Digitala Vetenskapliga Arkivet - Academic Archive On-line
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Throughput Analysis of Starlink Satellite Internet : Study on the Effects of Precipitation and Hourly Variability with TCP and UDP
No full textStarlink provides satellite internet connectivity to customers worldwide using Low Earth Orbit (LEO)-satellites connecting to ground stations and user equipment. How the throughput is affected by precipitation, time-of-day and different transport protocols are issues that have received a lot of interest. This affects particularly areas at higher latitudes which are covered by fewer satellites compared to Central Europe and the main regions of the United States. The present study was conducted in Stockholm, Sweden, at a latitude of 59.3 degrees north, well north of the main coverage area for Starlink. The experiments consist of throughput measurements with the internet measurement tool iPerf3 for two different transport protocols: Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and User Datagram Protocol (UDP). Precipitation (rainfall) measurements were conducted simultaneously. The results show a notable performance hit in the throughput when moderate rainfall (about 1 mm per hour) is present, about 16 percent for UDP and about 28 percent for TCP. The data also show that the throughput varies during different hours of the day with around 21 percent for UDP and 32 percent for TCP. The highest throughput is received at night and early mornings. In conclusion, our study provides further knowledge about the effects of precipitation and hourly variability with TCP and UDP on Starlink’s performance, specifically when operated at latitudes outside of Starlink’s main coverage area.Part of ISBN 9781685582760QC 20250526Sustainable Mobile Autonomous and Resilient 6G SatCom research center (SMART 6GSAT
The HIBEAM instrument at the European spallation source
No full textThe European spallation source (ESS) will be the world's brightest neutron source and will open a new intensity frontier in particle physics. The HIBEAM collaboration aims to exploit the unique potential of the ESS with a dedicated ESS instrument for particle physics which offers world-leading capability in a number of areas. The HIBEAM program includes the first search in thirty years for free neutrons converting to antineutrons and searches for sterile neutrons, ultralight axion dark matter and nonzero neutron electric charge. This paper outlines the capabilities, design, infrastructure, and scientific potential of the HIBEAM program, including its dedicated beamline, neutron optical system, magnetic shielding and control, and detectors for neutrons and antineutrons. Additionally, we discuss the long-term scientific exploitation of HIBEAM, which may include measurements of the neutron electric dipole moment and precision studies of neutron decays
Digital interventions as part of routine addiction care in Sweden : healthcare staff perceptions of what works
No full textBackground: Every year about three million people die globally due to harmful alcohol use. The treatment gap remains high: only about 14% of individuals with problematic alcohol use access treatment. The implementation of digital interventions, addressing problematic alcohol use, into healthcare can be one way of reducing the treatment gap. However, little is known about how healthcare staff perceive the integration of digital interventions in routine addiction care. The aim of the study was to identify and describe healthcare staff's experiences of perceived benefits of digital interventions for patients with alcohol use disorders (AUD), introduced in recent years within routine specialized addiction care in Sweden. The aim was further to explore how the use of such interventions in this setting could be further developed. Methods: This study was conducted as an exploratory qualitative interview study with 16 informants from addiction care staff in Stockholm, Sweden. The informants came from three different groups: clinical managers, staff referring outpatients to digital interventions from within addiction care, and therapists from an e-support unit. The interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed with thematic analysis. Results: Three themes illustrated the benefits of digital interventions in routine addiction care, and future development areas. The theme An easy way in reflected the importance of easy access to addiction care where care would be flexible and available to everyone. Meeting individual patient needs raised the question of how to adapt treatment formats to the patients' individual needs. Smoothly interlocking organizational gears highlighted the need for structure and cooperation between digital care and in-person care. Each theme included three additional subthemes. Conclusions: The study identifies key factors for successfully integrating digital interventions in addiction care, highlighting the importance of staff engagement, structured workflows, training, and ongoing evaluation using a sociological framework
Identification of soluble biomarkers that associate with distinct manifestations of long COVID
No full textLong coronavirus disease (COVID) is a heterogeneous clinical condition of uncertain etiology triggered by infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Here we used ultrasensitive approaches to profile the immune system and the plasma proteome in healthy convalescent individuals and individuals with long COVID, spanning geographically independent cohorts from Sweden and the United Kingdom. Symptomatic disease was not consistently associated with quantitative differences in immune cell lineage composition or antiviral T cell immunity. Healthy convalescent individuals nonetheless exhibited higher titers of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 than individuals with long COVID, and extensive phenotypic analyses revealed a subtle increase in the expression of some co-inhibitory receptors, most notably PD-1 and TIM-3, among SARS-CoV-2 nonspike-specific CD8(+) T cells in individuals with long COVID. We further identified a shared plasma biomarker signature of disease linking breathlessness with apoptotic inflammatory networks centered on various proteins, including CCL3, CD40, IKBKG, IL-18 and IRAK1, and dysregulated pathways associated with cell cycle progression, lung injury and platelet activation, which could potentially inform the diagnosis and treatment of long COVID
