Jurnal Sylva Lestari
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Pemanfaatan Maltodextrin Singkong untuk Perekat Ramah Lingkungan dalam Pembuatan Papan Partikel dari Bagas Sorgum (Utilization of Cassava Maltodextrin for Eco-friendly Adhesive in the Manufacturing of Sorghum Bagasse Particleboard)
Full text linkThe development of natural adhesives derived from non-fossil resources is very important for the future. This research aimed to develop natural adhesive from maltodextrin and compare it with other natural adhesives such as citric acid and malic acid for particleboard production. The effect of the adhesive raw materials on the physical and mechanical properties of the particleboards was investigated. The sweet sorghum and those natural adhesives were used in the manufacturing of particleboard. The resin content of the natural adhesive was 20 wt% base on air-dried particles. The dimension and density target of the boards were 30 x 30 x 0,9 cm3 and 0,8 g/cm3, respectively. The particleboards were prepared by hot pressing at 200°C for 10 min. The physical and mechanical properties of particleboards were evaluated based on Japanese Industrial Standard for particleboard (JIS A 5908-2003). The results showed that the density, moisture content, modulus of elasticity, and modulus of rupture met the requirements of the JIS A 5908-2003 standard, while the thickness swelling, water absorption, and internal bond did not meet the standard requirements. The results of FTIR analysis indicated the establishment of ester linkages due to the reaction between the natural adhesive and sorghum bagasse that contributed to the excellent physical and mechanical properties of the particleboard.Keywords: cassava, maltodextrin, natural adhesive, particleboard, sweet sorghu
Struktur dan Asosiasi Vegetasi Mangrove di Hilir DAS Torue, Parigi Moutong, Sulawesi Tengah (Structure and Association of Mangrove Vegetation in Torue Watershed Downstream, Parigi Moutong, Central Sulawesi)
Full text linkOne important aspect needed in mangrove forest management was the data and information available regarding structure and associations. However, the structure and association of mangrove forests in the Torue watershed downstream had not been identified. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the structure and association of mangrove forests in the Torue watershed downstream. This research used the plot path method with a path and plot combination. Path placement was done by purposive sampling. The results showed that the mangrove forest structure of the Torue watershed downstream consisted of three canopy layers, i.e., Stratum C, D, and E, which were dominated by seedling and sapling growth rates. Stratum C was dominated by Sonneratia alba type, and Stratum D was dominated by Bruguiera gymnorizha and Bruguiera sexangula types. In contrast, Stratum E was dominated by Rhizophora mucronata and Rhizophora apiculata types. There was no association between mangrove vegetation and all species. However, three pairs of species had a positive association coefficient, namely: Sonneratia alba with Rhizophora apiculata with a coefficient value of 0,42, Rhizophora mucronata with Bruguiera gymnorhiza, and Rhizophora mucronata with Bruguiera sexangula each coefficient value of 0,06, which was not associated with five species, namely Sonneratia alba, Rhizophora mucronata, Rhizophora apiculata, Bruguiera gymnorizha, and Bruguiera sexangula. The results of this study could be the basis of the guidelines for sustainability in mangrove forest management.Keywords: association, mangrove forest, vegetation structure, watershe
Effects of Hydrolysis on the Removal of Cured Urea-Formaldehyde Adhesive in Waste Medium-Density Fiberboard
Full text linkThe vast production of medium-density fiberboard (MDF) in the world is expected to generate a large quantity of waste MDF after its service life, which requires the recycling of waste MDF (wMDF). This work attempted to investigate the removal of cured urea-formaldehyde (UF) resins adhesive in wMDF using hydrolysis for a possible way of recycling wMDF. The wMDFs were fabricated with two kinds of recycled fibers (RFs): refiner recycled fibers (RRFs) and hammer mill recycled fibers (HRFs) from red and radiata pine. The wMDFs were also produced at different RFs contents, such as 0, 5, 10, 20, 30, 50, and 100%. The panels were then hydrolyzed with water and oxalic acid solution to remove the cured UF resins. The Kjeldahl method was applied to determine the nitrogen (N) content in the panel before and after hydrolysis. Regardless of the wood species and recycling process, the mass loss, pH, and formaldehyde liberation of wMDFs after hydrolysis were greater for oxalic acid than those in water, confirming a greater N content had been extracted by oxalic acid than water. The resin removal became greater as the RFs content increased. In addition, the resin removal was slightly greater in wMDFs made of HRFs than the RRFs. Moreover, red pine RFs gave higher resin removal than radiata pine. These results suggested that a proper combination of the recycling process and additives could make it possible to recycle wMDF panels in the future.Keywords: cured urea-formaldehyde, hydrolysis, medium-density fiberboard, oxalic acid, recyclin
Keragaman dan Pengendalian Tumbuhan Invasif di KHDTK Samboja, Kalimantan Timur (Diversity and Management of Invasive Plants in Samboja Research Forest, Kalimantan Timur)
