Digitala Vetenskapliga Arkivet - Academic Archive On-line
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No full textThe Swedish preschool curriculum (Skolverket 2018) has specified requirements for language development work through reading aloud, while also clarifying the preschool’s teaching mission. The purpose of this study is to explore how preschool teachers view reading aloud as a tool for language development in preschool. The study is based on interviews with six preschool teachers and uses a sociocultural perspective for analysis. The results show that teachers see reading aloud as an important way to help children develop their language, especially by building vocabulary and storytelling skills. The teachers describe reading aloud not just as a daily routine, but as a planned activity where children can talk about stories and learn new words together with adults. The study also shows some challenges, such as lack of time and the need for more structure, but that talking with colleagues helps teachers improve their practice. In summary, the study highlights that reading aloud can support children’s language development when it is used purposefully in daily preschool activities
Identity and Second Language Learning : A qualitative interview study of teachers’ experience of the language’s connection and its effect on students
No full textA semi structured interview study with five English as a second language teachers in Swedish high schools to investigate the connection between identity and second language learning, teachers' awareness and perception of this connection, observed student behavior as well as teachers’ strategies while teaching. Accomplished through a thematic analysis of quotes from the interviews using teacher cognition theory, sociocultural theory and poststructuralist theory to answer what observable behaviours students display and how teachers are aware of the connection. The results show that the connection between identity and second language learning was clearly evident in the form of both negative and positive traits and behaviors exhibited by the students. Teacher awareness and knowledge of identity was implicitly high but rarely delt with in an explicit manner. The teachers’ strategies to mitigate poor behavior and foster good behavior however showed great awareness of the consequences of weak sense of identity and low self-esteem.
Low levels of awareness and motivation towards cancer prevention amongst the general public in Sweden : a cross-sectional study focusing on the European Code Against Cancer
No full textBackgroundThe European Code Against Cancer (ECAC) aims to increase the awareness of modifiable cancer risk factors among the general public. A goal set by the European Commission was that 80% of European citizens should be aware of this code by 2025. This study aims to examine the awareness and attitudes towards the ECAC among the general public in Sweden. MethodsA randomly selected sample of 1520 Swedes (18–84 years old) were recruited from a survey panel and invited to respond to an online study-specific questionnaire. The questionnaire included general questions regarding cancer prevention, as well as awareness and attitudes specific to the ECAC. Data were analysed univariately and with adjusted logistic regression, using post-stratification weights based on gender, age, education, and expressed political party orientation. ResultsIn total, 3.7% of the respondents had heard about the ECAC before taking this survey. Respondents with a college/university education were more likely to have heard about the ECAC (odds ratio [OR] 2.23; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.23–4.06). Males (OR 0.56; 95% CI 0.32–0.99), and those living alone (OR 0.47; 95% CI 0.23–0.95) were less likely to have heard about the ECAC. In total, 60.6% of the respondents agreed with the ECAC recommendations, while 27.4% reported that their motivation to improve their lifestyle increased after reading the ECAC. ConclusionsAwareness of the ECAC among the general public in Sweden is very low. Still, a majority seem to agree with its recommendations. The results also indicate that the ECAC motivates some, but far from all, to improve their lifestyle habits to reduce their cancer risk. Consequently, further research is warranted on how the ECAC best could and should be used in order to improve cancer prevention awareness and motivation
Ultrafast charge transfer dynamics in lead sulfide quantum dots probed with resonant Auger spectroscopy at the lead M-edge
No full textPbS quantum dots (QDs) hold significant potential for next-generation photovoltaic and photodetector applications due to their size-dependent electronic properties and strong absorption in the near-infrared region. In this study, we investigate charge transfer dynamics in PbS quantum dots of varying sizes, bulk PbS, and PbI2 reference samples using Resonant Auger- (RAS) and Core-Hole Clock Spectroscopy (CHCS). Mapping the Pb M-edge, we capture attosecond-scale electron transfer, using the Pb 3d core-hole lifetime as an internal clock. Our results reveal that PbS bulk samples and larger quantum dots exhibit faster charge transfer rates compared with smaller quantum dots and PbI2, which display slower rates. Additionally, by comparing charge transfer times in the Pb MNN and S KLL Auger regions, we demonstrate consistent behavior across different resonant excitation edges, reinforcing our understanding of how quantum dot size and ligand environment influence charge transport. These insights highlight the importance of optimizing QD size and surface chemistry to improve charge transfer efficiency, a critical factor for high-performance energy materials
Entering the Dark Side of Marketing : A qualitative study examining what impact ‘dark nudging’ techniques have on decision-making in e-commerce purchases and how these techniques influence consumer regret
No full textIn an era where the world has become highly digitalized, the e-commerce marketplace has in recent decades grown tremendously. From shopping at physical stores, consumers have turned towards the convenient form of online shopping, where a new form of marketing has arisen. To guide the choices of the consumers in the online environment, digital nudging has emerged, with its dark side growing rapidly. Companies will position nudges in their e-commerce sites to manipulate and trick their consumers into making decisions which are not in consumers' best interest. Dark nudges in marketing pressure into impulsiveness and lead to consumer regret. As this form of manipulative marketing is relatively new, we saw the need and found it interesting to examine the actual effects the dark nudges bring to consumers in their decision making while shopping online, how they can influence consumer regret for young adults, and to examine how this will affect the companies using them. Through a qualitative study, this thesis aims to provide insight into how consumers percieve dark nudging techniques in e-commerce, how these affect their decision making and how they lead to consumer regret. Also, to empower consumers into recognizing and resisting manipulative marketing tactics that are not in their best interest as well as examine the effects dark nudging has on how consumers percieve the company nudging them. To answer the research question "What impact do 'dark nudging' techniques have on decision-making in e-commerce purchases and how do these influence consumer regret of young adults in Sweden?" the study draws on literature on perceptual marketing, decision-making and nudging. Semi-structured interviews, supported by cues, with ten consumers in the chosen segment were conducted. The findings highlight different types of dark nudging techniques and how they can have both a negative and a positive effect for consumer's in their decision making. This thesis does not only offer a theoretical implication for understanding the effect dark nudging techniques has on consumer decision making but also, provides practical insights for companies seeking to establish ethical marketing principles that will show how to obtain and sustain company credibility and trust. This study contributes to an in-depth understanding and new insights into dark nudges, their impact on consumer decision making, consumer regret and how the deployment of such techniques affect a perception of a company. It also contributes to the ongoing debates in the legislative sphere on how to regulate and limit the use of dark nudges.
