Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture
Not a member yet
437 research outputs found
Sort by
Utilization of Stenotrophomonas koreensis and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens for Improving Growth, Reducing Nitrogen Fertilization and Controlling Bipolaris sorokiniana in Wheat
Full text linkWheat (Triticum aestivum L.), a vital cereal, faces significant challenges from common root rot and spot blotch diseases caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana. This study aimed to explore the potential of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) to enhance wheat growth, reduce fertilizer input, and combat Bipolaris diseases. Two PGPR isolates, selected for their superior antagonistic properties, were identified as Stenotrophomonas koreensis RB11 and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens RB12. These PGPR strains displayed multiple plant growth promoting and biocontrol attributes, including phosphate solubilization, indole-3-acetic acid production, nitrogen fixation and antagonism against B. sorokiniana and other fungi. Wheat seed priming with the PGPR significantly improved germination, plant growth, nutrient content and biomass carbon accumulation in the rhizosphere soil. Importantly, the application of RB11 and RB12 allowed for a 25% and 50% reduction in nitrogen fertilizer usage, respectively, without compromising the yield. RB11 and RB12 also demonstrated potent inhibitory effects on B. sorokiniana conidial germination and significantly controlled common root rot and spot blotch in wheat, similar to those observed with the fungicide Protaf 250EC. Overall, this study underscores the multifaceted roles of S. koreensis RB11 and B. amyloliquefaciens RB12 in promoting wheat growth, reducing fertilizer inputs and effectively suppressing wheat pathogens. These findings contribute to the development of PGPR-based strategies for sustainable crop production and disease control
New Challenges and Opportunities of Indonesian Crude Palm Oil in International Trade
Full text linkIndonesia is one of the largest palm oil producers in the world. The palm oil industry must look at the market competition map, starting from competing countries and other export opportunities to absorb palm oil products to increase state revenues. This paper analyzes the new challenges and opportunities for Crude Palm Oil (CPO) in Indonesia in international trade. Analytical tools were Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantage (RSCA), Dynamic Product Export and X-model Potential Export. The results showed that Indonesian and Malaysian palm oil commodities obtained an RCA value of more than 1 and an RSCA value of close to 1. Indonesia is more competitive than Malaysia. The X-model showed that Indonesian CPO market share optimism is only in India and the rest is less potent. Malaysian CPO market share also has less potential. Therefore, Indonesia’s new challenges are export tariffs, obstructed access, insufficient downstream production and a black campaign. The opportunity for participation in the CPO export market is only in India compared to Malaysia, which has less potential. The two countries have less potential in destinations such as the Netherlands, USA, China and Kenya. Indonesia can take external policies by establishing cooperation with export destination countries, such as trade agreements, so that information about Indonesian palm oil is well received. Meanwhile, internal policies strengthen domestic downstream industry policies, such as the food, health, and renewable energy industries, to strengthen the domestic economy and improve the welfare of Indonesian palm oil farmers
Analysis of the Emerging Market for Poultry By-Products in Ghana
Full text linkThe paper examined the emerging poultry by-products market, delving into the nature, revenue generation, influencing factors, and constraints of the market, using data from poultry farmers, aggregators, and cattle farmers. The paper described the nature of the market using descriptive statistics and a flow chart, estimated its contribution to poultry revenue, and examined the factors influencing the proportion of revenue contributed using a Tobit model. Kendall’s coefficient of concordance was used to measure the level of agreement among the poultry farmers in ranking identified constraints. The poultry by-product market is currently characterized by only poultry droppings trading, with Côte d’Ivoire as the largest user (76% of the consumption) in cross-border informal trade and an average selling price of 8.39 USD per metric ton. The emerging market for the by-products can be described as seasonal. Annual revenue per poultry farmer for poultry droppings is 1,072.26 USD. Management type, production scale, and membership of poultry farmers’ association influenced the proportion of revenue contributed from poultry droppings. The emerging poultry droppings market provided an opportunity for small-scale farms to earn additional income and organic manure to support sustainable farming. The key constraints among the poultry farmers participating in the by-products market were low prices and a lack of processing and storage facilities. The study recommended that agriculture sector development agencies should support the development of value chains for poultry droppings and other poultry by-products to help expand the market for sustainable agriculture production under the circular economy framework
Traditional Ecological Knowledge and Farm Household Resilience to Natural Hazards
