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Atomic layer deposition of AlxTi1-xN via co-evaporation of metal precursors
No full textDifferent approaches are used in tailoring properties of thin films to meet the requirements of specific applications. This study comprises work done on atomic layer deposition of Al (x) Ti1-x N employing the co-evaporation approach using tris-dimethylamido aluminum [Al(NMe2)(3)], tetrakis(dimethylamido)titanium (IV) [Ti(NMe2)(4)], and ammonia (NH3) plasma. High Al-content, low impurity (O and C, both &lt;5 at. %) films with uniform grain size distribution and dense morphology were deposited. The as-deposited films were x-ray amorphous, but mixed crystallographic phases were observed when the films were annealed at 700 degrees C. The deposited aluminum-rich Al (x) Ti1-x N films show an alternative way for ternary material depositions.Funding Agencies|Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research through the project "Time-resolved low temperature CVD for III-nitrides" [SSF-RMA 15-0018]; Swedish Government Strategic Research Area in Materials Science on Advanced Functional Materials at Linkoping University (Faculty Grant SFO-Mat-LiU) [2009-00971]; Seco Tools</p
Clinical vs. statistical significance: considerations for clinical laboratories
No full textAmongst the main perspectives when evaluating the results of medical studies are statistical significance (following formal statistical testing) and clinical significance. While statistical significance shows that a factor's observed effect on the study results is unlikely (for a given alpha) to be due to chance, effect size shows that the factor's effect is substantial enough to be clinically useful. The essence of statistical significance is "negative" - that the effect of a factor under study probably did not happen by chance. In contrast, effect size and clinical significance evaluate whether a clinically "positive" effect of a factor is effective and cost-effective. Medical diagnoses and treatments should never be based on the results of a single study. Results from numerous well-designed studies performed in different circumstances are needed, focusing on the magnitude of the effects observed and their relevance to the medical matters being studied rather than on the p-values. This paper discusses statistical inference and its relevance to clinical importance of quantitative testing in clinical laboratories. To achieve this, we first pose questions focusing on fundamental statistical concepts and their relationship to clinical significance. The paper also aims to provide examples of using the methodological approaches of superiority, equivalence, non-inferiority, and inferiority studies in clinical laboratories, which can be used in evidence-based decision-making processes for laboratory professionals
Att läsa för färdighet eller för upplevelsen? : En studie av arbetsuppgifternas inriktning på efferent och estetisk läsning i svenskläroböcker för årskurs 2
No full textSyftet med studien är att undersöka vilken läsart som arbetsuppgifter till skönlitterära texter i läroböcker i svenska för årskurs 2 uppmuntrar till. Syftet är också att undersöka vilka uppgiftskulturer som förmedlas genom dessa uppgifter. Studien utgår ifrån Rosenblatts transaktionsteori (2002) och Ullströms uppgiftskulturer (2009) som studiens resultat förstås utifrån. Materialet består av arbetsuppgifter till skönlitterära texter i Läsresan 2 Arbetsbok, Ord & äventyr 2, Arbetsbok och ZickZack Läsrummet, åk 2. Arbetsuppgifter från de tre läroböckerna analyseras först med en kvantitativ innehållsanalys och följs upp med en kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Analysverktyget för den kvantitativa innehållsanalysen är transaktionsteorins begrepp efferent och estetisk läsning, vilket är två olika förhållningssätt att läsa (även kallat läsarter). Analysverktyget för den kvalitativa innehållsanalysen är inspirerat av Ullströms uppgiftskulturer (2009) för att undersöka vilka kulturer som arbetsuppgifterna förmedlar. Med utgångspunkt ur de två analyserna har sedan sambandet mellan läsarterna och uppgiftskulturerna undersökts. Resultaten av studien visar att det är den efferenta läsarten som flest arbetsuppgifter till skönlitterära texter uppmuntrar till och att samtliga uppgiftskulturer förmedlas genom uppgifterna. Det går även att finna en koppling mellan den efferenta läsningen och uppgiftskulturen uppgifter som läskontroll samt estetisk läsning och uppgiftskulturen uppgifter som flykt med texten. En slutsats som dras är att om lärare vill att eleverna ska få tillfälle till estetisk läsning behöver läroböckerna kompletteras med andra texter och uppgifter.
