Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture
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The Potensial of Fusarium sp. and Chaetomium sp. as Biological Control Agents of Five Broad-Leaf Weeds
Get PDFWeeds are a major problem in crop cultivation, either in food crops, horticulture, plantations or forests and cause a decrease in the quality and quantity of production. Weed biocontrol, especially by using plant pathogenic fungi, has received attention but is still lacking in application. The purpose of this study was to determine the potential of Fusarium sp. and Chaetomium sp. as biological control agents against five broad-leaf weeds (Asystasia gangetica L., Ageratum conyzoides L., Synendrella nodiflora (L.) Gaertn., Wedelia trilobata (L.) U.S. Hitchc. and Amaranthus spinosus L.). The variables observed were the incubation period, disease incidence, disease intensity, as well as weed fresh and dry weight. The results of this study showed that the two pathogenic fungi, Fusarium sp. and Chaetomium sp., can cause a more intensive disease in A. conizoides than A. spinosus. A. gangetica, S. nodiflora and W. trilobata; however, the fungi have not been able to inhibit the growth and kill the weeds. Therefore, improvement need to be done by modifying the media to increase the ability of fungi to control weeds
Competitiveness of Palm Oil Products in International Trade: An Analysis between Indonesia and Malaysia
Get PDFThe supply of palm oil products is still a central issue in international trade. Indonesia and Malaysia are major suppliers, contributing around 85% of world palm oil. Hence, both countries have an important role, as well as competing with each other in international trade. The palm oil products usually in high demand worldwide include Crude Palm Oil (CPO), which is the main and its derivative products such as Refined Bleached Deodorized (RBD) palm olein and Palm Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD). Therefore, the research aims at assessing the competitiveness of palm oil products between Indonesia and Malaysia in international trade. The Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) and products mapping methods were used in this assessment. The results show that, the value of RCA of Indonesian CPO showed a negative trend, although, still higher than Malaysia, though with positive trend. However, Indonesian RBD palm olein and PFAD have a positive trend compared with Malaysia. Upon using the method of products mapping, it was found that, the palm oil products of both countries were in group A. This is an indication that the products have comparative advantage and export specialization. Therefore, there is need for strategic policies, in both countries, for supporting oil palm activities at the downstream. This will enhance the production of derivative products with the capacity of also meeting demands in the international trade
The Efficiency of Garlic Supply Chain Actors Measured using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) Method in Karanganyar, Indonesia
Get PDFOne of the obstacles to the development of agribusiness is related to supply chain management. The availability of supply is the most important factor in influencing supply chain performance. Without a stable and routine supply, supply chain performance will be disrupted. Karanganyar Regency is one of the production centers of horticultural commodities, particularly garlic. This study aimed to analyze the efficiency of each garlic supply chain actor in Karanganyar Regency. The research was conducted from March to April 2019. The efficiency of each supply chain actor in this study was measured using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method. Performance measurement was done through the DEA approach and the performance attributes were input and output variables. The respondents observed were 50 farmers and 13 supply chain actors working in institutions. The samples of farmers were taken using purposive sampling technique, while the samples of supply chain actors were obtained using snowball sampling. The results have shown that the most efficient supply chain actors were retailers with an efficiency value of 1 (100%), while inefficient supply chain actors were farmers with an average efficiency value of 0.709. From a total of 50 Decision Making Unit (DMU) of total farmers, 13 DMU (26%) were efficient, while 37 DMU (74%) were inefficient and further need improvements, like using certified seeds and suitable fertilizer recommendations, as well as reducing external labor during the process of maintenance, harvesting and post-harvest. Farmers are expected to have the desire to learn from referral farmers
Sensory and Physicochemical Characteristics of Manyung (Arius thalassinus) Kekian High Fiber with the Addition of Eucheuma cottonii Seaweed
