JKPK (Jurnal Kimia dan Pendidikan Kimia)
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The Quality Improvement of Cotton Dyed Fabric Using Extract of Avocado Peel Waste with the Addition of Alum Mordant Method
Get PDFThe utilization of organic waste is an effort to reduce the amount of household waste. In addition, the use of organic waste as dyestuff can also reduce dependency of synthetic dyes that are toxic. In this study, natural dyes were obtained from the extraction of avocado peel which is act as household waste. Coloration is done on cotton fabric with a variety of adding mordan alum methods to improve the color fastness of the colored fabric. From the experimental results it was found that from the three variations of method, the simultaneous method produced the highest color intensity (K/S) value of 1.7854. While the color difference that shows the best result is the final mordan method with a value of 0.010. The results of testing color fastness for washing and rubbing showed that materials in mordan have better color fastness quality than materials that are not in mordan
Theoretical Modification of Cyanidin as Sensitizers in Dye Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC) Using Rhodanine Acetic Acid as Electron Withdrawing Group
Get PDFModification of cyanidin as sensitiser on Dye Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC) has been carried out theoretically in this study using rhodanine acetic acid. The rhodanine acetic acid as electron withdrawing group can increase the electron density of the LUMO state, so injection of the excited electron to the semiconductor can also be increase. The theoretical method used is DFT/B3LYP theory by NWChem software. The calculation shows that the LUMO energy of cyanidin rhodanine acetic is higher than cyanidin, so electron injection to the conduction band of the semiconductor is easier. This condition is supported by reduced of HOMO-LUMO energy gap, so the range of the sunlight that can be involved in the electron excitation process is wider. In addition, the LUMO electron density of the cyanidin rhodanine acetic is localized at rhodanine acetic which makes the distance of the excited electron is closer to the semiconductor, thereby facilitating electron injection
The Effect of Calcination Temperature on Cobalt Oxide Species and Performance for Catalytic Ozonation of NH4+ in Water
Get PDFCobalt oxide catalysts can be prepared by impregnation and calcined under different temperature to obtained different species of cobalt oxide, namely CoO(OH), Co3O4, and CoO. Co3O4 was the most appropriate catalyst for decomposing NH4+ with O3 in the presence of Cl– because of relatively high activity, 74%, and high selectivity for gas products, 88%, compared to CoO and CoO(OH). Cl– is necessary to proceed the catalytic ozonation of NH4+ since Cl– participate in the catalytic ozonation mechanism, while SO42– inhibited the process. During the catalytic ozonation of NH4+, Co3O4 showed no deactivation rather than enhanced the catalytic performance after repeated used up to 100% of NH4+ conversion. The Co3O4 can be regenerated by recalcining the catalyst under air at high temperature
Determination Stability of 99mTc-Etambutol Radiopharmaceuticals for Tuberculosis Detected
Get PDF99mTc-ethambutol radiopharmaceutical is a diagnostic kit based on the anti-tuberculosis drug, ethambutol, labeled with radioactive tracer 99mTc. This radiopharmaceutical is a result of research development in Centre for Radioisotope and Radiopharmaceutical Technology, BATAN. 99mTc-ethambutol radiopharmaceutical in the hospital used as a diagnostic agent for tuberculosis detected, particularly tuberculosis in extra pulmonary organs that is not easily detected by existing conventional methods. The aim of study to find out how stable ethambutol kit when stored at certain temperature and how stable ethambutol stability after labelled with 99mTc. These stability data are required by hospitals which used 99mTc-ethambutol . The stability test performed by measuring the radiochemical purity of ethambutol kits which were stored at certain time period and labelled with 99mTc using thin layer chromatography (TLC) method. Radiochemical purity tests were also performed on 99mTc-ethambutol at certain time period after its labeling process. Based on experiment results, it was obtained that ethambutol kit was still stable for up to 9 months when stored at refrigerator temperature 8 oC with percentage of radiochemical purity average > 85% and up to 11 months when stored in deep freezer temperature -80 oC with percentage of radiochemical purity average 90%. While 99mTc-ethambutol was still stable for up to 4 hours after labeling with percentage of radiochemical purity more than > 85%
Influence of Contact Time on Loading 99Mo(n,γ) with Alumina Column in 99Mo / 99mTc Generator
