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Physical Activity on Prescription "Not a Quick Fix" : School Nurses' Experiences of Promoting and Tailoring Physical Activity to Children in Swedish Compulsory School
No full textThis study aimed to explore school nurses' experience of using physical activity on prescription with children in Swedish compulsory school. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 24 school nurses who had the educational qualification to prescribe physical activity. The analysis resulted in one overarching theme, "A delicate process of tailoring physical activity on prescription to a child's social context," and two categories: "Promoting joyful physical activity through individualization and support" and "Dealing with dilemmas and challenges," with related subcategories. The results demonstrate the importance of tailoring prescribed physical activity to each individual child, their living conditions, and the school context. In addition, they highlight the nurses' working conditions and collaborations as important prerequisites when initiating physical activity on prescription. In conclusion, the results suggest that school nurses perceive physical activity on prescription as a useful tool in the school context, but it needs to be tailored to each individual child
Editorial and an introduction: intersections of historical and democratic consciousness in history curriculum and/or syllabus : A study across nine countries
No full textThe aim of the theme issue is to provide analysis of intersections of historical and democratic consciousness expressed in official curriculum documents such as syllabuses that focus on history in eleven countries. Each of the nation states were selected for their diverse trajectories of democratic developments and political cultures. Drawing on comparative education, policy enactment, and critical discourse analysis the content in the official curriculum documents is approached as texts that are informed by historical ideas of the purposes of education that influence present and future orientations and actions. The articles in this theme issue address the following key questions: 1. How is the intersection between historical consciousness and democratic consciousness described in curriculum and/or syllabus documents regarding the history subject in the selected countries?; 2. What kind of consequences for history education do the descriptions in the curriculum and/or syllabus entail?; and 3. How are the democracy traditions of each selected country reflected in the official knowledge of the various curriculum documents
"Who do you see? : A study on visualizing cultural identity"
No full textThis thesis explores the concept of cultural identity through the lens of bodymapping, a creative method that allows individuals to visually represent they're multifaceted identities. It challenges the conventional notion that cultural background is the sole determinant of one's identity advocating instead for a buffet of inherited, historical, economic, and personal experience that collectively shape an individual's cultural identity. By conducting a workshop where participants created body maps to express their cultural identities, this study aims to reveal the complex interplay of personal and collective experiences in identity formation. The theoretical framework is grounded in the ideas of Stuart Hall, who emphasizes that cultural identity is not static but rather a dynamic process influenced by historical and cultural contexts. Holes insights on representation are complemented by the phenomenological approach, which focuses on understanding individuals lived experiences and subjective interpretations. The study employed qualitative methods to analyze participants reflections on their body maps, revealing how the process fell facilitated deeper self-awareness and cultural understanding. The findings indicate that body mapping serves as an effective tool for exploring and expressing cultural identity, with participants reporting a range of emotions from empowerment to vulnerability. The results suggest that this method can be integrated into art education to enhance students’ self-exploration and cultural representation. However, considerations regarding the potential challenges, such as body image issues and the need for inclusive practices, are essential for implementing bodymapping in educational settings. Ultimately, this research contributes to the fields of cultural identity and art pedagogy by demonstrating how creative practices like bodymapping can foster self-reflection and a deeper understanding of one's cultural heritage, paving the way for future explorations into inclusive educational mythologies
Microbiome dysbiosis in SARS-CoV-2 infection : implication for pathophysiology and management strategies of COVID-19
No full textThe emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the etiological agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), in late 2019 initiated a global health crisis marked by widespread infection, significant mortality, and long-term health implications. While SARS-CoV-2 primarily targets the respiratory system, recent findings indicate that it also significantly disrupts the human microbiome, particularly the gut microbiota, contributing to disease severity, systemic inflammation, immune dysregulation, and increased susceptibility to secondary infections and chronic conditions. Dysbiosis, or microbial imbalance, exacerbates the clinical outcomes of COVID-19 and has been linked to long-COVID, a condition affecting a significant proportion of survivors and manifesting with over 200 symptoms across multiple organ systems. Despite the growing recognition of microbiome alterations in COVID-19, the precise mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 interacts with the microbiome and influences disease progression remain poorly understood. This narrative review investigates the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on host-microbiota dynamics and evaluates its implications in disease severity and for developing personalized therapeutic strategies for COVID-19. Furthermore, it highlights the dual role of the microbiome in modulating disease progression, and as a promising target for advancing diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic approaches in managing COVID-19