Fiber Activation in Bipolar Deep Brain Stimulation : A Patient Case Study
No full textDeep brain stimulation (DBS) is a therapy widely used for treating the symptoms of neurological disorders. Electrical pulses are chronically delivered in DBS to a disease-specific brain target via a surgically implanted electrode. The stimulating contact configuration, stimulation polarity, as well as amplitude, frequency, and pulse width of the DBS pulse sequence are utilized to optimize the therapeutic effect. In this paper, the utility of therapy individualization by means of patient-specific mathematical modeling is investigated with respect to a specific case of a patient diagnosed with Essential tremor (ET). Two computational models are compared in their ability to elucidate the impact of DBS stimulation on the Dentato-Rubro-Thalamic tract (DRTT): (i) a conventional model of volume of tissue activated (VTA) and (ii) a well-established, open-source simulation (OSS) neural fiber activation modeling framework known as OSS-DBS. The simulation results are compared with tremor measured in the patient under different DBS settings using a smartphone application. The findings of the study highlight that temporally static VTA models do not adequately describe the differences in the outcomes of bipolar stimulation settings with switched polarity, whereas neural fiber activation models hold potential in this regard. However, it is noted that neither of the investigated models fully accounts for the measured symptom pattern, particularly regarding a bilateral effect produced by unilateral stimulation
When Attachment Meets ADHD : A Literature Review on the Relationship between Attachment Patterns and ADHD
No full textDen här scoping-studie syftar till att sammanställa tidigare forskning om relationen mellan anknytningsmönster och Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) hos barn och ungdomar, samt att undersöka hur tidiga anknytningserfarenheter påverkar utvecklingen av symtomen. Genom att granska adekvat forskning och analysera resultatet med fokus på anknytningsteorin och Barkleys teori om ADHD, eftersträvar studien att ge en helhetsbetonad bild av funktionsnedsättningen för att bidra till ökad kunskap och därmed bidra med relevanta stöd och behandlingsinsatser. Resultatet av den här studien visar en tydlig koppling mellan diagnosen och otrygga anknytningsrelationer samt att brister i omsorgen av primära omsorgspersoner är ett betydande element för utvecklingen av anknytning och symtom för ADHD.This scoping study aims to compile existing research on the relationship between attachment patterns and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents, as well as to investigate how early attachment experiences affect the development of symptoms. By reviewing adequate research and analyzing the results with a focus on attachment theory and Barkley's theory of ADHD, the study strives to provide a holistic picture of the disability in order to contribute to increased knowledge and thus contribute with relevant support and treatment efforts. The results of this study show a clear link between the diagnosis and insecure attachment relationships and that deficiencies in the care of primary caregivers are a significant element for the development of attachment and symptoms for ADHD.
