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Keynote 1: LSA 50th Anniversary Conference Panel – Justice in the face of polycrisis: The future of leisure?
No full textWith the LSA celebrating 50 years in 2025, the importance of leisure within contemporary society has become ever more clear. However, access to and participation in leisure is unevenly distributed across global society, which is only exacerbated by the current global polycrisis across interconnected social, ecological, and spatial systems. Taking a justice-centered approach, and in acknowledgement of the systemic entangledness of justice and polycrisis, this session will focus on how we, as leisure scholars, can respond to this complexity conceptually, ethically and politically. To this end, this panel brings together leading international scholars representing a cross-section of international academic leisure organizations to discuss how we can build just approaches to leisure and in the future in the face of ongoing systemic polycrisis
Valorization of animal by-product enzymes: advancing sustainable food processing through innovative extraction, purification, and application strategies
No full textBackground: The sustainable management of food processing by-products is important in the global food industry. By-products from the processing of animals, including mammals, poultry, and fish, are frequently regarded as waste materials. However, these by-products are rich sources of enzymes with significant potential for diverse applications.
Scope and approach: This contribution aims to explore the valorization potential of enzymes from animal by-products. It examines the enzyme types and functions, detailing the methods used for extraction, purification, and identification. It also reviews their applications in the food industry. Additionally, this review assesses both the advantages and challenges, and it proposes future directions. Key findings and conclusions: Enzymes such as proteases (notably collagenases) and lipases have been identified in animal by-products, offering significant opportunities for food quality enhancement and waste valorization. Advanced extraction and purification methods, including affinity chromatography, gel filtration chromatography, and their combined use, have been developed to isolate these enzymes with high yield and purity. The application of these enzymes in food processing has demonstrated substantial benefits, including enhanced flavors, improved texture, and increased product stability. This review also emphasizes the wide range of sources and types of animal by-product enzymes and the importance of their functional applications. In addition, it discusses in-depth analyses of the key technological and market factors restricting the development of animal by-product enzymes. With a view to further advancing the food industry to achieve economically and environmentally green and sustainable development, it proposes solutions through efficient use of animal by-product enzymes
Local adaptation, genetic diversity and key environmental interactions in a collection of novel red clover germplasm
No full textRed clover (Trifolium pratense L.) is known for its large taproot, nitrogen fixation capabilities and production of forage high in protein and digestibility. It has the potential to strengthen temperate pastural systems against future adverse climatic events by providing higher biomass during periods of water deficit. Being outcrossing and self-incompatible, red clover is a highly heterozygous species. If evaluated and utilized correctly, this genetic diversity can be harnessed to develop productive, persistent cultivars. In this study, we selected 92 geographically diverse red clover novel germplasm populations for assessment in multi-location, multi-year field trials and for genetic diversity and genetic relationship characterization using pooled genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS). Through the development of integrated linear mixed models based on genomic, phenotypic, and environmental information we assessed variance components and genotype-by-environment (G x E) interactions for eight physiological and morphological traits. Key interactions between environmental variables and plant performance were also evaluated using a common garden site at Lincoln. We found that the genetic structure of the 92 populations was highly influenced by country of origin. The expected heterozygosity within populations ranged between 0.08 and 0.17 and varied with geographical origin. For the eight physiological and morphological traits measured there was high narrow-sense heritability (h2 > 0.70). The influence of environmental variables, such as mean precipitation, temperature and isothermality of the original collection locations, on plant and trait performance in the local field trials was also highlighted. Along with the identification of genes associated with these bioclimatic variables that could be used as genetic markers for selection in future breeding programs. Our study identifies the importance of diverse germplasm when adding genetic variation into breeding programs. It also identifies efficient evaluation methods and key climatic variables that should be considered when developing adaptive red clover cultivars
A dataset on the sensory analyses of 116 New Zealand Pinot Noir wines from Central Otago, Marlborough, and Martinborough
No full textThis dataset provides a comprehensive sensory and pricing analysis of 116 commercial New Zealand Pinot Noir wines from Central Otago, Marlborough, and Martinborough. Sensory data were collected on key quality parameters, including detailed mouthfeel and aroma attributes, evaluated by an expert sensory panel of experienced winemakers (n=10). Additionally, the dataset includes actual retail prices and experts' expected prices, providing insights into the perceived value and sensory-driven valuation of these wines. The dataset is structured to facilitate comparative studies on regional Pinot Noir sensory characteristics, supporting exploration into wine quality perception and regional influences on sensory profiles. Its reproducibility makes it a valuable resource for researchers investigating wine sensory quality, the impact of terroir, and consumer valuation in the context of New Zealand Pinot Noir