Get PDFKekian is a processed product from fish meat added with seasoning, fillers and binders then formed and wrapped with tofu skin. Kekian has a low dietary fiber so that the addition of seaweed porridge can be used to increase the content of dietary fiber in kekian. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of adding different seaweed porridge (Eucheuma cottonii) to characteristics of manyung (Arius thalassinus) kekian and determine the best seaweed porridge to the best kekian fish characteristics. The research method used was experimental laboratories using a completely randomized design of one factor is concentration of the addition of porridge (0%, 20%, 30% and 40%) with 3 replications. Sensory value data were analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis test, while tests of dietary fiber, air content, protein content, water holding capacity and gel strength were analyzed using ANOVA. The results showed that the difference in the addition of seaweed porridge had a significant effect (
A Comparison of Economic Efficiency of Monoculture and Multiple Cropping Patterns: The Case of Cassava Farming in Ende, Indonesia
Get PDFNuabosi cassava is an alternative carbohydrate source for the community, which is expected to be a substitute for rice. This commodity has the potential to be developed, but is limited in resources, so it requires technological breakthroughs. This study aims at analyzing the level of technical, allocative and economic efficiency between the cassava cropping pattern and the factors that affect the efficiency. The research was conducted in Randotonda Village, from November 2019 to January 2020 and the samples consisted of 61 monoculture farmers and 46 multiple cropping farmers. Data analysis was performed using the Cobb-Douglass stochastic frontier production function. The allocative and economic efficiency was examined with the stochastic frontier cost function approach. The results of stochastic frontier estimation show that all variables have a positive effect on the production variable. The variables having a positive effect on the total cost include the price of cassava cuttings, the price of fertilizer, production and the dummy cropping pattern. The average level of economic efficiency of monoculture farmers is lower than that of multiple cropping farmers. Factors that affect economic efficiency are age, length of time to cultivate, frequency of obtaining information, dummy of farmer group membership and dummy of cropping patterns. In short, the level of technical, allocative and economic efficiency of monoculture farmers is lower than that of multiple cropping farmers. Farmers are expected to pay attention to the types of plants that are suitable in implementing the multiple cropping pattern
The Impacts of Climate-Induced Agricultural Drought on Four Cereal Crops: A Case Study in Bako Tibe District, Oromia National Regional State, Ethiopia
Get PDFIncreasing temperature and altered precipitation patterns lead to the extreme weather events such as drought and flood, which severely affects the agricultural production. This study was aimed to assess the impact of climate change-induced agricultural drought on four cereal crops in Bako Tibe District. Time-series climate and crop yield data, recorded from 1989 to 2018, were acquired from NASA’s data portal and Bako Research Institute. The changes in temperature and precipitation were analyzed using Mann Kendall trend test. The agricultural drought index was analyzed using R-software. The correlation between the selected yield crops and drought indices were evaluated using Pearson correlation coefficient. The results show that trends of seasonal and annual maximum and minimum temperatures were significantly increased (P<0.05). However, seasonal and annual precipitations were insignificantly decreased (P>0.05). Moderate to severe agricultural drought intensities happened four times in the last three decades. These drought spells spatially covered about 36% of the total area of the district. Crop yields and drought indices were significantly correlated at p-values; 0.0034, 0.043, 0.003 and 0.001 for teff, wheat, barley and maize, respectively. The coefficient of determination (R2) values of crop yields were 28.3%, 30.9%, 28.5% and 34.6% for teff, wheat, barley and maize, correspondingly. The study clearly suggests that the increase in temperature and decrease in precipitation enhanced the frequency and intensity of drought events and these impacted the selected crop yields during the past three decades. The map-based results could be used as guides for governmental and non-governmental organizations concerning on drought impact mitigation activities in the district by encouraging farmers to adopt appropriate agricultural technologies, drought tolerant crop varieties and small scale irrigation
Selection for Growth Traits on M1V1 Generation of Raja Bulu Banana (Musa paradisiaca Linn.) Obtained by Gamma Rays Irradiation