Full text linkHistorically, and based on the latest conditions, Samboja Research Forest has a fairly high vulnerability to the presence of invasive species that can interfere with ecosystem stability and forest succession. However, data collection and risk assessment of invasive species have not been conducted in the forest area. The study was carried out to support the management of Samboja Research Forest, particularly in controlling invasive species. The study was conducted with exploration techniques in open areas, secondary forests, and primary forests. The density and frequency data of invasive plants were obtained using random plots in secondary and primary forest areas. The results showed the presence of 52 invasive plant species in the Samboja Research Forest area with dominance by shrubs and herbs. Based on plants distribution and density, four crucial invasive plant species in Samboja Research Forest were identified, namely: Acacia mangium, Spathodea campanulata, Miconia crenata, and Piper aduncum. The management of invasive species was carried out in two stages, short term, through manual weeding, and in the long term, with the prevention, eradication, and periodic risk assessment.Keywords: invasive alien species, Kalimantan, eradication, Spathodea campanulat
Kemampuan Adaptasi Tanaman Mahoni (Swietenia macrophylla) terhadap Cemaran Merkuri pada Tailing Penambangan Emas Skala Kecil (Adaptation Ability of Mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla) against Mercury Contamination from Artisanal and Small-Scale Gold Mining)
Full text linkContamination of mercury (Hg) in illegal gold mining waste could be reduced by the plant. The study aimed to examine the adaptability of mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla) seedling in the growing media of tailings contaminated by mercury. Tailings were taken from the gold refining industry located in Bunut Village, Padang Cermin Sub-district, Lampung Province. The study was designed in a completely randomized design for 5 treatments and 4 replications used combination of topsoil : tailings in a ratio of 100% : 0%; 75% : 25%; 50% : 50%; 25% : 75%; and 0% : 100%. Data were processed by analysis of variance at the 0,05 significance level followed by the Least Significant Difference test. The results showed that mahogany seedling had the adaptability to the media with a maximum tailings concentration of 75%. The higher concentrations of tailings tended to decrease the percentage of life, increment of diameter, increment of the number of leaves, leaf area, the increment of root length, and biomass of mahogany. The higher concentrations of tailings resulted in a better plant height increment compared to the lower concentrations, however, all concentrations of tailings in the planting medium reduced the height of the mahogany seedling.Keywords: Adaptability, mahogany, mercury, tailin
Kontribusi Wanita Tani Hutan terhadap Pendapatan Keluarga di Hutan Rakyat Desa Air Kubang Kecamatan Air Naningan Kabupaten Tanggamus (Contribution of Woman Forest Farmers on Family Income at Private Forest in Air Kubang Village Air Naningan District Tanggamus Regency)
Full text linkThe contribution of women forest farmers in managing their forest land can help improve the family's economy. The purpose of this study was to analyze the total income of woman, total family income and identify the contribution of woman roles on family income. Data was collected through interviews using a structured questionnaire to 55 respondents that selected by simple random sampling. Qualitative data analysis used to identify economics forms of woman forests farmers, whereas quantitative data analysis used to analyze total income of women forests farmers, total family income, and contribution of women forests farmers roles. The results showed that the average income of woman forest farmers was Rp 475.000/month, family income was Rp 1.428.000/month, and 42 women or around 76% had relatively small contributions because ≤ 50% from total family income and 24% or 13 people were able give their contribution that is big enough because >50% from total family income. Key words: contribution, private forest, woman forest farmer incom
Faktor-Faktor Penentu Perubahan Kondisi Keanekaragaman Flora dan Fauna di Sub-Sub DAS Khilau, Sub DAS Bulog, DAS Sekampung (Determining Factors of Flora and Fauna Diversity Change in Khilau Sub-Sub, Bulog Sub-DAS, Sekampung Watershed)
Full text linkNatural resources utilized in unsustainably management, lead to the extinction of biodiversity. The objectives of the research was to figure out the factors related to human activity in natural resources management at sub-sub watershed of khilau influenced to the change of biodiversity in the area. An historical analysis continued with the agrarian diagnosis was emploed as the research method. The result of the study showed that there ware four factors influenced to the biodiversity in sub sub watershed of khilau such as economic factor which is the increasing of commodities price; politic factor which is the occur of reformation lead to forest land occupation by the people; social factor which is the change of agricultur practice from subsistence to commercial products; and cultural factor which is influenced of ethnic in natural resources management. Before the exsisting of community, the area was covered by virgin forest with more than 32 species of flora and 25 species of fauna with the domination of endemic species, the exsistance of human activities lead to increasing of flora to 33 species with the dominance of commercial plants, but in other hand dicreasing fauna to 8 species. Key words: biodiversity, Bulog Watershed, flora and fauna, Khilau Watershe