Att bygga infrastruktur för forskning : Den Gustavianska samlingen vid Uppsala universitetsbibliotek
No full textRomani chib och språklig revitalisering utanför förvaltningsområdets skydd och rättigheter
No full textPlasma concentrations of neurofilament light, p-Tau231 and glial fibrillary acidic protein are elevated in patients with chronic kidney disease and correlate with measured glomerular filtration rate
No full textBackground: Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have a high prevalence of cerebrovascular disease and cognitive impairment. The objective was to analyse whether plasma concentrations of neurofilament light chain (NfL), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and phosphorylated Tau231 (p-Tau231) are elevated in patients with CKD and to identify independent predictors of these biomarkers, with an emphasis on the role of measured glomerular filtration rate (mGFR). Methods: In this cross-sectional cohort study, we included 110 patients with CKD stages 3 and 4 (estimated GFR 15-59 ml/min/1.73 m(2)) without manifest cerebrovascular disease or dementia, and 55 healthy controls. Biomarkers of neurological disorders were measured with ultrasensitive single molecule array methods. Results: Plasma concentrations (median [IQR]) of NfL (37.5 [22.1-47.5] vs. 13.4 [10.5-16.7] ng/L, p < 0.001), p-Tau231 (25.7 [19.1-38.7] vs. 13.9 [10.5-16.3] ng/L, p < 0.001) and GFAP (190 [140-281] vs. 153 [116-211] ng/L, p < 0.001) were elevated in patients with CKD vs. controls. Measured GFR was negatively correlated with NfL (r = - 0.706, p < 0.001), p-Tau231 (r = - 0.561, p < 0.001), and GFAP (r = - 0.385, p < 0.001). In multivariable linear regression models, mGFR was an independent predictor of log-transformed plasma concentrations of NfL (standardized beta coefficient [beta] = - 0.439, p < 0.001) and GFAP (beta = - 0.321, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Patients with CKD had elevated plasma concentrations of NfL, p-Tau231 and GFAP compared with controls, and these biomarkers were inversely correlated with mGFR. Measured GFR was a significant, independent predictor of plasma concentrations of NfL and GFAP in patients with CKD. The mechanisms underlying this association need further investigation. Plasma levels of NfL and GFAP should be interpreted cautiously in patients with marked reductions in GFR
A genome-wide association study of imaging-defined atherosclerosis
No full textImaging-defined atherosclerosis represents an intermediate phenotype of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on directly measured coronary plaques using coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) are scarce. In the so far largest population-based cohort with CCTA data, we performed a GWAS on coronary plaque burden as determined by the segment involvement score (SIS) in 24,811 European individuals. We identified 20 significant independent genetic markers for SIS, three of which were found in loci not implicated in ASCVD before. Further GWAS on coronary artery calcification showed similar results to that of SIS, whereas a GWAS on ultrasound-assessed carotid plaques identified both shared and non-shared loci with SIS. In two-sample Mendelian randomization studies using SIS-associated markers in UK Biobank and CARDIoGRAMplusC4D, one extra coronary segment with atherosclerosis corresponded to 1.8-fold increased odds of myocardial infarction. This GWAS data can aid future studies of causal pathways in ASCVD.Funding Agencies|Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation; Swedish Research Council; VINNOVA (Sweden's Innovation agency); University of Gothenburg; Sahlgrenska University Hospital; Karolinska Institutet and Region Stockholm; Linkoping University and University Hospital; Lund University and Skane University Hospital; Umea University and University Hospital; Uppsala University and University Hospital; Swedish Research Council [2018-05973, 2023-02177]; Swedish Heart-Lung Foundation [2023-0439, 2024-1135, 2024-1137]; Swedish Government; County councils; ALF-agreement [ALFGBG-991828]</p
Convictions in court records with a lethal outcome : A study based on courts in Västra Göinge, Östra Göinge and Lund between 1950-1954 and 1960-1964
No full textThe aim with the following study is to present information regarding convicted criminals who have committed a crime with a lethal outcome. This essay will bring up convictions from three different courts, Västra Göinge domsagas häradsrätt, Östra Göinge domsagas häradsrätt and rådhusrätten i Lund, between 1950-1954 and 1960-1964. The questions this essay intend to answer are: how many people were convicted, what age and gender did they belong to, did they suffer from mental or social disabilities, how did traffic accidents with a lethal outcome change between the time periods and how can all of this be used in high school education. The results show that 90% of the convicts were men. Regarding the age, most of them were between the age of 15-24 and 35-44. Furthermore, the two people convicted for manslaughter suffered from mental and social disabilities. Regarding negligent homicide in traffic, it slightly decreased in Västra Göinge and Östra Göinge but increased in Lund. It is also concluded in this essay that crime history can be very useful in Swedish high schools.
Can't beautiful women work in a library? : A qualitative analysis of the embodiment of librarian stereotypes in contemporary film
No full textThis thesis examines the portrayal of librarians in contemporary films, with a particular focus on stereotypical representations. Through a qualitative analysis of 13 films produced between 2000 and 2023, 20 librarian characters are studied. The aim is to explore their appearance and lives, and to investigate whether older stereotypes, such as the traditional “old maid - librarian,” still persist in today’s films. The results show that while some progress has been made in how librarians are portrayed, many of the old stereotypes remain, influencing the public’s perception of the profession. The thesis also highlights how these cinematic representations can impact the profession’s status and self-image, particularly in a field dominated by women. This analysis contributes to a deeper understanding of how media representations can reinforce or challenge existing professional stereotypes
It is very positive, necessary and long-awaited : A qualitative study on how professionals within social services view the new Social Services Act
No full textSyftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur yrkesverksamma inom socialtjänsten uppfattar den nya socialtjänstlagen som förväntas träda i kraft i juli 2025. Den nya lagen syftar till att förändra socialtjänstens arbete till att bli mer lättillgängligt och flexibelt, bland annat genom möjligheten att erbjuda insatser utan individuell behovsprövning. Ambitionen är också att socialtjänsten ska arbeta mer förebyggande och proaktivt. Samtidigt ställer den nya lagen ökade krav på samverkan mellan olika samhällsaktörer, så som skola och hälso- och sjukvård. Studien bygger på kvalitativa intervjuer med professionella inom socialtjänsten i tre olika kommuner i Sverige. Särskilt fokus ligger på hur yrkesverksamma uppfattar lagens intentioner om ett mer förebyggande arbetssätt och på vilka utmaningar respektive möjligheter som yrkesverksamma ser. Resultatet visar att det finns en grundläggande positiv inställning till lagens intentioner, särskilt vad gäller möjligheterna till tidiga och förebyggande insatser. Empirin visar samtidigt en viss osäkerhet kring hur lagens krav, särskilt vad gäller dokumentation, ska implementeras i praktiken.