Preserving the human in care : Nurses' experiences of person-centred care in an efficiency-oriented healthcare environment: A literature review
No full textBakgrund: Personcentrerad vård innebär att patienten ses som en unik individ och vården utformas i partnerskap mellan patient och vårdpersonal. Sjuksköterskan har en nyckelroll i att skapa trygghet, delaktighet och individanpassad vård genom reflektion, kommunikation och etisk medvetenhet. Forskning visar att detta arbetssätt kan förbättra patientens välbefinnande, minska vårdtider och bidra till en meningsfull vårdupplevelse. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva sjuksköterskors upplevelse av att arbeta personcentrerat. Metod: En litteraturöversikt som baserats på 10 vetenskapliga originalartiklar hämtade från PubMed och CINAHL complete. Resultat: Sjuksköterskors upplevelser av att arbeta personcentrerat är komplex och påverkas av både inre och yttre faktorer. Vanliga hinder är hög arbetsbelastning, tidsbrist, underbemanning och brist på organisatoriskt stöd, vilket försvårar möjligheten att skapa vårdrelationer. Samtidigt lyfts kritisk reflektion, teamarbete och kommunikation som viktiga verktyg för att stärka personcentrerad vård. Sjuksköterskans yrkeskompetens, empatiska förmåga och vilja att förstå patienten ses som avgörande, men krockar ofta med verklighetens krav och begränsningar. Trots utmaningar finns ett starkt engagemang hos sjuksköterskan att sätta patienten i centrum. Slutsats: Sjuksköterskor upplever att personcentrerad vård försvåras av organisatoriska hinder som tidsbrist och underbemanning. Samtidigt upplever sjuksköterskor att reflektion, samarbete och god kommunikation är centrala förutsättningar för att möjliggöra en vård där patientens delaktighet och värdighet står i centrum, vilket kräver en stödjande vårdmiljö. Background: Person-centred care is an approach that recognises the patient as a unique individual and is built on a partnership between the patient and healthcare professionals. The nurse plays a key role in fostering safety, participation, and individualised care through reflection, communication, and ethical awareness. Research shows that this approach can enhance patient well-being, reduce length of hospital stays, and contribute to a more meaningful care experience. Aim: The aim is to describe the nurse’s experience of working person-centred. Method: A literature review based on 10 scientific original articles retrieved from PubMed and CINAHL Complete. Results: The nurse's experience of working person-centered is complex and is influenced by both internal and external factors. Common obstacles are high workload, lack of time, understaffing and lack of organizational support, which makes it difficult to create care relationships. At the same time, critical reflection, teamwork and communication are highlighted as important tools for strengthening person-centered care. The nurse's professional competence, empathetic ability and willingness to understand the patient are seen as crucial but often clash with the demands and limitations of reality. Despite challenges, there is a strong commitment among nurses to putting the patient at the center. Conclusion: Nurses perceive that person-centred care is hindered by organisational barriers such as time constraints and understaffing. At the same time, they identify reflection, collaboration, and effective communication as key prerequisites for enabling care that centres on patient participation and dignity, something that requires a supportive care environment
Population viability of the orchid Gymnadenia conopsea increases with population size but is not related to genetic diversity
No full textPopulation size is a main indicator of conservation value, thought to indicate both current and long-term population viability. However, few studies have directly examined the links between the size and the genetic and demographic properties of populations using metrics that integrate effects across the whole life cycle. In this study, we combine six years of demographic data with SNP-based estimates of genetic diversity from 18 Swedish populations of the orchid Gymnadenia conopsea, a species that is becoming increasingly rare in Europe. We investigated how population growth rate varied among populations and years, and used LTRE analysis to evaluate how underlying vital rates contribute to the variation. We examined if stochastic growth rate increased with population size and genetic diversity. For each population, we estimated the probability of quasi-extinction and of a 90% decrease in population size, within the next 30 years. Deterministic growth rate varied among populations and years, and the LTRE decomposition suggested that variation in both fecundity, and survival and growth of adults, contributed to this variation. Estimates of stochastic growth rate indicated that ten populations are declining, seven increasing, and one population approximately stable. Stochastic growth rate increased with population size, mainly due to higher survival in larger populations, but was not related to genetic diversity. One third of the populations were predicted to go extinct and eight populations to undergo a 90% decrease in population size in the coming 30 years. The results suggest that ongoing declines are not due to genetic erosion. Low survival in small populations most likely reflects a positive association between local environmental conditions and population size. More generally, the results suggest that demographic metrics can be more informative than genetic metrics, regarding conservation priority
Coming to terms with a changing everyday life with dementia: What can we learn from people who are diagnosed while still working?
