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Svenska villkorskonstruktioner och axiologi
No full textThree types of previously unstudied axiological conditional constructions are investigated. The first type is the potential construction with Quantifiers of Factual Proximity (QPF): Om du säger ett ord tillQPF slår jag dig på käften ('If you say one more word, I will punch you in the face'). The second type is the counterfactual construction with QPF: Om han tagit ett steg till, hade han varit död ('If he had taken one more step, he would have been dead'). The third type is the norm-breaking potential construction with the Compound conditional and the Pluperfect: Det skulle ha betytt allt om jag hade fått dom ('It would mean [lit. would have meant] everything if I got [lit. had got] them'). The different speech acts that the constructions perform are also studied: the construction types carry out expressive speech acts and some other speech acts as "threats" and "promises". From a typological perspective, it will be contended that the first and the second construction types are universal, while the third is language-specific
Development and Identification of Amine-based Deep Eutectic Solvents for CO2 Capture
No full textAmine-based deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are promising alternatives to conventional amines for CO2 capture; however, the molecular design principle to achieve practical performance remains unclear. In response to this challenge, this licentiate thesis aims to develop DES-based solvents that achieve balanced performance in 30 wt% aqueous solutions, including high absorption capacity, efficient desorption, good thermal stability, and manageable viscosity, with ethanolamine (MEA) used as the reference. In the first part of this work, ethylenediamine (EDA) and diethylenetriamine (DETA) were selected as hydrogen-bond donors (HBD), while a series of hydrogen-bond acceptors (HBAs) were varied to evaluate their effects on CO2 absorption and desorption behaviors. The solvents were evaluated for absorption capacity and absorption rate at 22 °C and 1 bar, for desorption and cyclic loading at 110 °C, and for thermal stability using thermogravimetric (TG) and derivative thermogravimetric (DTG). From this side-by-side comparison, 30 wt% aqueous [TrizCl][DETA] was identified as the most practical candidate. It achieves a CO2 absorption capacity of 0.164 g-CO2/g-solvent and an absorption rate of 0.183 g-CO2/(g-solvent·min), provides the largest cyclic loading of 0.091 g-CO2/g-solvent, and exhibits an onset decomposition temperature (Tonset) of approximately 178.7 °C. Although EDA-based DESs demonstrate the highest capacity and rapid absorption, for example, a 30 wt% aqueous [N-1,2,4-TrizCl][EDA] solution reaches 0.203 g-CO2/g-solvent, they exhibit limited thermal stability. Building on these findings, the second part of the study focused on structure-property relationships by fixing [TrizCl] as the HBA and varying the amine-based HBDs, including diamines, triamines, and alkanolamines. The comparison revealed that the balanced performance of [TrizCl][DETA] arises from the optimal combination of the triazolium-based HBA and the triamine HBD, which provides sufficient basicity and hydrogen-bonding capacity for CO2 activation. Additionally, [TrizCl][DETA] maintains workable viscosity after CO2 absorption at about 7.5 mPa·s, and exhibits stable absorption-desorption behaviors. Corrosion, oxidative degradation, and mechanistic analyses confirm its stability and explain the rise of moderate viscosity via carbamate and bicarbonate formation, indicating strong potential for CO2 capture and solvent recycling
CO2 electrochemical reduction to CO with ionic liquids: evaluation and technology exploration
No full textElectrochemical CO2 reduction (CO2RR) is one of the most promising methods for decreasing the concentration of CO2, meanwhile, converting them into the high value-added chemicals, which has been more and more investigated and developed recently. Imidazolium ionic liquids (ILs) have been widely used as electrolytes in CO2RR and shown satisfactory performance. While the function of ILs is still unclear. Besides, the economic feasibility and potential of CO2RR with ILs-based electrolytes as well as the environmental effects are also unclear. Therefore, this work focuses on the technology evaluation and exploration for CO2RR-to-CO with ILs-based electrolyte. Firstly, a literature review about CO2RR to CO, CH4, CH3OH, and syngas (H2/CO=1:1 and 1:2) in ILs-based electrolytes was conducted. Then the processes to obtain these C1-products were analyzed from both economic and environmental aspects based on the state-of-the-art technology and the rationally hypothetical future cases. The results show that CO is the most valuable product considering both the economic benefits and environmental impact, which will be more lucrative in the future with the improvement of CO2RR performance. Then, based on 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([BMIM][PF6]), a