Soil phosphorus stocks could prolong global reserves and improve water quality
No full textCombining existing databases, we estimated global phosphorus stocks in croplands and grasslands that are not readily available to plants as 32–41% of the 2020 estimated geologic phosphorus reserves, representing 146–186 years of the 2020 mass of phosphorus fertilizer applied annually. Especially if accessed by more efficient crops, this stock could reduce the need for additional fertilizer, improve water quality and contribute to all-round phosphorus sustainability
Policy challenges of managing naturally occurring respirable mineral dust in Aotearoa New Zealand
No full textResearchers and environmental planners have raised concerns about human exposure to naturally occurring respirable mineral dust (RMD), including erionite and naturally occurring asbestos. However, it is unclear how existing policy frameworks address and manage the risks of exposure to RMD, and little has been offered regarding how satisfactory policy frameworks could be developed. We draw on international research, policy documents and key informant interviews to examine how these risks are presently addressed globally and in the context of the Aotearoa New Zealand policy landscape, identifying key domestic challenges confronting effective risk governance. We recommend a collaborative effort from various disciplines to understand these new risks. We further recommend the development of an independent mechanism to evaluate risks from long-term or latent hazards such as these
Off-farm work and cigarette and alcohol expenditure among rural households
No full textAlthough the effects of off-farm work have been widely estimated, little is known about how off-farm work affects cigarette and alcohol consumption in rural areas. This study fills the research gap by investigating how off-farm work participation and intensity affect cigarette and alcohol expenditure. Off-farm work intensity is captured by the time (months) rural household heads allocated to off-farm work and off-farm income. We employ a conditional mixed process model to address the endogeneity issue of off-farm work variables and estimated survey data collected from 1,487 farm households in China. The results show that farmers’ off-farm work participation significantly increases the total cigarette and alcohol expenditure by 52.7 yuan/capita per week. Off-farm work participation significantly increases cigarette expenditure by 63.1 yuan/capita per week, but it does not affect rural households’ alcohol expenditure. We also find that the time rural household heads allocated to off-farm work does not significantly impact rural cigarette and alcohol consumption. Off-farm income significantly increases rural households’ alcohol expenditure rather than cigarette expenditure. Increased spending on cigarettes and alcohol may have health implications for individuals and social consequences for communities, affecting productivity, health care costs, and social cohesion
The effect of treating farm dairy effluent with varying rates of poly-ferric sulphate on reducing phosphorus leaching through simulated pipe-drain systems
No full textThe application of farm dairy effluent (FDE) to land is a significant source of phosphorus entering waterways. Studies have shown that treating FDE with 250 mg Fe/L poly-ferric sulphate (PFS) reduced phosphorus (P) leaching, however it remains unknown if this can be achieved at lower rates of PFS. This study investigated the efficacy of three PFS rates (250, 167, and 83 mg Fe/L) to treat effluent and reduce P leaching compared to untreated FDE, relative to background leaching levels (given as the ‘leaching loss factor’). The application of PFS 250 and PFS 167 proved equally effective, reducing the dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) leaching loss factor by 111.1% and 107.8%, respectively. The total dissolved phosphorus (TDP) leaching loss factor reductions from the PFS 250 and PFS 167 were 115.5% and 112.9%, respectively, and the total phosphorus (TP) leaching loss factor reductions were 85.0% and 90.7%, respectively. Reductions greater than 100% indicate that treatments reduced leaching losses to levels below those of the control. The PFS 83 reduced the DRP and TDP leaching loss factors by 80.6% and 80.2%, respectively. This suggests that P leaching can be significantly reduced using a lower rate of PFS than previously reported
Training and performance of basketball players: Current practice and future options : A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Lincoln University
Get PDFOver the past few decades, basketball has become one of the most popular team sports, in terms of participation globally, and is rapidly growing among youth in New Zealand. In New Zealand, basketball athletes can often compete simultaneously in national representative, age-grade, and regional club competitions, leading to a demanding schedule where they may play two to three games per week. Between April and October, during the regular season, these athletes could participate in 40-50 games across both 3x3 and 5x5 formats. Such an intense schedule requires rigorous physical conditioning during the preparatory phase, between January and March, to ensure players can endure the training and games during the competitive season. However, there is a gap in the literature on load monitoring in basketball due to factors such as teams withholding information for commercial reasons, the high cost of technology, and the complexity of analysing and applying the numerous physical variables available. In this thesis, I set out to bridge the gap by developing a framework to better understand the movement and load characteristics in both training and games.