Full text linkThis study portrays the roles of Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) in the mitigation of natural hazards. Menoreh Hill in Kulon Progo experienced more than 200 landslides in 2022 and its communities implemented TEK to mitigate them. Hence, this research quantitatively analyzes the role of agriculture-related TEK, especially those applied in hilly areas, to support household resilience to natural hazards. Authors surveyed 106 farm households and interviewed eight key informants in Banjararum and Sidoharjo Villages, Kalibawang and Samigaluh Sub-districts, Kulon Progo Regency, D.I. Yogyakarta. The data were then analyzed using descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression. The descriptive statistics showed that farmers in both villages are highest in practicing alley cropping and integrated farming, while also applying mixed cropping, multiple cropping and locally based planting schedule (pranata mangsa). From binary logistic regression, authors found that TEK practices of multiple cropping, alley cropping and pranata mangsa support farm household resilience to natural hazards, especially landslides. The TEK practices serve as sources of buffer and adaptation capacity in the development of farm household resilience. Interestingly, mixed cropping and membership in farmer groups tend to weaken resilience, as mixed cropping often complicates the recovery efforts in the farmlands, and farmers’ groups are not conditioned to act promptly during hazards or disasters. While TEK has been proven to take roles in the mitigation and adaptation to natural hazards, there is a need to integrate scientific knowledge to improve its optimum benefits
The Optimization of Biosilica and Humic Acid to Increase Soil Nutrient Availability and Nutrient Uptake in Rice Plant in Sandy Soil
Full text linkNutrients in sandy soil are limited due to low absorption capacity and are easily leached or evaporated. Biosilica and humic acid extracted from compost and husk ash can improve the soil structure and absorption capacity to optimize the availability and uptake of nutrients. Therefore, this research aims to examine the optimal application dose of biosilica and humic acid to improve the chemical properties of soil with a sandy texture. The experiment was structured based on a completely randomized design (CRD). Factor 1 consisted of biosilica doses of 0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 tons ha-1, while factor 2 comprised humic acid doses of 0, 20, 40, and 60 kg ha-1. Data analysis was performed using ANOVA, followed by Tukey’s Honest Significant Difference (HSD) test, correlation, and determination analysis. The study results indicate that the combination of biosilica and humic acid contributes to the changes in nutrient availability. The impact of the treatment was observed 90 days after application on the parameters of soil pH, organic C, total N, and exchangeable K. The effects of the treatment were also evident in plant nutrient uptake, specifically in total N in the roots and total K in the stems. The optimal combination for improving soil nutrient availability and nutrient uptake in plant tissues was a biosilica dose of 1.0 tons ha-1 (S2) and humic acid at 40 kg ha-1 (H2)
Resistance of Doubled Haploid Rice Lines with Green Super Rice Characters to Bacterial Leaf Blight
Full text linkBacterial leaf blight (BLB), caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) is a significant disease attacking rice crops worldwide. This disease attacks at various stages of plant growth and causes significant yield loss. Breeding new varieties resistant to BLB is important to support sustainable agriculture in the future. This study aimed to identify new superior green super rice (GSR) lines resistant to BLB disease. The experiment evaluated the resistance of lowland rice lines obtained from anther culture using a factorial randomized complete block design. The 1st factor was genotype, consisting of 20 lines, 2 checks of commercial varieties (Inpari 42 Agritan GSR and Inpari 18), a resistant check (Conde), and a susceptible check (Taichung Native 1). The 2nd factor was BLB pathotypes (i.e., III, IV, and VIII). Quantitative data on disease severity and severity index were analyzed using analysis of variance and t-Dunnett test at 5% level. The results showed that the interaction between genotype and pathotype affected the disease severity and severity index in both growth phases. The tested lines exhibited varying resistance, from susceptible to resistant, to BLB. Four lines (SN 11, 13, 57, and 58) showed moderate to resistant criteria for BLB disease of 3 pathotypes in both growth phases. The selected lines can be used as a source of parents for breeders and candidates for new superior varieties with BLB resistance properties to support the reduction of synthetic chemical bactericide inputs and control BLB disease. However, further field evaluations are necessary to assess their performance
Phytohormone-Based Biostimulants as an Alternative Mitigating Strategy for Horticultural Plants Grown Under Adverse Multi-Stress Conditions: Common South African Stress Factors
Full text linkWorldwide, it has been recorded extensively that plants are subjected to severe abiotic and biotic stressors. The scientific research community has widely reported that multi-abiotic stressors cause horticultural crop losses, accounting for at least 50 to 70% of the crop yield and quality losses. Therefore, this review focused on the detrimental effects caused by abiotic stress factors occurring in single-, combined- and multi-cell stresses on horticultural plants worldwide, along with the best production systems practices for mitigation during and post-single and combined abiotic or multi-stress damages. A conclusion and recommendation could be reached using the pool of research material, which constituted research articles, reviews, book chapters, thesis, research short communications and industrial short communications from at least twenty-five years ago. Findings showed that some of the leading abiotic stresses are single- and combined abiotic stressors like water deficit, salinity, soil pH, phosphate deficiency, wounding, soil density and pot size. Established commercial and smallholder farmers are globally adapting to plant growth regulators and biostimulants as part of their production systems. However, as much as the effectiveness of biostimulants containing humic acids, algal extracts, plant growth-promoting microorganisms and phytohormones has been reported to promote plant development under multi-stress, only a few studies are focusing on organic phytohormone-based biostimulants on horticultural crops grown under adverse multi stress factoring. In conclusion, the review recommends alternative solutions for emerging South African farmers and growers who cannot afford agricultural insurance options and energy alternatives on the common single- and combined abiotic- or multi-stress-factors