Peran Modal Sosial Masyarakat Penambang Emas dalam Mempertahankan Tambang Ilegal di Taman Hutan Raya Sulawesi Tengah (The Role of Social Capital of Gold Miners on Defending Illegal Mining in Central Sulawesi Forest Park)
Full text linkThe approval of mining permits in the area of the Central Sulawesi Forest Park to a private company caused the emerging of illegal mining by the local community. This study aims to identify the characteristics and social capital of local community miners and their role in the conflict and community resistance. This is explorative research using a qualitative approach. Data was collected through a structured interview to 30 miners as respondents and in-depth interviews with various related stakeholders such as tribal leaders and local government. The results showed that although the social capital of the local community miners was relatively moderate, it could encourage community resistance to the government's efforts to close the illegal mining. The results were affected by a common knowledge that mining is the only source of income for the community. Also, the support of tribal leaders and village officers became a symbolic power that could propel the collective actions of the local community miners.Keywords: forest park, illegal gold mining, social capital, conflict, collective actio
Analisis Kesesuaian Kawasan Mangrove sebagai Objek Daya Tarik Ekowisata di Desa Siahoni, Kabupaten Buru Utara Timur, Provinsi Maluku (Mangrove Suitability Analysis as an Object of Ecotourism Attraction in Siahoni Village, Buru Utara Timur Regency, Maluku Province)
Full text linkMost of the area in East Buru Utara Regency, Maluku Province are categorized as coastal lowlands, especially the Teluk Kayeli area. This area has the potential to be developed into a destination area for mangrove ecotourism destination due to its natural and preserved mangrove. The purpose of this study was to analyze the suitability of mangrove areas as an object of ecotourism attraction in Siahoni Village, Buru Utara Timur Regency, Maluku Province. The research approach is descriptive quantitative, using the survey method. Primary data including thickness, density, biota, and type of mangrove were collected through field observation at four observation stations, while secondary data including geographical condition, village monograph, and tide data were collected through literature study. Vegetation data were analyzed by measuring the relative density of each plant species and tourism suitability was analyzed by using tourism suitability index (TSI). Also, a SWOT analysis was also conducted to determine the strategy for developing mangrove ecotourism. Mangrove species observed in mangrove ecosystem at Teluk Kayeli, Siahoni Village consisted of Avicennia lanata, Sonneratia caseolaris, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Ceriops tagal, Nypa frutican, Rhizophora apiculata, Rhizophora mucronata, Rhizophora stylosa, Scyphyphora hydrophyllaceae, dan Xylocarpus granatum. The results showed that the TSI of mangroves at the observation station 1, 2, 3, and 4 were 65%, 72%, 72%, and 69%, respectively, and corresponded to the S2 category (suitable). Efforts to improve the suitability index of the mangrove area as an object of ecotourism attraction could be done through rehabilitation and reforestation, hence the environmental attraction and ecological function of the mangrove area could be improved.Keywords: ecotourism, Maluku, mangrove, tourism suitability index
Keanekaragaman Amfibi Ordo Anura di Blok Perlindungan dan Blok Pemanfaatan Hutan Pendidikan Konservasi Terpadu, Taman Hutan Raya Wan Abdul Rachman (The Diversity of Amphibian from Order Anura in the Protected and Utilization Blocks of Integrated Educational Conservation Forest, Wan Abdul Rachman Great Forest Park)
Full text linkAmphibians are part of biodiversity that spread in various places in the world. Amphibians have an important role in maintaining the balance of the ecosystem as part of the food chain system. However, lack of public understanding caused the potential of Anura amphibians to have not been explored optimally hence research on Anura amphibians in the Wan Abdul Rachman Great Forest Park (Tahura WAR) is very important to support Anura's conservation efforts. This study aims to understand and identify the diversity of Anura order amphibians in the Protection and Utilization Blocks of the Tahura WAR on forest and river habitat types. Data was collected by using Line Transect and Visual Encounter Survey method. Data collection using Line Transect was conducted by making a narrow transverse path at the observation site, while the Visual Encounter Survey was conducted by making a wildlife observation path with 3 replications. Analysis of the data used included amphibian diversity, community similarity index, and species evenness. The results found 25 individuals of Anura amphibians in the Protection Block and 40 individuals in the Utilization Block of Tahura WAR. Overall, 65 individuals were found consisting of 3 species of amphibians from 2 families i. e., 2 species of the Ranidae family and 1 species of the Bufonidae family. The results showed that the species diversity index, species richness index, and community similarity index in the Protection and Utilization Blocks of Tahura WAR were categorized as low. Reforestation needs to be done so that the Anura habitat is maintained.Keywords: amphibian, biodiversity, order Anura, Tahura WA