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Huthirörelsen och hybridkrig : En aktörsdriven analys av väpnad konflikt i Jemen 2004–2025
No full textOver the course of 2004-2025 the Houthi Rebels have massively increased their standing in Yemen and the Red sea. Lately, warfare has also seen a great change, blurring the lines between war and peace, thus hybrid war has become a central subject of discussion. Despite this, the Houthi Rebels have received little attention leading to the overlooking of their actor-specific variations, both beyond and within the military aspect. This paper aims to shed light on their methods used by the Houthies and how they have developed through the lens of Frank G. Hoffman’s theoretical framework of Hybrid warfare. The study concludes that the Houthis have implemented more ambitious and sophisticated methods over time, in order to maintain a criminal state and undermine the Yemini government. Additionally, the Houthis have seen a large numerical increase due to the effective spread of propaganda and repression. The study also concludes that the Houthis' use of advanced conventional weapons, provided by Iran, has had a substantial impact on the Houthis’ ability to challenge superior adversaries. Further, the use of indiscriminate violence has seen an increase for the sole purpose of terror on land and at sea, which has served as an effective deterrence strategy. Nyckelord: Hybridkrigföring, Huthirebellerna, Jemen, Iran,
Att förändra och förbättra : Kontextuell passform för långsiktighet i pedagogiska förändringsarbeten
No full textÄven en god skolverksamhet önskar ibland nya intryck, metoder och tekniker från andra verksamheter eller från forskningsrön. Forskare och lärare kan mötas i sin strävan efter en skola för alla, genom införande av nya pedagogiska innovationer. Pedagogiska innovationer är det nya stoff som kan införas för att förändra och förbättra den nuvarande verksamheten. Lärare är nyckelpersoner för förändring i klassrummen. Deras tankar, åsikter och upplevelser vid införande och genomförande av en förändring i skolan behöver därför vara en ledstjärna i förändringsprocessen. För att innovationerna ska passa in i den befintliga verksamheten behöver den upplevas ha en god kontextuell passform. Den kontextuella passformen kommer i detta kapitel belysas ur ett lärarperspektiv med fokus på praktisk, filosofisk och kunskapsmässig passform. Insikter inom detta område kan hjälpa och guida lärare och skolledare när de ska planera, genomföra och stödja en hållbar utveckling av sin verksamhet
The Missing Link : Knowledge Management and the Social Dimension of Business-IT Alignment
No full textBusiness-IT alignment (BITA) remains a persistent challenge for organisations seeking to derive strategic value from their IT investments. While substantial research has explored the strategic and intellectual dimensions of the construct, the social dimension—centred on communication, shared understanding, and collaboration between business and IT leaders—has received relatively limited attention. At the same time, knowledge management (KM) has emerged as a vital organisational capability, particularly in the context of digital transformation and evolving Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) imperatives. However, the intersection of KM and the social dimension of BITA remains underexplored, especially in large enterprise settings. To address this gap in the literature, this study investigates how KM practices contribute to enhancing the social dimension of BITA within a large Swedish company undergoing digital transformation. Drawing on Nonaka’s SECI model as a conceptual lens and employing a qualitative case study methodology (based on nine semi-structured interviews and internal document analysis), the study identified key impediments to social alignment, including reliance on outsourced IT, knowledge erosion due to staff turnover, fragmented communication, and siloed planning. The results also reveal how KM practices—including in-house development, knowledge-sharing forums, agile methods, and transparent digital communication tools—facilitate knowledge exchange, socialisation, and shared domain understanding. The study contributes to the literature by advancing the conceptual integration of KM and BITA, offering empirical insights into the role of KM practices in fostering social alignment, and proposing refinements to existing BITA frameworks by incorporating knowledge-sharing mechanisms. In terms of practice, the study guides organisations to strengthen cross-functional collaboration, support sustainable knowledge retention, and align IT capabilities with strategic business objectives. The findings further highlight the relevance of KM in addressing ESG-related goals, particularly the social pillar focused on inclusivity, culture, and governance. The paper concludes by outlining avenues for future research, including the need to examine the influence of artificial intelligence, digital architecture, and enterprise modelling on the evolving relationship between KM and BITA
Green Debt Traps : The Securitization of Climate Change in Chinese Political Discourse