“Sexuality for people with disabilities – A forgotten right?” : How Care Staff Experience Education and Practical Support for Questions about Sexuality
No full textDenna kvalitativa studie undersöker hur omsorgspersonal upplever och använder sin utbildning kring sexualitet och samlevnad för personer med funktionsnedsättning, i det dagliga arbetet. Fokus är på hur sexualitet hanteras ur både verksamhets- och individperspektiv. Individperspektivet inkluderar analys av hur brukare kan objektifierad eller diskrimineras genom lagstiftning, riktlinjer och vardagliga praktiker. Genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med 24 yrkesverksamma inom LSS-relaterade verksamheter, upptäckets att 23 av 24 saknade specifik kompetensutveckling inom området. Detta ledde till en utvidgning av urvalet och en fördjupad analys av följdfrågor. En tematisk analys identifierade tre huvudteman: personalens attityder, intern kommunikation och behovet av utbildning. Nyckelresultaten för studien blev bristen på struktur och riktlinjer där majoriteten av personal saknade både utbildning och verktyg för hantering av frågor kring sexualitet. Normativa mönster som ledde till att brukarens sexualitet hanterades utifrån samhälleliga normer som marginalisering av funktionsvariationer. Slutsatsen blev att kompetensbristen kring sexuell hälsa reproducerar strukturella problem, inklusive objektifiering och rättighetsförsummelse. För att bryta detta mönster behövs utbildning som adresserar etiska dilemman och praktiska verktyg, samt en översyn av befintliga riktlinjer för att stärka brukarnas rättigheter. This qualitative study explores how care staff perceive and utilize their education regarding sexuality and relationships for individuals with disabilities in their daily work. The focus lies on how sexuality is addressed from both an organizational and individual perspective. The individual perspective includes an analysis of how service users may be objectified or discriminated against through legislation, guidelines, and everyday practices.Through semi-structured interviews with 24 professionals working in services related to the Swedish LSS (Act concerning Support and Service for Persons with Certain Functional Impairments), it was revealed that 23 out of 24 participants lacked specific competence development in this area. This led to an expansion of the sample and a deeper analysis of related follow-up questions. A thematic analysis identified three main themes: staff attitudes, internal communication, and the need for education. Key findings of the study highlighted the 3lack of structure and guidelines, with the majority of staff lacking both training and tools to address issues related to sexuality. Normative patterns resulted in service users' sexuality being managed according to societal norms that marginalize functional variations. The conclusion was that the lack of competence in sexual health reinforces structural issues, including objectification and the neglect of rights. To break this pattern, there is a need for education that addresses ethical dilemmas and provides practical tools, as well as a review of existing guidelines to strengthen the rights of service users
Artificiell Intelligens Inom Omvårdnad
No full textBackground: The digitalization of healthcare has created new opportunities to improve the quality of care and streamline workflows. One of the most significant technological advancements in healthcare is the implementation of artificial intelligence (AI). This implementation has led to a divide in attitudes among nurses. Some appreciate AI’s potential to facilitate care work, while others express concern over ethical and legal aspects, as well as the interpersonal relationships that are central to nursing. Aim: The aim was to synthesize the findings of studies that have examined the outcomes of AI implementations in somatic nursing care. Method: This study is a literature review in which quantitative studies have been compiled to report the outcomes of AI implementation on the work of nurses as well as on patient care. The selection consisted of scientific articles published after 2018, focusing on the implementation of AI within somatic care settings. Results: The results indicate that AI can assist in status assessments in ways that surpass traditional tools. AI has also been successfully implemented to free up more time for nurses in their clinical work. Regarding patient outcomes, AI has demonstrated the ability to enable faster interventions, reduce complications, shorten hospital stays, and increase patient satisfaction. Moreover, AI has shown potential in supporting self-care initiatives. Conclusion: Artificial intelligence is playing an increasingly significant role in nursing care, showing potential to enhance and streamline healthcare delivery. However, its implementation raises concerns related to patient safety and ethical practice. Nurses face challenges in balancing technological advancements with individual patient needs. Further research is needed to understand the impact of AI and how it can be integrated without compromising the nurse–patient relationship
Evaluation of anti-vibriocidal, antioxidant properties and cytotoxicity of bio fabricated/green synthesized silver nanoparticles using Euphorbia hitra L. leaf extract
No full textThe increasing focus on combating antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in aquaculture sector is driving innovations and better improvements to save billions of dollars globally. Two gram- negative bacteria which cause vibriosis, Vibrio parahaemolytics and Vibrio harveyi, are now resistant to multiple antibiotics. Green technology has evolved to produce novel antimicrobials with reduced potential for AMR and sustainable synthesis. The present study utilized a one-pot biofabrication method to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Euphorbia hitra leaf aqueous extract (EHLAE) through a bottom-up approach. The qualitative phytochemical examination of EHLAE confirmed the existence of diverse components including steroids, carbohydrates, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, saponins, glycosides, and phenols. These compounds have crucial role as reducing and capping AgNPs. The obtained gAgNPs were subjected to evaluate the physico-chemical properties such as Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR), functional groups, and crystalline structure, were verified by UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The morphology, elemental composition, and size distribution of the AgNPs synthesized using a green method were confirmed using advanced techniques including Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) with Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscope (HRTEM), and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS). The silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) shown potent anti-vibriocidal activity against both Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio harveyi and the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) for both bacteria were consistently 31.25 µg mL−1. The in vitro antioxidant tests showed effective results and the found IC50 values are 306 µg mL−1 for DPPH and 6.46 µg mL−1 for FRAP assays. Furthermore, the assessment of in vitro cytotoxicity on Vero cell lines revealed minimal toxicity, as evidenced by an IC50 value of 191.51 µg mL−1. The results reveals that the green synthesized AgNPs using Euphorbia hitra leaf have the potential to be used as effective alternatives for therapeutic purposes in combating the increasing problem of antimicrobial resistance in the aquaculture industry