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The future of paramedic education: Problematizing the translucent curriculum in paramedicine
Get PDFThis article questions the extent to which paramedic education is adequate for a changing prehospital and ambulance world and to more advanced forms of professionalism. Paramedic training and education has increasingly moved out of in-service provision. In most Anglophone societies that feature similar models of prehospital medicine, the route to the qualification of new paramedics is through university degree programmes or college certification. This is an important route for professionalizing the paramedic occupation and has served to broaden the scope of practice and to boost the status of the paramedic. There remains much to do, however, in terms of modernizing and strengthening the provision of paramedic education. Drawing on the classic sociological notion of the hidden curriculum, this article argues that reform of paramedic education is an essential element in better preparing the paramedic profession for the future. Paramedic education needs to pivot away from its overwhelming emphasis on biomedical positivism and what we call the tyranny of the bio-psycho-medico in order to develop a more sociologically-informed curriculum that better prepares students for the realities of what they meet on the streets – a reality that better aligns with community paramedicine – in a changing society, and to provide scope for a more Socratic introspection of the nature, culture, structure, and ethics of the paramedic role itself
AIKII: An AI-Enhanced Knowledge Interactive Interface for Knowledge Representation in Educational Games
No full textThe use of generative AI to create responsive and adaptive game content has attracted considerable interest within the educational game design community, highlighting its potential as a tool for enhancing players' understanding of in-game knowledge. However, designing effective player-AI interaction to support knowledge representation remains unexplored. This paper presents AIKII, an AI-enhanced Knowledge Interaction Interface designed to facilitate knowledge representation in educational games. AIKII employs various interaction channels to represent in-game knowledge and support player engagement. To investigate its effectiveness and user learning experience, we implemented AIKII into The Journey of Poetry, an educational game centered on learning Chinese poetry, and conducted interviews with university students. The results demonstrated that our method fosters contextual and reflective connections between players and in-game knowledge, enhancing player autonomy and immersion
The impact of collective trauma on mental health psychology practitioners' wellbeing: Insights gained from Covid-19
Get PDFObjective
This study aimed at investigating how the pandemic, a collective trauma experience, affected the mental health and wellbeing of Mental Health Psychology Practitioners (MHPPs), along with the strategies employed to maintain positive wellbeing.
Method
An exploratory, qualitative research approach was taken, and semi-structured interview data was collected from nine MHPPs and analysed thematically.
Results
Three main themes were identified, consisting of two subthemes each, ranging from experiences of vicarious traumatisation, personal vs. professional identity issues, through to the strategies participants employ to maintain their wellbeing.
Conclusion
The need for training focusing on collectively traumatic experiences was highlighted by this study’s results. The development of targeted interventions and comprehensive training programmes are essential, including modules on self-care, resilience-building, and maintaining professional boundaries, as they can help this group of practitioners be less susceptible to occupational risks, resulting in better outcomes for both practitioners and their clients
The individual and situational factors predicting unethical behaviour in the workplace: a direct and conceptual replication of Jones & Kavanagh (1996)
Get PDFIntentions to act unethically in the workplace are purported to be driven by a number of situational and individual factors. Across two seminal vignette experiments Jones and Kavanagh (1996) reported inconsistent effect sizes for manager and peer influence and locus of control, consistent significant effects for work quality and Machiavellianism, and consistent non-significant effects for gender. Using an innovative multi-site collaboration, the current Registered Report represents a direct replication of these experiments (N = 2218), and adds a longitudinal conceptual replication capturing self-reported unethical work behaviour (N = 1747). Both replications found a consistent small effect of having a more external locus of control and male identity, and a consistent moderate effect of machiavellianism, for increasing unethical intentions and behaviour. The situational factors, whilst consistent in direction with that of the original study, varied more substantively in effect size. Our results highlight the value of multi-site collaborations and different replication types in developing conceptual, methodological, measurement and theoretical clarity to ensure future works can progress more rapidly to minimize the negative impacts of unethical workplace behaviour and improve individual’s working lives. All materials, code and data for this project can be found here: osf.io/d3arx
‘No easy way from the earth to the stars’: a new statistical approach to the orientation of the Maltese Temples