Utilization of Chia Seeds Powder in Wet Noodle Substituted with Modified Cassava Flour
Full text linkThe Indonesian food industry needs to utilize local food commodities as an alternative to wheat, supporting local farmers as part of sustainable agriculture. Modified cassava flour (MOCAF) has similar characteristics to wheat flour yet it lacks gluten and has low protein content. Chia seeds have the potential to improve the textural characteristics of gluten-free products due to their gel-forming ability and are a good source of plant-based protein. This study aims to utilize chia seed powder in the formulation of wet noodles substituted with MOCAF to possibly obtain wet noodles with equal textural characteristics and protein content to 100% wheat flour noodles. In this study, different ratios of wheat flour to MOCAF (100:0, 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, 60:40) and different amounts of chia seed powder (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%) are studied in terms of cooking quality (cooking loss and water absorption), textural properties (hardness, cohesiveness, and chewiness), color (brightness and hue angle). Higher MOCAF substitution resulted in higher water absorption and cooking loss, as well as undesirable (harder) textural properties. Incorporation of chia seeds powder successfully lowers the cooking loss and higher water absorption of the MOCAF-substituted noodles and noodles with 100% wheat flour without chia seeds powder. Chia seed powder can reduce the hardness while maintaining and increasing the chewiness of the MOCAF-substituted noodles. In the MOCAF-substituted noodles, comparable protein content to that of 100% wheat flour noodles can be achieved with the use of 10 to 15% chia seeds powder at a maximum 80:20 substitution ratio
Factors Influencing Participation of Rural Women Farmers in Agricultural Activities in Ranau, Sabah, Malaysia: An Exploratory Factor Analysis
Full text linkGlobally, rural women farmers benefited from only 5% of agricultural extension information, and also only 10% of the agricultural extension facilities, this affects their engagement in agricultural development resulting in an increased rate of poverty and lack of the necessary knowledge of agricultural practice. This study aimed to determine the internal and external factors influencing rural women farmers’ participation in agricultural activities in rural areas of Malaysia. The study was conducted in Ranau, Sabah, Malaysia. A sample size of 248 rural women farmers was selected using simple random sampling. A five-point Likert scale questionnaire was used for data collection. Collected data were subjected to descriptive and factor analysis using Statistical Packages for Social Science (SPSS) version 26. The findings indicated that the factors affecting rural women’s participation in agricultural activities in Ranau, Sabah, encompassed access to financial and agricultural inputs, social culture, land rights, access to land, technology adoption, participation in farm management decisions, limited scope of agricultural policy and access to resource and support for women in agriculture. The present study has provided insights into the factors contributing to women’s participation in agriculture activities. The study suggests that a theoretical model should be proposed to test the relationship between these factors and women’s participation in agriculture, along with research to identify solutions for reducing identified barriers
The Effect of Silver Nanoparticles Stabilized with Tannic Acid for Nano-Priming on Zea mays L. Seeds Germination
Full text linkSilver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have various benefits for application in the agricultural sector, such as nano-seed priming to enhance seedling growth and development. In this research, the effectiveness of AgNPs sizes and concentration to enhance Zea mays seeds germination has been investigated. The AgNPs were synthesized using various concentrations of tannic acid (0.025, 0.25, and 5 mM) to produce AgNPs with different sizes to know their optimum size and concentration. The synthesized AgNPs were characterized using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer to determine the absorption spectrum of AgNPs within 400 to 500 nm. Besides that, a transmission electron microscope (TEM) was used to determine the size and shape of the AgNPs, and an atomic absorption spectrophotometer was used to determine the concentration. The results show AgNPs with sizes of 13.39±2.40, 27.25±4.09, and 46.7±10.75 nm, respectively. Subsequently, AgNPs with concentrations of ~8, ~16, and ~24 mg l-1 were exposed to Z. mays seeds for 24 hours, then germinated for 14 days. The results revealed that AgNPs with a size of ~27 nm and a concentration of ~24 mg l-1 showed the highest germination rate and growth despite the control and other treatments. This indicates that the AgNPs with those properties have the potential as a seed nano-priming agent