series of imidazolium ILs with various proton in the group (-CH3, -CH3OH and -SH, noted as [BMMIM][PF6], [BMOHIM][PF6] and [BMSHIM][PF6], respectively) at C2 site of the imidazole ring were synthesized and used as electrolyte to perform CO2RR over a commercial Ag foil. As a result, the more inert the active proton, the more favorable for the production of CO. Notably, nearly 100% CO was obtained when [BMMIM][PF6] with the most inert proton. This confirms that the C2-H of the imidazole ring has an important influence on CO2RR performance and may be involved in the reaction. Finally, [BMMIM][PF6] and [BMIM][PF6] were selected as the electrolytes to conduct CO2RR over a bimetallic catalyst. As a result, the product from 99.69% HCOOH switched into 98.85% CO only via changing the electrolyte from [BMIM][PF6] into [BMMIM][PF6]. Mechanistic studies reveal that the CO2 adsorption configuration on the surface of the catalyst was altered when switching to another IL with a different CO2 active site, resulting in two distinct pathways for the generation of HCOOH and CO, respectively.
Numérique et droit à l’identité : quel accès de l’enfant adopté à ses origines?
No full textThis article examines how digitisation can contribute to the protection and enforcement of the identity rights of adopted children. More specifically, it assesses the relationship between technologies such as blockchain and digital identity systems, and online legal services, and international and European texts such as the International Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) and the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights (ECHR). In addition to this analysis, the article highlights the tensions between conflicting interests regarding access to one's origins, privacy and data confidentiality. The prevalence of one interest over another depends on the discretionary power of states. The aim is to reveal how digital technology can help to resolve these issues. When based on reliable legal guarantees that respect children's interests, digital spaces can ensure the effectiveness and respect of children's rights. This is particularly true in the case of international or irregular adoptions. The paper examines the promises and challenges of digital innovation and proposes ways in which this technology can be used to respect and enforce the right to identity of adopted children.L’article interroge l’apport que peut avoir la numérisation sur le respect et l’effectivité des droits identitaires des enfants adoptés. Plus précisément, il s’agit d’apprécier les rapports que les technologies telles que la blockchain, les systèmes d’identité numérique et les services juridiques en ligne entretiennent avec les textes internationaux et européens comme la Convention internationale relative aux droits de l’enfant (CIDE), la Convention européenne de sauvegarde des droits de l’homme (CESDH) ou encore les actes de l’Union européenne. Outre cette analyse, l’article met en lumière les tensions qu’il existe entre les intérêts antagonistes que sont le droit d’accès à ses origines, la protection de la vie privée, la confidentialité des données, dont la prévalence de l’un sur l’autre relève d’autant plus d’un pouvoir plus ou moins discrétionnaire des États. L’intérêt est alors de révéler l’apport que peut constituer le Numérique pour répondre à cette problématique. En effet, lorsqu’ils sont fondés sur des garanties juridiques éprouvées et respectueuses des intérêts de l’enfant, les espaces numériques sont un moyen d’assurer l’effectivité et le respect des droits de ce dernier. Cet enjeu se mesure tout particulièrement s’agissant des adoptions internationales ou irrégulières. L’étude examine tant les promesses que les défis de l’innovation numérique et propose de s’appuyer sur cette technologie pour respecter et faire respecter le droit à l’identité des enfants adoptés. Adoption och barns rätt till skydd: europeiska perspekti
INFRACOMS Appraisal Toolkit for NRAs to Assess Emerging Technologies in Bridge and Pavement Management
No full textNational Road Authorities (NRAs) draw on a wide range of technologies and tools to support robust decisions on asset maintenance. However, in recent years there has been significant progress in the development of sensing technologies for data collection and advanced techniques for data processing. These technologies present an opportunity to improve asset management decisions, but also present a challenge for NRAs, as they seek to realise the benefits. This contribution presents the appraisal methodology for emerging technologies proposed by the INFRACOMS project commissioned by the Conference of European Directors of Roads (CEDR). The methodology provides objective appraisals since technologies are scrutinised against proposed subsequent criteria. Cost factors, potential benefit categories and limitations are identified. Technologies are ranked by key imperatives and scored. Technologies with a good score are evaluated more thoroughly, which may need specialist input and discussions with the technology supplier. It results in a technical score, a benefit/cost assessment and identified steps in a roadmap toward implementation. The NRAs can share their individual appraisals in a database. The second part of the project develops an action plan to guide NRAs in adapting and implementing promising emerging technologies and training sessions on the use of the developed appraisal toolkit
