Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture
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Kajian Teknis Alat Pengering Gabah dengan Aliran Udara Pengering Secara Horizontal
No full textPenelitian ini, pertama bertujuan untuk memperoleh gambaran teknis kinerja (performance) dari alat pengering gabah yang menggunakan sekam sebagai sumber panasnya dan memanfaatkan aliran udara pengeringnya secara horizontal.Penelitian ini menggunakan percobaan laboratorium dan lapang yang diawali dengan mempersiapkan terlebih dahulu alat pengeringnya, baru dilakukan pengujian yang sebenarnya. Pengujian akan meliputi kinerja (performance) teknis, tingkat keseragaman suhu dan kecepatan aliran udara pengering serta keseragaman kadar air gabah setelah pengeringan. Besaran-besaran yang akan diamati dalam pengujian ini adalah kelembaban nisbi udara luar, debit aliran udara pengering, suhu udara pengering sebelum menembus gabah, suhu dan kelembaban udara setelah keluar dari gabah, kadar air gabah dan selang waktu pengamatan.Secara garis besar alat pengering ini mempunyai 4 (empat) subsistem yaitu subsistem pembangkit panas, subsistem pengaliran udara, subsistem penempatan produk, subsistem pengendali suhu tungku. Pada kondisi hujan dengan menggunkan blower berkapasitas 19m3/menit (0,5 HP); suhu udara luar 26-30oC; suhu udara pengering 50-60 oC; RH: 70-90%; kadar air gabah mula-mula 30%, kadar air gabah akhir 17%. Alat pengering mampu mengeringkan sebesar 40-50 kg gabah/jam dengan konsumsi sekam 4-6 kg/jam. Subsistem pengendali suhu tungku bekerja cukup baik dengan kisaran suhu 5oC. Suhu pengeringan relatif seragam dengan selisih suhu maksimum hanya 5%
Resolusi Konflik Petani Sekitar Perkebunan Karet melalui Pengembangan Modal Sosial di Desa Kuto Kecamatan Kerjo Kabupaten Karanganyar
No full textThe majority of local population living close to the rubber plantation are farmers. Some of them lived under the proverty line. The management of rubber estate, in fact, ignored local culture. Both situation, the proverty and lack of corporates social responsibility caused intensive conflicts. The objectives of this research describe: the factors fromulated social capital’s value and the role of social capital in conflict resolution in rubber estate. The constituants of the conflict consist of: the management of rubber estate, internal staff, the local people, local leaders also local and outside traders. This conflict involved: encrochment for agriculture, collecting fire woods illegally and stone mining illegally. In this case, the role of social capital values can described by many activities. The management is required to consider the aspirations of local people and to develop social network between the rubber estate with the local community; in particulary with local leaders; to develope the good exchange with local community, especially funds for social funtions; recruitment of the local people to work in the plantation; supply fresh water; all of which is aplication of the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) of the rubber estate. In the mean time, the local people are requested to participate in the maintenance and sustainability of the rubber estat
Pengaruh Penggunaan Filler dalam Pengeringan terhadap Perubahan Komponen Nutrisi dalam Penyimpanan Hasil Olahan Limbah Organik Dapur dan Restoran Hotel
No full textResearch of effect filler addition in drying to nutrient component exchange in storage of processed organic wastes of kitchen and restaurant hotel’s was done at the laboratory of feed Technology, Departemen of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Faculty of Animal Science UNDIP, Semarang. The research was aimed to study effect of filler addition in drying process of organic wastes of kitchen and restaurant hotel’s so the qualityy of product observed from proximate component and total fungi exchange during storage. Experiment was conducted by factorial completely randomized design (CRD-factorial) 3x2x3. Organic wastes of hotels class 1,2 and 3 dried by adding filler 0 and 15% and were stored for 0, 4 and 8 weeks. Component proximate i.e.: crude protein (CP), crude fat (CF), crude fiber (CF), Ash and Nitrogen Free extract (NFE) and total fungi are parameter observed. Data were statistically analyzed by Steel and Torrie (1981).The result showed that interaction effects of rice brand addition and time of storing are significant to EE, CF and NFE (P<0.05), but the effect to CP and Ash are not significant (P>0.05). interaction between hotel class, filler and storing significantly affected total fungi in the processed product (P<0.05)
Seleksi In Vitro untuk Mendapatkan Klon Kentang Tahan Terhadap Penyakit Layu Bakteri