No full textObjective The study's aim was to better understand how persons, diagnosed with dementia while still working, strived to make sense of and come to terms with their changing everyday lives during the process of exiting work life.Methods The study has an explorative, longitudinal design, following five persons who developed dementia while still working, with repeated, qualitative, in-depth interviews. Comparative analyses were combined with an interpretative approach, using the concepts doing, being, becoming and belonging.Results Three overarching themes were created: i/Finding out an orientation to continued activity engagement, ii/ Relating to the diagnosis and available dementia specific activities, and iii/ Managing wellbeing and information related to health care. Findings illuminate how participants sought avenues for continued activity engagement in everyday life, based on their perceptions of what they were able to do, who they wanted to be and become, and where they felt they belonged.Conclusion The participants' agency came through strongly in their efforts to come to terms with changes in everyday life in their work and private lives, as well as with health care and dementia associations, underscoring that agency is vital and possible to support in persons with early-stage dementia.Funding Agencies|Swedish Council for Health, Working life and Welfare, FORTE [2017-02303]; Academy of Finland [318848, 314749]; Canadian Institute for Health Research [MYB155683]; Ontario Shores Research Chair in Dementia Well-being; Swedish Dementia Association</p
Efficacy and Safety of Rituximab in Antiglomerular Basement Membrane Disease
No full textIntroduction: Anti-glomerular basement membrane (GBM) disease is caused by pathogenic antibodies usually targeting the noncollagenous domain of the alpha 3 chain of type IV collagen and frequently presents as rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis and diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH). Rapid reduction of these antibodies is imperative for kidney survival and the mainstay of therapy is the combination of plasma exchange (PLEX), glucocorticoids, and cyclophosphamide. Rituximab has been postulated as a potential treatment for anti-GBM disease; however, data on efficacy and safety are lacking. Methods: We performed a review of case reports and series (n = 28) providing individual patient-level data on the efficacy and safety of rituximab in adult and pediatric anti-GBM disease. In addition, we have received data from authors on 18 patients which stem from 4 studies that did not report on patient-level outcomes or were not previously reported. A search strategy of studies indexed in PubMed/MEDLINE was performed, followed by synthesis and analysis of the data. Results: Sixty-seven patients [37 female (55%); 14 pediatric (21%); median age: 37 years] were followed-up with for a total of 87.1 person-years (median follow-up time: 9.5 months). They received rituximab as first- line (n = 39) or second-line (n = 28). Median serum creatinine was 416 mmol/l with 32 patients (48%) being dialysis-dependent at presentation and 24 (36%) having DAH. Intravenous pulse, oral glucocorticoids and PLEX were used in 85%, 98%, and 93%, respectively; and 54% of them received cyclophosphamide. Patients received a median of 4 (2-4) doses of rituximab with 11 patients (16%) having transient adverse effects. Patient survival was 91% and kidney survival was 67% (53% in adults and 71% in pediatric patients). Kidney survival was lower in initially dialysis-dependent patients (34% vs. 81%, P &lt; 0.001). Patients receiving second-line rituximab had better kidney survival compared with those receiving it as first-line (73% vs. 46%, P = 0.03). Conclusion: Acknowledging the limitations of our study, including publication and selection bias, rituximab had a favorable toxicity and efficacy profile. The results indicate that rituximab can be considered as a second-line therapy in anti-GBM disease when cyclophosphamide is contraindicated.Funding Agencies|European Renal Association (ERA)</p
Förskollärares metoder för att främja barns språkutveckling : möjligheter och hinder i det pedagogiska arbetet