Get PDFRaja Bulu is one of the banana varieties favored by the community because of its thick fruit flesh and sweet taste. However, its parthenocarpic characteristic and vegetative propagation make this banana variety has limited genetic variation. Attempt to improve the genetic variation was conducted through induced mutation breeding using gamma-ray mutagens. This research aimed to select M1V1 generation of Raja Bulu banana (Musa paradisiaca Linn.) obtained by gamma rays’ irradiation for their growth traits which are expected to produce banana varieties that have an early maturity and high yield. This study used a randomized complete block design without replication by observing the generative growth of each individual of Raja Bulu banana irradiated by gamma rays and without radiation as a control. The results showed that gamma-ray irradiation treatment caused Raja Bulu banana to be harvested earlier and produced higher fruit weight than controls. The gamma-ray irradiation had a random influence on Raja Bulu bananas. The 10 Gy gamma-ray irradiation dosage influenced the morphological diversity in the generative phase of Raja Bulu banana. The treatment of gamma irradiation resulted in 5 individual plants that flowered and matured earlier as compared to controls
Assessing the Zero Hunger Target Readiness in Africa in the Face of COVID-19 Pandemic
Get PDFSustainable Development Goal 2 (SDG 2) is hinged on achieving zero hunger target globally by 2030. Many developing countries, especially African countries, are challenged with extreme hunger that are often caused or compounded by bad governance, conflicts and climate change. In this paper, we assess Africa’s readiness towards attaining the zero hunger target by 2030 in the face of COVID-19 pandemic. Patterns of Global Hunger Index (GHI) and each of its indicators across Africa are compared before the pandemic (2000-2019). The effect of the pandemic on the hunger situation in Africa is discussed by highlighting the mitigating measures put in place by selected African governments. We have found that most African countries have recorded steady reduction in their child mortality rates but high prevalence of undernourishment, stunting and child wasting indicates significant challenges hampering the achievement of the zero hunger target. The study recommends that African governments should prioritize sustainable agricultural practices and give serious attention to the formulation and implementation of policies that reduce hunger against the COVID-19 pandemic
Identifying the Factors Contributing to the Volume of Coffee Export from North Sumatra to the United States, Malaysia and Japan
Get PDFThe fluctuation of coffee export from North Sumatra to the three primary destination countries, including the United States, Malaysia and Japan, has never been reported simultaneously. The research was aimed to analyze the factors affecting the volume of coffee export from North Sumatra to the United States, Malaysia and Japan. The research was conducted in November 2019 until March 2020. This study employed secondary data, which were obtained from the Statistics of Sumatera Utara, International Coffee Organization, Bank Indonesia and Trading Economics in the time series of 34 years (1986 until 2019). The data were analyzed using the quantitative descriptive method with the panel data regression analysis by applying the Chow and Hausman tests with the Eviews 10 software. The analysis results show that the Free on Board (FOB) value, Indonesia Coffee Prices (ICP), Rupiah Exchange Rate (RER), Gross Domestik Product (GDP) per capita and coffee yield simultaneously and significantly affected the Coffee Export Volume (CEV) from North Sumatra to the United States, Malaysia and Japan. The FOB value, ICP and coffee yield had a partially significant positive effect on the CEV from North Sumatra to the three countries. The GDP per capita had a partially significant negative effect, while the RER did not put significant effect on the CEV. The FOB value, ICP and coffee yield are necessary to be increased for maintaining and supporting a rise in the volume of coffee export from North Sumatra
Measuring the Satisfaction Levels of Customers of Fresh Vegetables towards the Marketing Mix in Traditional Markets in Sukoharjo Regency, Indonesia
Get PDFVegetables are horticultural crops that have a high market absorption. Modern market that is considered to have many advantages does not necessarily reduce consumers’ shopping interest at traditional markets. Traditional markets appear to have different characteristics and visitor segments from modern markets. This study aims to determine the level of consumers’ satisfaction of vegetables towards the marketing mix in the traditional markets in Sukoharjo. Data were processed using the Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI) method. The study was conducted from January to March 2019 with 80 consumers of vegetables as the respondents taken using quota sampling technique. CSI analysis was used to measure the level of customers’ satisfaction by calculating the rates of indicator performance attached to the items/services given by the consumers. Based on the CSI values, the result of the study conclude that consumers were satisfied with the services provided in traditional markets, which put priority on using family system to create convenient atmosphere of transactions