No full textThis thesis explores how China’s green investments in Africa affect national sovereignty by creating structures of economic dependency. Using a combination of securitization theory and dependency theory within a critical discourse analysis (CDA) framework, the study examines how climate change is discursively constructed as a security threat through official Chinese discourse to legitimize Chinese investments. The thesis employs a case study of Chinese investments and related discourse in Zambia, notably the Kafue Gorge Lower Hydropower Project (KGL). Through CDA, the study identifies key discursive strategies, using analytical tools from CDA, keywords, legitimation, and categorization, that present Chinese investment as mutual and environmentally necessary while masking underlying power asymmetries. The findings show how China uses the securitization of climate change to normalize its economic involvement, blending moral appeals with strategic economic interests. This process reinforces Zambia’s dependency through debt structures and aligns with core-periphery dynamics outlined by dependency theorists. The study contributes to the “debt trap diplomacy” debate by illustrating how securitized climate narratives can facilitate economic dependency without overt coercion. It also highlights the importance of discourse in shaping geopolitical realities, suggesting that future research should further explore the interplay between environmental securitization and global financial aid programs beyond China
Visualizations of Hexokinase : An Empirical Study of High School Students’ Learning with Visualizations
No full textDetta arbete är en vidareutveckling av en undervisningsmetod om enzymer som gymnasieläraren Muna Amanuel har utvecklat. Inom ramen för arbetet har ett nytt lektionsmaterial utformats för kemiundervisning på gymnasienivå (nivå 2) i enlighet med läroplanen Gy25. Materialet fokuserar på enzymet hexokinas och hur detta kan visualiseras. Arbetet genomfördes med hjälp av projektstyrningsverktyget SCRUM som bygger på en iterativ utvecklingsprocess. Syftet med studien var att utveckla ett undervisningsmaterial iterativt för att undersöka hur väl eleverna lyckades skapa interna visualiseringar, samt hur väl de lyckades tolka visualiseringarnas externa kritiska drag med hjälp av deras inneboende kritiska drag. Elevernas lärande med hjälp av visualiseringar har undersökts genom bland annat före- och efterquiz, lektionsobservationer samt kommentarer från elevernas ordinarie lärare. Resultaten visar att undervisningsmaterialet främjade elevernas skapande av interna visualiseringar, men pekar också på flera utmaningar kopplade till användning av visualiseringar i kemiundervisning. Exempelvis ledde visualiseringarna i vissa fall till att eleverna använde vardagliga begrepp istället för de kemibegrepp de behärskade i andra sammanhang. De huvudsakliga slutsatserna är att det utvecklade lektionsmaterialet bidrog till elevernas skapande av interna visualiseringar trots skillnader i förkunskaper, men att elevernas förmåga att tolka visualiseringarnas externa kritiska drag på ett meningsfullt sätt varierade mellan olika aktiviteter.This work is a further development of a teaching method on enzymes originally created by high school teacher Muna Amanuel. As part of this project, new lesson materials were developed for upper secondary school chemistry education (level 2), in accordance with the Gy25 curriculum. The material focuses on the enzyme hexokinase and how it can be visualized. The project was carried out using the project management tool SCRUM, which is based on an iterative development process. The aim of the study was to iteratively develop teaching materials to investigate how well students were able to create internal visualizations, and how well they could interpret the external critical features of the visualizations using their internal critical features. Students’ learning through visualizations was examined through, among other methods, pre- and postquizzes, lesson observations, and feedback from their regular teacher. The results show that the teaching material supported students’ creation of internal visualizations, but also highlight several challenges associated with the use of visualizations in chemistry education. For example, in some cases, the visualizations led students to use everyday terms instead of the chemistry concepts they had mastered in other contexts. The main conclusions are that the developed lesson material contributed to students’ creation of internal visualizations despite differences in prior knowledge, but that students’ ability to meaningfully interpret the visualizations’ extrinsic critical features varied across different activities
Wobbles