The Safety Belt estimator under multivariate linear models with inequality constraints
No full textThe main goal of this paper is to determine maximum likelihood estimators under a multivariate linear model with prior information introduced via inequality restrictions on the mean parameters. The restrictions are in the form of quadratic inequalities. Methods from convex optimization theory play a fundamental role in determining the estimators. A characteristic of the new estimators, called Safety Belt estimators, is that depending on the observed data, there are two alternative solutions to the likelihood equations.Funding Agencies|Poznan University of Technology, Poland [0213/SBAD/0119]; Polish National Science Center [NCN UMO-2018/31/B/ST1/00253]</p
Ore extensions of abelian groups with operators
No full textGiven a set A and an abelian group B with operators in A, in the sense of Krull and Noether, we introduce the Ore group extension B[x;δ_B,σ_B] as the additive group B[x], with A[x] as a set of operators. Here, the action of A[x] on B[x] is defined by mimicking the multiplication used in the classical case where A and B are the same ring. We derive generalizations of Vandermonde's and Leibniz's identities for this construction, and they are then used to establish associativity criteria. Additionally, we prove a version of Hilbert's basis theorem for this structure, under the assumption that the action of A on B is what we call weakly s-unital. Finally, we apply these results to the case where B is a left module over a ring A, and specifically to the case where A and B coincide with a non-associative ring which is left distributive but not necessarily right distributive
Primary school teachers’ perceptions of critical thinking in general and in their teaching
No full textCritical thinking (CT) is a key education goal internationally, and enables people to navigate the growing amount of information and make informed decisions on increasingly complex issues. The term CT is frequently used in educational policy documents and curricula, and teachers play a key role in delivering effective CT instruction. Studies indicate that although teachers recognize the importance of CT, many lack an understanding of what CT really means, and feel unprepared to teach CT. Further research is needed to obtain a deeper understanding of what CT in primary school implies. As teachers tend to teach in accordance with their perception of CT, it is important to gain an insight into how teachers understand CT. This exploratory qualitative study investigates how a group of Norwegian primary school teachers (n = 56) perceive the concept of CT, both in general and in their teaching. Using reflexive thematic analysis of reflection notes (n = 56) and semi-structured group interviews (n = 15), we found that skills are emphasized more than dispositions. Teachers primarily have a skills-disposition view of CT, with limited attention to its social dimensions. Dispositions seem to be excluded from their views of CT in relation to teaching, which is considered problematic, as dispositions can be seen as the driving force for CT. As an educational implication of our study, we can conclude that there is a need for professional development for teachers to be aware of the necessity of teaching dispositions as well as skills, and for them to include the social aspects of CT
Reinforced model selection for resource efficient anomaly detection in edge clouds
No full textWeb application services and networks encounter a broad range of security and performance anomalies, necessitating sophisticated detection strategies. However, performing anomaly detection in edge cloud environments, often constrained by limited resources, presents significant computational challenges and demands minimized detection time for real-time response. In this paper, we propose a model selection approach for resource efficient anomaly detection in edge clouds by leveraging an adapted Deep Q-Network (DQN) reinforcement learning technique. The primary objective is to minimize the computational resources required for accurate anomaly detection while achieving low latency and high detection accuracy. Through extensive experimental evaluation in our testbed setup over different representative scenarios, we demonstrate that our adapted DQN approach can reduce resource usage by up to 45 % and detection time by up to 85 % while incurring less than an 8 % drop in F1 score. These results highlight the potential of the adapted DQN model selection strategy to enable efficient, low-latency anomaly detection in resource-constrained edge cloud environments