and feedback practices. Through a qualitative comparison of AI-generated and teachers-provided feedback on 18 student texts, the study examines differences based on two ethical themes in assessment: (1) fairness and objectivity, and (2) degree of individualization. The results show that AI can contribute with clear, consistent, and technically accurate feedback, but that it sometimes lacks contextual sensitivity and adaptation to individual student needs. The study also highlights that objectivity, like fairness and individualization, should be understood as complex and context-dependent factors, regardless of whether the feedback is given by a human or a machine. Overall, the findings indicate that AI has the potential to streamline teachers' work and promote equity in assessment, but that the technology is best used as a complement within the teacher`s professional assessment practice
Läsutveckling i grundskolan : En kvalitativ studie där speciallärare och specialpedagoger beskriver arbetet med elever i behov av extra stöd i sin läsutveckling
No full textInternationella undersökningar visar alarmerande resultat gällande svenska elevers försämrade läsförmåga. Läsning är en av skolans viktigaste uppgifter och en viktig grund för att rusta elever till framtida samhällsmedborgare. I följande studie undersöker vi hur speciallärare och specialpedagoger beskriver att de på skolorna arbetar med läsutveckling för elever i behov av extra stöd i grundskolans alla årskurser. Studien är av kvalitativ art och grundar sig på 12 intervjuer med verksamma speciallärare alternativt specialpedagoger i den kommunala grundskolan i sex olika kommuner i Sverige. Vi har i studien valt att ta fasta på det förebyggande, identifierande samt åtgärdande arbetet med läsutveckling som bedrivs i skolan. Studien undersöker vidare de utmaningar som speciallärare och specialpedagoger beskriver att de upplever i arbetet med läsutveckling. Studiens resultat visar att det förebyggande arbetet kännetecknas av en organisation som arbetar med läsfrämjande insatser, differentierad undervisning, tvålärarskap och ett aktivt samarbete. Det framkommer även att läsning är ett prioriterat arbetsområde. Samtliga skolor som deltog i studien använder sig av kompletterande kartläggningsmaterial i kombination med det obligatoriska bedömningsstödet och nationella prov. Det åtgärdande arbetet bedrivs i form av stöd i klassrummet, mindre grupp samt enskilt stöd. De utmaningar som framkommer är av organisatorisk art och studiens resultat påvisar även utmaningar i form av en bristande läsmotivation bland eleverna. Studiens slutsats är att arbetet med läsutveckling är en viktig del i skolan oavsett undervisningsstadie.
Experiences of interprofessional learning among students in primary healthcare settings : a scoping review
No full textObjective Previous research on interprofessional learning in primary healthcare has been focused on students' learning in the encounter with the patient. However, the research is limited, and a review of the experiences of patients, students, and supervisors of interprofessional learning in primary healthcare is lacking. The focus of this scoping review is to describe the current knowledge and also to identify knowledge gaps. Design A scoping review in which blocks of keywords and synonyms were used for achieving a high level of subject precision together with a qualitative thematic analysis for the presentation of the results. Data sources Publications from 2012 to 2024 were searched for in the PubMed, CINAHL and ERIC databases. Eligibility criteria for selecting studies Peer-reviewed studies with a qualitative design describing the experiences of patients, students and supervisors of interprofessional learning in primary healthcare were included. Data extraction and synthesis The articles were retrieved, stored and reviewed in a shared online folder. All the authors participated in the scoping review. The decisions on inclusion/exclusion were made after a systematic, multidisciplinary team approach, which involved all the authors in the discussions to reach a consensus. Results The results showed that interprofessional learning helped the students to focus on the patient and that the students broadened their perspectives when working together. The results showed that supervisors planned for interprofessional learning by setting aside time for the students to get to know each other. The supervisors confirmed that interprofessional learning contributed to the primary healthcare employees remaining abreast with high professional standards, with updated knowledge, more resources and the implementation of several organisational changes. Conclusions Interprofessional learning contributed to a patient-centred approach that provided new insights and expanded knowledge for students in professional training. More research is needed to understand how interprofessional learning between different professions can be developed
Frekvensen av konvergensinsufficiens hos studerande vid Linnéuniversitetet i Kalmar : Samband mellan CISS-enkät och kliniska fynd vid konvergensinsufficiens
No full textSyfte: Syftet med studien var att undersöka frekvensen av konvergensinsufficiens hos studerande vid Linnéuniversitetet i Kalmar, samt att analysera eventuella samband mellan resultaten från CISS-enkäten och de kliniska fynden vid konvergensinsufficiens. Metod: Studien utfördes genom att deltagarna, studenter vid Linnéuniversitetet, först fick fylla i en symptomenkät, Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey (CISS). Sedan utfördes binokulärsynsrelaterade undersökningtester i form av konvergensnärpunktest, ackommodationsamplitud, forimätning, och positiva fusionsvergenser. Resultatet sammanställdes och analyserades. Resultat: Totalt deltog 49 icke-presbyopa deltagare i studien. Av dessa 49 var 41 kvinnor och 8 män med en medelålder på 23,98 år (intervall: 20–35 år) ± 3,33 år (SD). Frekvensen för definitiv symtomatisk konvergensinsufficiens blev 6,12% (95% konfidensintervall på 1,28% - 16,87%). Resultatet av de kliniska testerna kunde inte associeras med deltagarnas CISS-poäng på ett signifikant vis (p=0,167). Slutsats: Studien visar att KI förkommer hos studenter på Linnéuniversitetet i Kalmar med en frekvens på 6,12%. Studien visar även att CISS-poängen inte har något statistiskt signifikant samband med det kliniska testerna för KI. CISS-poängen speglar inte alltid resultatet av det kliniska testerna vilket stärker vikten av att kombinera CISS-enkät med kliniska tester för att kunna diagnostisera symtomatisk definitiv KI.Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the frequency of convergence insufficiency within the student population at Linnaeus University in Kalmar. The study also aims to determine whether any relationship exists between the outcomes of the CISS questionnaire and the clinical signs of convergence insufficiency. Method: The study was performed by first having the participants, students at Linnaeus University, complete a symptom survey, the Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey (CISS). This was followed by binocular vision related tests. The tests were near point of convergence, amplitude of accommodation, phoria measurement and positive fusional vergence test. The results were organized and analyzed. Result: A total of 49 non-presbyopic individuals participated in the study. Of these 49, 41 were women and 8 were men, with a mean age of 23,98 years (age range between 20–35 years) ± 3,33 years (SD). The result showed a frequency of definite convergence insufficiency of 6,12% (95% confidence interval 1,28% - 16,87%). The outcome of the clinical tests where not associated with the participants CISS scores in a significant way. Conclusion: The study shows that convergence insufficiency occurs in students at Linnaeus University in Kalmar with a frequency of 6,12 %. The study also shows that the CISS score has no statistically significant association with the clinical tests for CI. CISS score does not always reflect the results of clinical tests, which reinforces that CISS cannot be used as a standalone screening tool for diagnosing symptomatic definitive convergence insufficiency
Guidance on the Social Studies Buffet : A Qualitative Study of Teachers’ Interpretations of Norm Criticism and Future Perspectives in Social Studies Education
No full textThis study explores how upper secondary school social studies teachers in Sweden perceive and enact their responsibility to address gender norms in their teaching, particularly in relation to students’ ideas about the future, education and working life. Despite clear policy directives regarding gender equality and norm-critical pedagogy in the Swedish curriculum, previous research suggests that such perspectives are not always fully integrated into classroom practice. Using a qualitative research design, seven semi-structured interviews were conducted with teachers from three different schools. The data was analyzed thematically through an abductive approach, informed by theoretical concepts such as Bernstein’s classification and framing, Czarniawska’s translation theory and Biesta and Osberg’s ideas on complexity reduction in education. The findings indicate that while many teachers express a willingness to challenge gender norms, their ability to do so is shaped by structural constraints, subject traditions and varying interpretations of their professional mandate. Norm-critical content often competes with more traditionally legitimized knowledge and may be sidelined when not explicitly tied to grading criteria. Teachers adopt different strategies to navigate this tension, ranging from cautious adaptation to creating powerful moments of disruption. The study highlights the importance of structural support and professional autonomy in realizing the school’s gender equality mission and points to a need for further research into how policy can be more effectively translated into classroom practice.
To What Extent do Time Perspective and Mentalisation Impact Work Engagement
No full textMentalisation is the process of identifying intentions of those around you while also looking inward to understand your own mental states. Time perspective is how an individual relates to the past, present and future. This study aimed to examine how these two factors impact an individual in their work engagement by testing overall mentalisation and differing aspects of time perspective in accordance to the Swedish version of Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (S-ZTPI). The participants in the study were 122 persons working full-time or part-time, and were reached out through in-person and online platforms to take part in an online questionnaire where they responded to S-ZTPI, the Reflective Functioning Questionnaire and the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale, where they rate themselves relating to given statements. Results showed a significant positive relationship between time perspective dimension Future Positive and work engagement, and mentalisation was significantly associated both with work engagement and aspects of time perspective. The results of a mediation model were consistent with the idea that the association between mentalisation and work engagement is mediated by facets of time perspective. Mentalisering är processen att identifiera avsikter hos omgivningen samtidigt som man tittar inåt för att förstå sina egna mentala tillstånd. Tidsperspektiv är hur en individ förhåller sig till det förflutna, nuet och framtiden. Denna studie syftade till att undersöka hur dessa två faktorer påverkar en individ i deras arbetsengagemang genom att testa övergripande mentalisering och olika aspekter av tidsperspektiv i enlighet med den svenska versionen av Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (S-ZTPI). Deltagarna i studien var 122 personer som arbetade heltid eller deltid, och de nåddes via personliga och onlineplattformar för att ta del av ett online-enkät där de svarade på S-ZTPI, Reflective Functioning Questionnaire och Utrecht Work Engagement Scale, där de betygsätter sig själva relaterat till givna påståenden. Resultaten visade ett signifikant positivt samband mellan tidsperspektivdimensionen Future Positive och arbetsengagemang, och mentalisering var signifikant associerad både med arbetsengagemang och aspekter av tidsperspektiv. Resultaten av en medlingsmodell stämde överens med tanken att sambandet mellan mentalisering och arbetsengagemang förmedlas av aspekter av tidsperspektiv