No full textWobbles is an artistic research project conducted by Omer Keinan during the New Performative Practices Master's program at Stockholm University of the Arts. This project unfolds through three primary momenta: a publication, an artistic research methodology, and two research-creation processes. The publication “Wobbles” includes a series of essays and poems that articulate the concepts of wobble technique: a know-how for grappling with the intensities of relationality as rife with instability and potentiality. And wobbling practices, tools for bringing that which had been rendered static and fixed into dynamism and transformation. This publication includes a range of excerpts from the various workshops and literature encountered through the NPP studies, a snapshot of a body at the end of a stretch. The artsitic research methodology “A Performance Practice Interface” experiments with the study, circulation, and craft of forms-of-practice (exercises, activities, scores, experimental systems) as particularly potent conveyers of experience and knowledge. This methodology is developed through two primary activities: Shop Talk, a studio conversation format which seeks to document forms in their situated thickness; and Blue Sky, a dance-based gathering format which invites practitioners to open their forms to collective play. The research-creation processes “Telos” and “Knots” practice various methods for collapsing beyond order and logic into discord and dysregulation, from the sacred into the profane. Playing between affirmation and negation, constitution and destitution – beckoning conflict and mischief through spicy wobbling.The "Wobbles" publication, attached as the primary documentation of this degree project, was printed in a limited NPP EDITION of 90 copies. Please note that this is not a finalized version of this text. The degree project presentation also included a practice sharing which activated some of the publication’s core concepts. </p
Teachers' Interpretations of Entrepreneurial Learning in Social Studies : A Qualitative Interview Study Exploring Teachers’ Perceptions and Practices of Entrepreneurial Learning
No full textThe purpose of this study is to investigate how social studies teachers in Sweden´s upper secondary school interpret and apply entrepreneurial learning, with a particular focus on their use of reflective- and knowledge-testing questions in their education. The study also analyses how entrepreneurial learning might support the development of students’ civic competences. The research is conducted as a multiple case study, using semi-structure interviews to collect teachers’ perceptions and practices regarding entrepreneurial learning, with a specific focus on questioning techniques. A deductive approach is applied, where the theoretical framework, based on Dewey’s, concept of learning by doing and Biestas understanding of education as three main functions, subjectification, socialisation and qualification to analyse the respondents’ answers. The results shows that teachers express a clear intention to use entrepreneurial learning as a pedagogical approach. They do that by highlighting the value of connecting teaching to students lives to bridge the school´s dual mission. Providing structure and support is seen essential for students to take “ownership of their learning” and develop actional knowledge. The conclusions however, shows that teachers perceive a lack of willingness among colleagues in other subjects to adopt entrepreneurial learning, often due to their association to business and entrepreneurship. This highlights the persistent issue of definitional ambiguity, which must be addressed for its full pedagogical potential to be realised
Intraoperativ vätsketerapi vid bukkirurgi: Påverkas vuxna patienters postoperativa vårdtid? : En kvantitativ litteraturöversikt
No full textBakgrund: Intraoperativ vätsketerapi spelar en central roll i perioperativ vård genom att säkerställa patientens hemodynamiska stabilitet under kirurgiska ingrepp samt optimera återhämtningen postoperativt. Detta är särskilt viktigt vid bukkirurgi. Trots att olika strategier för vätsketerapi har visat sig kunna minska risken för postoperativa komplikationer, varierar den kliniska praxisen. Den motstridiga evidensen understryker behovet av en systematisk litteraturöversikt med syfte att klargöra hur olika vätsketerapistrategier påverkar vårdtiden och patientens lidande. Syfte: Att undersöka hur intraoperativ vätsketerapi påverkar vårdtiden hos vuxna patienter som genomgått bukkirurgi. Metod: Studieupplägget var en systematisk litteraturöversikt baserad på 23 randomiserade kontrollerade studier (RCT), identifierade i relevanta databaser. Kvaliteten på de inkluderade studierna bedömdes med hjälp av SBU:s mall för risk för bias och evidensgradering enligt GRADE. Data analyserades och presenteras genom narrativ syntes. Syftet med den systematiska granskningen var att kartlägga vilken strategi för vätsketerapi som är mest fördelaktig för patientens vårdtid, med ett tydligt omvårdnadsperspektiv som tog hänsyn till anestesisjuksköterskans centrala roll. Resultat: Majoriteten av de inkluderade studierna visade ingen signifikant skillnad i vårdtid mellan olika strategier för intraoperativ vätsketerapi. Av de 19 studier som utvärderade målstyrd vätsketerapi (GDFT) visade endast två studier signifikant kortare vårdtid, medan en studie visade en signifikant längre vårdtid. Tre studier som utvärderade en restriktiv vätskestrategi visade ingen signifikant skillnad i vårdtid jämfört med kontrollgrupperna. Endast en studie, som undersökte en annan terapi med restriktivt utfall, visade på en signifikant förkortad vårdtid. Slutsats: Ingen vätsketerapi har visat tydlig effekt på vårdtid vid bukkirurgi. Vissa studier tyder på att individualiserad målstyrd vätsketerapi kan vara fördelaktig vid elektiv kirurgi. Även om vårdtiden inte alltid påverkas, så framstår behovet av en individualiserad vätsketerapi som återkommande. Anestesisjuksköterskan bör tillämpa evidensbaserad vätsketerapi utefter