JKPK (Jurnal Kimia dan Pendidikan Kimia)
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Study of The Acid-Base Effect on Zeolite Activation and Its Characterization as Adsorbent of Methylene Blue Dye
Get PDFActivation is one of the processes by which are mostly done to improve the quality of natural zeolite. Activation process by zeolite will change the ratio of the Si/Al and can increase the formation of empty cavities so that the capability of zeolite as an adsorbent be optimal. In this research, natural zeolite from the district of Ende, Nusa Tenggara Timur. Activation Ende natural zeolite done chemically using HCl and NaOH solution, with variations concentrate 0,5 M; 1,5 M; and 3,0 M. Next, zeolite which has activated used to adsorb dye methylene blue. Based on the research results, chemically of activation from natural zeolite can increase the adsorption capacity to substance methylene blue. The adsorption capacity in the Ende natural and after activation is 17,289 mg/g and 19,98 mg/g respectively. The Langmuir model most closely matched the isothermal adsorption of equilibrium process
Making Charcoal Briquettes from Corncobs Organic Waste Using Variation of Type and Percentage of Adhesives
Get PDFThis study aimed to (1) make charcoal briquettes from corncobs organic waste; (2) determine the right type of adhesive to make a corncobs charcoal briquette to produce good quality briquettes; (3) determine the appropriate percentage of adhesive to produce corncobs briquettes to produce good quality briquettes; and (4) know the best characteristics of corncobs charcoal briquettes which include moisture content, volatile content, ash content, carbon content and caloric value. The sample used was corncob obtained from a corn farmer in Pasekan Village, Wonogiri regency. This research used experimental method in laboratory with several stages, namely: (1) preparation of materials; (2) carbonization; (3) crushing and sifting of charcoal (4) mixing charcoal with adhesive and water; (5) briquetting; (6) briquette drying; And (7) analysis of briquette quality. This adhesive types used in this research were tapioca flour and wheat flour and the percentage of adhesive material were 5%, 10% and 15% from total weight of charcoal powder. The result of the research were: (1) charcoal briquettes as alternative energy source can be made from biomass waste (corncobs organic waste); (2) charcoal briquettes from organic corncobs wastes using tapioca flour adhesives have better quality than using wheat flour adhesives; (3) the both charcoal briquettes using 5% of tapioca flour adhesive and 5% wheat flour adhesives have better quality than 10% and 15% in terms of moisture content, volatile content, ash content, carbon content and calorific value; and (4) the best characteristics obtained are for the charcoal briquettes using 5% of tapioca flour adhesive, which have water content of 3,665%; volatile matter amounting of 11.005%; ash content of 4.825%; fixed carbon content of 80.515%; and high heat value of 5661,071%
Gasoline Production from Coconut Oil Using The Ni-MCM-41 and Co/Ni-MCM-41 Catalyst
Get PDFGasoline have been produced from coconut oil using MCM-41, NiMCM-41, and Co/NiMCM-41 catalyst. The acidity of catalyst was analysed by Fourier Transformation Infra-Red Spectroscopy (FTIR). The yields of cracking product were analysed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS). The catalyst of Co/NiMCM-41 has the highest acidity than MCM-41 and NiMCM-41. It is caused by the effect of adding d orbital from Co and Ni. This cracking process is batch system, and the catalyst pellets were made at the temperature of 400 ºC. The highest gasoline product was obtained using the Co/NiMCM-41 catalyst with 89.53 % w/w yield. The major liquid product from the cracking process using MCM-41, NiMCM-41, dan Co/NiMCM-41 catalysts were estimated as 1-octena, octane, nonane; 1-octene, 1-nonene, nonane; 1-octene, octane, nonane, respectively.Â
The Comparison Accuracy Estimation of Test Reliability Coefficients for National Chemistry Examination in Jambi Province on Academic Year 2014/2015