No full textPenelitian dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mendapatkan metode seleksi in vitro yang efektif untuk menguji ketahanan klon kentang terhadap penyakit layu bakteri (Ralstonia solanacearum). Bahan tanaman yang digunakan meliputi klon kentang (tetraploid) hasil fusi protoplas antara BF15 (dihaploid) dan S. stenatomum (diploid), yaitu BS-21, BS-23, BS-34, BS-38, BS-43, BS-49, BS-51, BS-53, BS-54, BS-55, BS-73, dan BS-75. Kultivar Nooksack digunakan sebagai pembanding tahan dan Atlantik sebagai pembanding rentan. Perbanyakan bahan tanaman dilakukan di Pusat Penelitian Bioteknologi ITB, sedangkan pengujian in vitro dilakukan di Balai Penelitian Bioteknologi Tanaman Pangan (Balitbio) Bogor dengan menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap faktorial. Pengamatan dilakukan setiap hari terhadapt periode inkubasi dan kejadian penyakit, dan mulai satu hari setelah inokulasi.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa teknik inokulasi dengan cara siram maupun pengguntingan pucuk dapat digunakan untuk pengujian katahanan klon kentang terhadap penyakit layu bakteria secara in vitro. Namun demikian teknik inokulasi dengan cara pengguntingan pucuk menghasilkan periode inkubasi yang lebih cepat sehingga waktu pengujian yang diperlukan lebih singkat dibanding dengan teknik inokulasi siram. Berdasarkan pengujian tersebut, dari 12 klon kentang hasil fusi protoplas antara BF15 (2x) dan S. stenatomum (2x) terdapat empat klon yang termasuk tahan yaitu BS-23, BS-43, BS-75, dan BS-73, tiga klon agak tahan yaitu BS-53, BS-54, dan BS-38, dua klon agak rentan yaitu BS-49 dan BS-55, dan tiga klon rentan yaitu BS-34, BS-51, dan BS-21. Pengujian secara in vitro dapat digunakan untuk seleksi ketahanan klon kentang terhadap penyakit layu bakteri, karena waktu yang diperlukan lebih singkat dibanding pengujian di lapangan
Ampas Tahu Fermentasi Sebagai Bahan Pakan Ayam Pedaging
No full textResearch about the use of tofu by product as feeds in broiler have been done used 60 broiler, Arbor Acres strain 1 week age which 120,08 ± 15,58 g of body weight. Tofu by product as one of component in feeds, fermented by yeast contain Rhyzopus Oligosporus and R. Oryzae. Feeds compiled with isoprotein and iso energy. In first period, protein content in feeds are 22% and 2.900 kkal/kg of metabolic energy, while in last period protein content are 20% and 3.000 kkal/kg of metabolic energy. Treatment in this research defined as the level of fermented tofu by product in feeds. The treatment are T0, T1, T2 and T3 that containing 0%, 10%, 15% and 20% of fermented tofu by product. Parameter observed are feeds consumption, daily gain, feed coversion ratio, final weight and carcas percentage. Result from this research showed that feed consumption, daily gain, final weight and carcas percentage are increase significantly in line with the increasing of fermented tofu by product level, but carcas percentage was not significant. Meanwhile feed convertion significantly better in feeds contain fermented tofu by product. Conclusion taken from this research are fermented tofu by product increasing feeds quality and promoting growth of broiler
Langkah Menuju Industri Peternakan Sapi Bali di Nusa Tenggara Barat (NTB) Melalui Peternakan Terpadu Tanpa Limbah: Suatu Ulasan
No full textThree decades ago, West Nusa Tenggara or Nusa Tenggara Barat (NTB) was a resource of Bali cattle meat, to either provides national supply or export. However, since the year 2000, meat supply from NTB has been limited and there has been decreasing Bali cattle productivity. Low productivity of Bali cattle has been caused by severals factors such as: traditional way, in a small scale number cattle, in a relatively small size of land with limitation of feed availability in raising cattle. On the other hand, rice straw which potential for cattle feeding, has been burned which may induce pollution. In addition, cattle manure was also thrown to the field or to the river which may spread parasites infestation. As a consequuence, under NTB condition, Bali cattle has low productivity, with high cost of raising. Application of mixed farming may lead farm efficiency by reducing feeding cost, by using rice straws and processing manure as organic fertilizer. Mixed farming may provide solution to NTB farmers by leading zero waste and by inducing environmental friendly (eco-farming). Under mixed farming system, in order to improve cattle production, appropriate technology are essential to be implemented. Hopefully, production of Bali cattle and others agricultural comodities may increase optimally. Finally, higher income can be obtained and farmers may have a better live
Peran Sektor Pertanian dalam Pengembangan Wilayah Kabupaten Purworejo
No full textTujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji tingkat keterkaitan antara sektor pertanian dan sektor nonpertanian di Kabupaten Purworejo, mengkaji besarnya pemakaian barang dan jasa dari output sektor nonpertanian guna proses produksi sektor pertanian di Kabupaten Purworejo dan juga mengkaji besarnya penggunaan output dari sektor pertanian oleh sektor nonpertanian di Kabupaten Purworejo.Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh adalah: Sektor yang memiliki keterkaitan ke belakang terbesar adalah sektor Peternakan dan hasil-hasilnya sebesar 2,464327 dan sektor yang memiliki keterkaitan ke depan tertinggi adalah sektor Tanaman Bahan Makanan sebesar 2,94488; Sektor yang memilki Indeks Daya Penyebaran tertinggi adalah sektor Peternakan dan hasil-hasilnya yaitu sebesar 1,34596 dan sektor yang memilki Indeks Derajat Kepekaan tertinggi adalah sektor Tanaman Bahan Makanan sebesar 1,60843; Nilai Rasio Input Antara terendah untuk sektor Pertanian adalah sektor Tanaman Bahan Makanan yaitu 20,25 persen. Sedangkan nilai Rasio Permintaan Antara terbesar adalah sektor Tanaman Bahan Makanan yaitu 99,69 persen