The thesis is presented as three journal articles, each contributing to the understanding and application of load monitoring in basketball. The first article investigates the validity and reliability of VXSport (Omni) devices in measuring basketball-specific movement parameters. This study provides a foundation for accurately tracking the external load of players in both training and games, addressing a significant challenge in basketball. The second article quantifies the internal and external loads of basketball players across two in-season phases, highlighting the differences in load management strategies between training sessions and games. This research highlights the need for more tailored load monitoring approaches to optimise performance. The third article applied the insights from the first two studies to evaluate the effectiveness of blood flow restriction (BFR) training during a taper phase. This paper demonstrates how BFR can be used to maintain performance, and in some cases, improve performance, such as sprint times (5m and 10m), barbell back squat, and countermovement jump (CMJ) height, while reducing overall training load, offering a practical solution for managing player fatigue during critical periods of the season.
Collectively, this thesis demonstrates the importance of accurate, context-specific load monitoring in basketball and proposes the integration of advanced monitoring techniques with innovative training interventions like BFR to enhance player performance and longevity in the sport
Feeding the future: Increasing donations to reduce world hunger through karma and mental simulation
No full textWorld hunger is still a highly relevant social issue with 733 million people experiencing hunger worldwide in 2023 (WHO, 2024). Charitable organisations and programmes aiming to reduce hunger rely on advertisements utilising different types of framing and appeals to spur consumer donations, both monetary and non-monetary (e.g. food and time) (Costello & Malkoc, 2022; Homer, 2021; Silver & Small, 2024). However, it is still unclear which type of message framing can maximise consumer donations (Kulow & Kramer, 2016; Reed et al., 2007; Smith & Schwarz, 2012). This research investigates the effectiveness of karma versus religious appeals to increase donations to reduce hunger.
There is extensive extant literature on donation behaviour resulting from the use of karma (Kulow & Kramer, 2016; Muralidharan, 2022; Sharma, 2021) and religious appeals (Bakar et al., 2013; Dotson & Hyatt, 2000; Zehra & Minton, 2020). However, only Muralidharan’s (2022) study examines these appeals together, but not in the donation context. Furthermore, this paper is the first to explore the effects of mental simulation, the creative envisioning of a future scenario (Thompson et al., 2009), and anticipated regret, the negative feeling that arises in relation to not executing a specific behaviour (Abraham & Sheeran, 2003), on the relationship between karma (versus religious) appeals on intention to donate to reduce hunger.
This research adapted an experimental two-study approach. Both studies used a single factor, two level (appeal: karma vs. religious) between-subjects design, with slight tweaks to the advertisements for each study. 151 responses and 147 responses were collected for study 1 and 2 respectively. Belief in karma and religiosity was measured to eliminate these as alternative explanations for our prediction. Furthermore, we controlled for education level, as prior research suggests it influences donations (Converse et al., 2012). A mediation analysis using PROCESS Model 4 (Hayes, 2018) with 5000 bootstrap resamples was conducted for both studies and study 2 also used a moderated mediation analysis.
Study 1 demonstrated that a karma (vs. religious) appeal produced increased mental simulation and led to higher intentions to donate to reduce hunger. Study 2 confirmed the mediating effect of mental simulation on intention to donate to reduce hunger. However, this effect only emerged for respondents who felt low levels of anticipated regret.
One possible reason is that messages using karma suggest a direct cause-and-effect relationship between one's actions and future consequences (Humphreys, 2005), which enables individuals to vividly envision the positive outcomes of donating; in this case, less starving people. Furthermore, those with low anticipated regret do not have a high emotional burden (as those with high anticipated regret), and consequently, full cognitive capability to envision a world without hunger and the impact their donation can have. In summary, the findings of this research indicate that the use of karma can enhance mental simulation, which in turn increases the intention to donate to reduce hunger. It also highlights the importance of minimising negative emotions like anticipated regret to boost the effectiveness of mental simulation in driving donations to reduce hunger