Get PDFAlumina is usually used for 99Mo absorbers obtained from 235U fission product because the use of 235U is getting limited, and as an alternative 99Mo obtained from natural MoO3 irradiation was used. The problem is that 99Mo produced was not carrier-free as 99Mo from 235U fission product because not all MoO3 is activated to 99Mo, then it is necessary to know the effect of contact time when loading 99Mo into the alumina column. To find out the effect of contact time, the experiment was carried out using 99Mo pH 4, acid alumina column, contact time was varied between 1 to 60 minutes with interval of 15 minutes, and the column was eluted using 2 kinds of eluent namely 0.9% NaCl and MEK. The elution of 99Mo/99mTc generator is performed 3 times, days 1, 2 and 3. The results showed that the performance of alumina in absorbing 99Mo influenced by time. The optimal contact time is 15 minutes for 0.9% NaCl solution and 45 minutes for MEK. The amount of 99Mo breakthrough (µCi99Mo/mCi99mTc) from the alumina column increases with elution time both using 0.9% NaCl or MEK. The 99mTc eluate obtained from this study does not meet standard requirements. The use of a tandem column is needed to prevent 99Mo breakthrough on the 99Mo/99mTc generator to get the 99mTc which meet standard requirement
Effect of Heating on the Pretreatment Process for Recycling Li-Ion Battery Cathode
Get PDFThe use of Li-ion batteries has increased with the increasing of portable electronic media. Li-ion batteries have a life cycle hence a recycling process is needed in order to reduce the potential hazard of waste while increasing the economic value of unused battery material, especially its cathode active material. This study used Lithium Nickel Cobalt Oxide (NCA) cathode scrap to be regenerated which NCA material has high energy density and high capacity. The pretreatment process is one of the determinants in the subsequent recycling process. In this study, the effect of heating on the pretreatment process was carried out with variation temperatures of 500-8000C to obtain powder which will be recycled. The combination process of the leaching and co-precipitation was used to regenerate the cathode active material. Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) was performed to determine leaching efficiency using 4M H2SO4 at 400C for 3 hours. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis showed that NCA material has been successfully regenerated which the diffraction peaks of NCA material was in accordance with JCPDS standards. The morphology of NCA material was tested using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Electrochemical testing uses a cylindrical battery at 2.7-4.2 Volt which the initial specific discharge capacity of the power is 62.13 mAh / g
Quality and Detergency Optimization, Liquid Detergent Preparation, Mahogany Seed Extract (Swietenia mahagoni)
Get PDFThe use of Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonate(LAS) as a surfactant for making detergent can pollute aquatic ecosystem and agricultural soils. Mahogany seed extract can be used as a substitute for LAS because it contains saponin so that it can be used also as a foaming agent to remove dirt on clothes. This research  aims to know  the optimum liquid detergent formula seen from its suitability with SNI 06-4075-1996 about Liquid Washing Detergents, foam stability and detergency power. The research steps are (1) Making simplicia (2) Extracting mahogany seeds with ethanol solvent (3) Identification of saponin (4) Making liquid detergent preparations (5) Quality test, foam stability test and detergency power. The results showed that formula 2 with a ratio of mahogany seed extract : LAS is  2 : 1 is the most optimum formula because it appropiate with SNI, and has the best foam stability and detergency power. Formula 2 has pH  11.1; specific gravity 1.1; 0.1% free alkaline, foam stability of 70% and detergency without rinsing 91.53% and by rinsing 94.680%.Â
Antibacterial Activity Test of the C-4-methoxyphenylcalix[4]resorcinarene Compound Modified by Hexadecyltrimethylammonium-Bromide against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli Bacteria
Get PDFThis study aims to determine the antibacterial activity of C-4-methoxyphenylcalix-[4]resorcinarene modified by Hexadecyltrimethylammonium-Bromide (Resorcinarene-HDTMA-Br) against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria. The study was conducted by testing the inhibition zone diameter with paper disc diffusion method. Variations in the concentration of the sample used were 10%; 15%; 20%; 25%; and 30% b/v. In this study, Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (sampel solvent) was used as a negative control and Chloramphenicol as a positive control. It was found that Resorsinarene-HDTMA-Br had higher antibacterial activity than the unmodified C-4-methoxyphenylcalix[4]resorcinarene (CMFKR) against the S. aureus bacteria. Both CMFKR and Resorcinarene-HDTMA-Br are not active against E. coli
Study of Humic Acid Adsorption Equilibrium on Dual Nanofiber PMMA/PVDF
Get PDFThe main objective of this study is to investigate the isotherm sorption of humic acid (HA) from aqueous solution onto dual nanofiber PMMA/PVDF. Batch adsorption experiments were carried out using HA solution as an adsorbate under variety of concentration in the range of 50-200 mg/L. The experimental data were analyzed by the Langmuir, Freundlich and Sips models of adsorption. The experimental results indicate that, the adsorption capacity of HA adsorption increases with an increase in the HA concentrations. The adsorption of HA onto dual nanofiber PMMA/PVDF agrees well with the Langmuir isotherm models with the maximum adsorption capacity was found to be 137.40 mg g-1 at concentration of 100 mg L-1