Get PDFThis research aims to compare the internal consistency of reliability coefficient on classical test theory. Estimation accuracy of internal consistency reliability coefficient used several methods of the coefficient reliability formulation. The methods are Split-Half Method, Cronbach Alpha formula, and Kuder Richardson formula.  Determination of the test reliability coefficients used also some formula and then their results were compared with the results of their estimation accuracy. This research is a quantitative descriptive. Data were analyzed based on responses of national chemistry examination in Jambi province on academic year 2014/2015. The data of students answer sheets were taken using proportional stratified random sampling technique. There are 200 students’ responses from 162 schools (132 public schools and 30 private schools) in Jambi province. The form of data were dichotomy data and analyzed using Split-Half Method. Their reliabilities were analyzed using Cronbach Alpha formula and Kuder Richardson formula. Reliability criteria used consist of five conditions, they are 0.5; 0.6; 0.7; 0.8 and 0.9. The results of this research indicated that (a) the coefficient of reliability in classical test theory developed by measurement experts (using Split-Half Method, Cronbach Alpha formula and Kuder Richardson formula) have varying estimates of accuracy; (b) average reliability coefficients have the precision estimation about of 0.78 up to 0.8; (c) the reliability coefficient using Spearman Brown formula was 0.78, with Rulon formula was 0.78, Flanagan formula was 0.77, Cronbach Alpha formula was 0.838, the KR20 formula was 0.838, and KR21 formula was 0.821
Synthesis and Characterization of Bioplastic from Chitosan-Ganyong Starch (Canna edulis)
Get PDFThe purpose of this study was to produced bioplastic from chitosan-ganyong starch and compare its quality to commercial biodegradable plastic. This research was carried out by experimental method in laboratory. Making bioplastic film was done by dissolving, blending, printing, drying, and neutralizing process. Characterization of bioplastic film was performed by tensile strength test,% elongation, thickness, swelling, solubility, biodegradability and functional group analysis with FTIR. The produced bioplastic characterizations were compared to commercial biodegradable plastics. The results concluded that the qualities of bioplastic chitosan-ganyong starch are higher than commercial biodegradable plastics on tensile strength parameter (53,9644 Mpa : 18,4109 MPa),% elongation (1,8066 % : 3,7025%), and degradation ability (5 days : 30 days); but lower in thickness parameters (0.0350 mm: 0.0140 mm), % swelling (0.275%: 0.010%), and solubility (0.10%: 0.05%). Â
Characterization of Cacao Fruit Skin for Active Carbon and Green Chemicals
Get PDFThe potential of cacao fruit skin that has not been widely used by the community are encouraged to develop the cacao fruit skinas bio charcoal. One way to reduce the build up of biomass waste is by pyrolysis derived from combustion products that produce liquid smoke, charcoal and some gases (CO2, H2, and CO2). The purpose of this research is to utilize cacao peel to get the liquid smoke of cacao skin and cacao charcoal. The result of this research showed that the skin of cacao fruit produce hemicellulose content of 21.06%, cellulose of 20.15% and lignin of 51.98%. The analysis result of carbon content of cacao skin activated charcoal from Luwu regency is 55.11%. FT-IR analysis of the cacao skin powder from Luwu regency showed that there were depolymerization for cellulose and hemicellulose contentsat the wave number of 1107.14 cm-1 andfound C-H of lignin at the wave number of 1730.15 cm-1. The hydroxyl group (OH) appeared on the wave number of 3441.01 cm-1 and group of C = CH (Aromatic H) on the wave number of781.17 – 659.66 cm-1. Crystallinity degree of cacao fruits skin from Luwu which was obtained from XRD analysis is 12.66%. The wasteutilization of this cacao fruit skin with pyrolysis technology is able to reduce carbon emissions and can be as a supporter of sustainable development program
Study of Adsorption Capacity of Dibenzotiofen Molecules on Mesoporous Carbon with Pore Geometry Model
Get PDFAdsorption models in a simple and accurate way to describe the geometry of the pores have been studied and validated experimentally to predict the adsorption capacity dibenzotiofen molecules on mesoporous carbon. The model is designed according to the size of the pore channels of mesoporous carbon and molecular arrangement dibenzotiofen that goes into the pores. To test the accuracy of the model is done by comparation with results of analysis of nitrogen adsorption-desorption to calculate the volume filled. The results showed that the results of the experimental adsorption data are within the range of values of the pore volume of mesoporous carbon. These results indicate that the pore geometry model molecule can accurately predict the adsorption capacity of a molecule in a mesoporous material.Â