Hinder som medför att kvinnor avstår sin mammografiundersökning : En litteraturstudie
No full textAbstraktBakgrund: Bröstcancer är den vanligaste cancerformen bland kvinnor där mammografiscreening är en effektiv metod för tidig upptäckt. Trots att screening erbjuds i många länder, inklusive Sverige, deltar inte alla kvinnor. Röntgensjuksköterskor spelar en central roll i att skapa en trygg och informativ miljö. Denna studie undersöker vad som hindrar kvinnors deltagande och hur röntgensjuksköterskan i sin roll kan bidra till att öka deltagandet och förbättra folkhälsan. Syfte: Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att belysa kvinnors erfarenheter av vad som kan hindra deras beslutet av att delta i mammografiscreening. Metod: Denna studie genomfördes som en kvalitativ litteraturstudie där forskning om kvinnors erfarenheter kring mammografiscreening undersöktes. Sökningar gjordes i databaserna CINAHL och PubMed. Etiska överväganden säkerställdes genom att endast inkludera artiklar med etiskt förhållningssätt och informerat samtycke. Resultat: Delades in i tre huvudkategorier med åtta underkategorier: Psykiska och fysiska påfrestningar med underkategorier, strukturella barriärer med underkategorier och sociokulturella svårigheter med underkategorier. Konklusion: Studien visar att olika hinder påverkar kvinnors deltagande i mammografiscreening, vilket ställer krav på röntgensjuksköterskans förmåga att arbeta personcentrerat och kommunicerande. För att främja jämlikt deltagande behövs även insatser som ökar tillgängligheten och anpassar informationen efter olika behov
Increased risk of osteoporotic fractures and osteoporosis in patients with Addison's disease in Sweden : A nationwide population-based cohort study
No full textBackground: The risk of major osteoporotic fractures (MOFs) and osteoporosis in patients with autoimmune Addison's disease (AAD) is unclear. Objective: To investigate the risk of MOF in patients with AAD and the possible correlation with adrenal hormone replacement doses. Methods: Swedish national health registers were used to identify 1869 subjects with AAD and 16,844 matched controls. The primary outcome was MOF, and the secondary outcome was treatment with osteoporosis medications. Marginal Cox models were used to compare time-to-event outcomes. The study period spanned from 1 July 2005 until 31 December 2020. Individuals at risk were followed from inclusion until censored or the end of the study period. Results: A total of 77 patients with AAD (7.1/1000 person-years [PY]), and 387 matched controls (3.9/1000 PY) were diagnosed with MOF. The risk of MOF was higher in patients with AAD compared to matched controls, with an adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) of 1.82 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.41-2.35) and increased in both male and female patients, with aHR of 2.51 (95% CI, 1.56-4.02) and 1.65 (95% CI, 1.22-2.24), respectively. Patients with AAD had an increased risk of treatment with osteoporosis medications: aHR 3.25 (95% CI, 2.71-3.99), compared to controls. No significant differences in MOF rates were observed between patients treated with intermediate or high doses of glucocorticoids compared to low doses (p = 0.967 and p = 0.580, respectively). Similarly, stratification by mineralocorticoid dose (<0.10 vs. >= 0.10 mg/day) showed no significant association regarding MOF (p = 0.915). Conclusions: The risk of MOF is increased in patients with AAD without any apparent correlation to adrenal hormone replacement doses
Olycksfallsutredningar i byggbranschen - finns lärdomar att hämta från luftfarten? : Delrapport 1: Förutsättningar och ramar för olycksfallsutredningar
No full textFÖRORENINGAR AV dsRNA I mRNA VACCIN - Utveckling av en metod för detektion och kvantifiering
No full textThe Swedish theoretical framework of acceptability questionnaire : translation, cultural adaptation, and descriptive pilot evaluation
No full textBACKGROUND: Successful complex healthcare interventions require evaluations of acceptability. Acceptability is suggested to impact intervention implementation, uptake, adherence, intended outcomes, and overall effectiveness. Namely, interventions that are not acceptable to those delivering or receiving them may hinder the key components from being delivered as intended or the recipients from engaging with the interventions as required. However, no validated questionnaire that evaluates acceptability was found in Swedish. METHODS: We translated the generic Theoretical Framework of Acceptability questionnaire into Swedish, culturally adapted it, and conducted a descriptive pilot evaluation of its psychometric properties. The process involved iterative translation and cultural adaptation following the COSMIN checklist. The questionnaire underwent a forward-backwards translation and an evaluation of face and content validity by an expert panel of researchers. Thereafter, the face validity and comprehensibility of the translated version were evaluated using cognitive interviews and the think-aloud technique; this process was carried out in two rounds of interviews, each with a lay panel of healthcare professionals comprising intervention deliverers and receivers. Lastly, the Swedish version was piloted on 16 Swedish healthcare professionals who had received an educational intervention. RESULTS: The evaluations of face validity, comprehensibility, and the descriptive pilot evaluation indicate a successful translation, cultural adoption, and usability of the Theoretical Framework of Acceptability questionnaire. The evaluation of content validity showed some problems with the validity of the scale and 7 out of 10 items was below threshold values. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, the Swedish Theoretical Framework of Acceptability questionnaire seems like a useful brief screening tool for the acceptability of healthcare interventions. The translation process revealed unresolved issues with content validity, possibly explained by the previously reported lack of consensus on the meaning of 'acceptability'. Complementing free text answers or interviews could strengthen the understanding of any unclear questionnaire elements. Our findings support the generic Theoretical Framework of Acceptability questionnaire developers' recommendations of continued cognitive interviewing and psychometric evaluations in any new setting. In addition, we recommend cross-measure validation between the existing acceptability questionnaires to help further refining the measurement of acceptability