No full textSyftet med studien var att undersöka vilka metoder förskollärare använder för att främja barns språkutveckling i förskolan, samt vilka möjligheter och hinder de möter i sitt arbete. För att besvara syftet användes en kvalitativ metod där sju semistrukturerade intervjuer med förskollärare genomfördes. Det insamlade materialet analyserades sedan tematiskt, där återkommande mönster och variationer kategoriserades i teman och tolkades utifrån ett sociokulturellt perspektiv.Studiens resultat visade att förskollärare använder en mångfald av metoder för att stödja barns språkutveckling. Språkbad, bildstöd, TAKK, estetiska uttrycksformer och högläsning samverkar i ett varierat språkarbete. De metoder som framkom i resultatet överensstämmer till stor del med tidigare forskning och visar hur förskollärare, genom medvetna pedagogiska val och ett aktivt förhållningssätt, kan skapa en språkutvecklande miljö. Förhållningssättet framstod som en central del i detta arbete. Samtidigt belyser resultatet att faktorer som stora barngrupper, tidsbrist och bristande samverkan inom arbetslaget kunde försvåra arbetet med barns språkutveckling
Music as a resource in treating dental fear : A literature study
No full textBakgrund: Tandvårdsrädsla är vanligt förekommande och drabbar cirka 15–20% av världens befolkning. Detta kan påverka både den orala- och allmänna hälsan negativt. Studier visar att personer med tandvårdsrädsla oftare har fler kariesangrepp och sämre parodontal hälsa. Rädslan är även kopplad till undvikande av tandvård, vilket kan leda till obehandlade tandproblem, ökad smärta, skam och skuldkänslor samt lägre oral hälsorelaterad livskvalitet. Syfte: Syftet är att beskriva hur musik kan användas som en resurs vid behandling av tandvårdsrädda individer. Metod: Litteraturöversikten innefattar studier globalt gällande barn och ungdomar 6 till 18 år samt vuxna 18 till 83 år, publicerade mellan 2015 och 2025. Totalt inkluderades 16 studier i resultatet. Resultat: Musik påverkar både fysiologiska- och psykologiska aspekter av tandvårdsrädsla. Flera av studierna visade att patienter som lyssnade på musik i samband med tandvårdsbehandling upplevde en minskad tandvårdsrelaterad ångest, sänkt blodtryck, pulsfrekvens och kortisolnivåer. Effekten varierade beroende på individuella faktorer såsom kön, ålder, musikpreferenser samt kulturell bakgrund. Slutsats: Musik kan vara en effektiv resurs för att lindra både fysiska och psykiska symtom kopplade till tandvårdsrädsla. Dess lugnande effekter kan sänka pulsfrekvensen samt blodtrycket och dämpa stressrelaterad kortisolfrisättning, vilket skapar en mer avslappnad upplevelse för patienten. För att förebygga tandvårdsrädsla bör tandvårdsbesök anpassas efter individens behov. Ålder, kön, kulturell bakgrund och musikgenre spelar en central roll i hur väl en person svarar på musiken som alternativ resursBackground: Dental fear is common and affects approximately 15-20% of the world's population. This can negatively affect both oral and general health. Studies shows that people with dental fear often have more dental caries and poorer periodontal health. The fear is also linked to avoidance of dental care, which can lead to untreated dental problems, increased pain, shame and guilt, and lower oral health-related quality of life. Aim: The aim is to describe how music can be used as a resource in the treatment of individuals who are afraid of dentistry. Method: The literature study includes global studies regarding children and adolescents 6 to 18 years old and adults 18 to 83 years old. The literature search was limited to articles published between 2015 and 2025. A total of 16 studies were included in the results. Results: Music affects both physiological and psychological aspects of dental fear. Several studies showed that patients who listened to music during dental treatment experienced reduced dental anxiety, blood pressure, heart rate and cortisol levels. The effect varied depending on individual factors such as gender, age, music preferences and cultural background. Conclusion: Music can be an effective resource for alleviating both physical and psychological symptoms associated with dental fear. Its calming effects can lower heart rate and blood pressure and dampen stress-related cortisol release, creating a more relaxed experience for the patient. To prevent dental fear, dental visits should be adapted to the individual's needs. Age, gender, cultural background and music genre play a central role in how well a person responds to music as an alternative resource