Influence of Silicate and Calcium Ions to Transport of Phosphate Ion through Polymeric Inclusion Membrane (PIM)
Get PDFMeasurement of phosphate ions by molybdenum blue method is influenced by the presence of interfering ions, such as silicate and calcium ions. To obtain an accurate measurement, interference ions should be separated from the phosphate ion. Separation could be carried out with extractions using PIM method. The effectiveness of separation based on PIM method depends to the transport efficiency of targeted ion from feed phase to stripping phase. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of silicate and calcium ions to phosphate ion transport through PIM. PIM was prepared by mixing PVC as polymer, 1,10-dekanadiol as a plasticizer, and Aliquat 336-Cl as extractant in the solvent THF. Extraction was performed by using a diffusion cell, The cell was consisted by two containers, i.e  feed phase container and stripping phase container which was separated by PIM. Feed phase was a mixture of phosphate 100 mg / L and SiO32- at 5; 10; 15; 20 and 25 mg/L for studying the effect of silicate ion. Investigation of calcium ion effect was conducted by using a mixture of phosphate solution of 100 mg / L and Ca2+ of 1.13x10-4; 2.26x10-4 and 4.52x10-4 mg/L in the feed phase. The stripping phase was the solution of NaCl 0.1 M. Both containers were stirred for 3 hours at 180 rpm. The solution in the both containers  was taken for 1 mL every 30 minutes. Phosphate ion was measured by visible spectrophotometry at 690 nm with molybdenum blue method. Silicate ion was determined by visible spectrophotometry at a wavelength of 410 nm with molybdenum blue method. Calcium ion was determined by AAS. The results showed that the higher concentration of calcium ions, the lower the phosphate ion transport efficiency. Only 34.46% of phosphate ions transported in the presence of calcium ions up to 4,52x10-4 mg/L. Meanwhile, PIM was more selective to silicate ion than ion phosphate at the silicate ion concentration up to 15 mg/L. At higher concentration of silicate ions, PIM was more selective to phosphate ion
Interactive Multimedia Development Based on Adobe Flash CS6 Profesional on Learning of Chemical Equilibrium
Get PDFThe aims of this study were to produce an interactive multimedia based on Adobe Flash Cs6 Professional in one vocational school (SMK) and to know the students' response to the use of the media used. The subject of this study was 34 students in Samarinda. This study is a research development. The data were gained from a questionnaire by expert validity and response by students. The result was an interactive multimedia that could be operated in computer and Android-based handphone. Students' response to interactive multimedia in the topic chemical equilibrium used was 97,8 % positive. The conclusions were multimedia resulted are eligible to be applied in learning of chemical equilibrium in vocational school dan had a positive response from the students
The Effect of Rainwater Quality on The Methane Concentration
Get PDFResearch on the effect of pH of rainfall on the emission of methane (CH4) has been made. And what about the influence of the pH of rainfall at a concentration of CH4? That question will be answered through this research. The problem in this research is not yet known and the effect of the interaction of water quality in these clouds pH (degree of acidity) of rain on the concentration of CH4. The purpose of the study was the first object to determine acid rain in research location and to determine and analyze the influence of the pH of rainfall on the CH4 concentration. The research location is at Balai Pengamat Atmosfer dan Antariksa LAPAN in Kototabang hills, West Sumatra. The data used in this study is the pH of rainfall and CH4 concentrations. The analytical method used is the analysis of statistical and descriptive analysis. The results showed a correlation coefficient between the pH of rainfall with CH4 concentration of 0,87. The correlation coefficient indicates that the effect of the pH of rainfall is linearly proportional to the concentration of CH4. This means that the pH of rainfall is higher, then the CH4 concentration will increase.Â