patientens kliniska och hemodynamiska status minska vårdlidande.Background: Intraoperative fluid therapy plays a central role in perioperative care, maintaining hemodynamic stability during surgery and optimizing postoperative recovery, particularly after abdominal surgery. Although different fluid strategies may reduce postoperative complications, clinical practices remain inconsistent. The conflicting evidence underlines the necessity of systematically reviewing how intraoperative fluid strategies impact hospital stay and the care deprivation. Aim: To investigate how intraoperative fluid therapy affects hospital length of stay in adult patients undergoing abdominal surgery. Method: A systematic literature review based on 23 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) identified in relevant databases. Study quality was assessed using the Swedish Agency for Health Technology Assessment (SBU) framework for risk of bias and evidence strength graded with GRADE. Data were synthesized narratively. The review aimed to identify the most beneficial fluid strategy for hospital length of stay from a nursing perspective, emphasizing the anesthetist nurse's role. Results: Most studies found no significant differences in hospital stay between fluid strategies. Of the 19 studies assessing goal-directed fluid therapy (GDFT), only two showed significantly shorter stays, while one indicated a longer stay. Three studies examining restrictive strategies found no significant difference compared to controls. One additional study using another restrictive approach showed significantly shorter hospital stays. Conclusion: No single intraoperative fluid therapy consistently impacted hospital length of stay in abdominal surgery. However, individualized goal-directed fluid therapy showed potential advantages in elective surgery. Nurse anesthetists should base fluid management decisions on individualized assessments, guided by evidence-based knowledge and patient-specific hemodynamic conditions to reduce care deprivation
Are we the drivers or the driven? : A study on upper secondary school students' perceptions of democracy.
No full textThis study aimed to investigate how Swedish high school students view democracy and their trust in Swedish democratic institutions. To conduct this study, semi-structured interviews were used, in which a total of nine students from different high school programs were interviewed to understand their subjective perspective on Swedish democracy. To analyze the data, a qualitative content analysis was used to analyze the completed interviews and thus extract the core findings from them for the study's investigation. Furthermore, David Easton's legitimacy theory has been used to create a theoretical framework for the study. The results concluded that the students had a strong commitment to democratic values but show that the students lack trust in specific democratic institutions. It is worth noting that non-elective authorities generally enjoyed greater trust among respondents compared to elective authorities such as the Swedish parliament (Riksdag). The judiciary was one such institution that was particularly distrusted by interviewees. Furthermore, the study concluded that students' views on democracy are primarily shaped by their socialization with peers and that students experienced their ability to contribute to democracy as limited, at least until they reached the age of majority. Looking at the future of democracy, the study showed optimism among young people for Swedish democracy but a certain unease about global developments in the area. The study showed, through the findings above, a discrepancy between the diffuse support the students could show for democratic ideals and the specific support they had for certain democratic institutions. This difference may, in the long term, lead to reduced engagement in democracy
Mellan norm och verklighet: EU:s agerande gentemot Ungern 2018-2024 : En kvalitativ fallstudie om den normativa maktens verkan
No full textThis thesis investigates the European Union’s role as a normative power in its response to Hungary’s democratic backsliding between 2018 and 2024, focusing on normative power theory by Ian Manners. Through a qualitative case study design, the research examines how key EU institutions, specifically the European Commission, the European Parliament, and the Court of Justice of the European Union, have responded to the erosion of democratic norms in Hungary. This thesis finds that EU institutions have acted in line with the Union’s normative identity by invoking Article 2 of the Treaty on European Union, initiating Article 7 procedures, pursuing legal actions, and linking financial support to rule of law conditions. However, structural and political constraints have severely limited the effectiveness of these measures. The Hungarian government has resisted external pressure, and the EU’s available enforcement mechanisms have proven insufficient to produce sustainable democratic reforms. This thesis highlights the tension between the EU’s normative aspirations and its practical ability to uphold shared values within its own borders. It contributes to the deeper understanding of how normative power functions in an internal context, especially when confronted with democratic erosion among member states.