Get PDFThe Maltese Temples, built between 3800 and 2400 BC, are unique structures among the prehistoric monuments of Europe. Their consistent architectural style is characterised by straight entrance corridors leading to open courtyards. This led scholars to ask whether there may have been some intention to orientate their entrances in specific, meaningful ways. Previous attempts to answer this question have either proposed explanations without any formal analysis, only looking to disprove randomness, or have jumped to celestial interpretations without first exploring topographical ones. By contrast, we here deploy a single statistical framework to test the orientation of the Maltese temples against a variety of hypotheses, both terrestrial and celestial. Using a new set of orientation measurements for 32 structures (the largest sample ever analysed) the statistical analysis indicates that despite most temples having orientations that can be explained either by chance, terrain aspect, protection from wind or winter sunlight, there are some patterns of orientation that cannot be explained by any of these hypotheses. These patterns are only statistically significant for temples of the earlier, Ġgantija phase of construction and they match the rising or setting of neighbouring stars of the southern celestial hemisphere. It is argued that these stellar matches were unlikely to be coincidences in that they probably were important stars for astronavigation (as they still are today) in the central Mediterranean. Finally, we suggest that the temples, in addition to other symbolic or social purposes may have been places of instruction for young seafarers to learn these important navigational stars
TEMPORARILY REMOVED - Paralympic cripvertising: On the gendered self-representations of Paralympic athletes on social media
Get PDFParalympic athletes are increasingly using social media platforms such as Instagram and TikTok to (self-)represent and engage audiences in disability counter-narratives that resist dominant disability stereotypes. This is particularly the case at the intersection of gender and sexuality where social media is being harnessed to visibly reclaim gendered and sexualised disabled identities in new and diverse ways. In this article, we advance scholarship on female Paralympic athletes’ self-representational practices through an intersectional visual media analysis of the most popular female British Paralympic athletes’ Instagram pages. We capture a particular trend in Paralympic athletes’ self-representational practices, termed cripvertising, that intersects with gendered heteronormative scripts centred on neoliberal ableism, kinship normativity and consumption (‘branding’) capabilities. We discuss the contradictions and complexities of Paralympians’ self-representations and their role in relation to the subversive, pedagogical and emancipatory potential for shaping new disability media narratives, disabled (online) normativity and representational politics
Triphase Heterogeneous Electrocatalysts of Ni and Co for High-Performing Li-O2 Batteries
Get PDFThe limited energy density of the current Li-ion batteries restricts the electrification of transportation to small- and medium-scale vehicles. On the contrary, Li-O2 batteries (LOBs), with their significantly higher theoretical energy density, can power heavy-duty transportation, if the sluggish electrode kinetics in these devices can be substantially improved. The use of solid electrocatalysts at the cathode is a viable strategy to address this challenge, but current electrocatalysts fail to provide sufficient discharge depths and cyclability, primarily due to the formation of the film-like discharge product, Li₂O₂, on catalytic sites, which obstructs charge transport and gas diffusion pathways. Here, we report that a triphase heterogeneous catalyst comprising NiCoP, NiCo2S4, and NiCo2O4, assembled into a hierarchical hollow architecture (NC-3@Ni), efficiently modulates the morphology and orientation of the discharge product, facilitating the sheet-like growth of Li2O2 perpendicular to the cathode surface. These modifications enable the assembled LOB to deliver a high discharge capacity of 25 162 mAh g−1 at 400 mA g−1, along with impressive cycling performance, achieving 270 cycles with a discharge depth of 1000 mAh g−1, exceeding 1350 h of continuous operation. This promising performance is attributed to the presence of individual electrophilic and nucleophilic phases within the heterogeneous microstructure of the triphase catalyst, collectively promoting the formation of sheet-like Li2O2
Modelling Innovation Adoption Spreading in Complex Networks
Get PDFInnovation adoption pattern has been found to be influenced by the underly- ing social network structure and its constituent entities. In this paper, we model innovation diffusion considering (1) the role of network structures in dictating the spread of adoption and (2) how individual’s characteristic/capability influences the path of diffusion (e.g. an individual may have different attitude or ability towards adopting a new innovation). We consider that each individual is unique and his/her position in the network is important. We draw on the epidemic the- ory and model the diffusion dynamics via a continuous-time Markov chain which offers strong analytical tractability while retaining a high-level of generality. Our model allows derivation of individual’s adoption probability and the aggregate adoption behavior of the network as a whole. Precise computation of individual adoption decision conditioned by the population’s behavior is of exponential com- plexity (i.e., the state space exponentially increases with the size of the network). By applying a mean field approximation, the analysis complexity of the spreading mechanics is reduced from exponential (O(5^N)) to polynomial (O(N )) and thus allowing our approach to scale for large networks. We offer insights into how the network spectrum affects the innovation exposure rate and spreading of innova- tion individually and across communities with different adoption behaviors. We compare our model against a wide-range of Monte-Carlo experiments and show close agreements in different settings (including both homogeneous and heteroge- neous population cases). Finally, we illustrate the effects of the embedded social structure and the characteristics of individuals in the network on the path of innovation diffusion via two use cases: (i) innovation adoption of EU countries in a Single Market Programme and (ii) innovation adoption of specific class of technology (specifically financial technologies (FinTech))
Moderate-to-vigorous and light-intensity aerobic exercise yield similar effects on food reward, appetitive responses, and energy intake in physically inactive adults
Get PDFObjective
To examine the effect of acute aerobic exercise at moderate-to-vigorous and light intensity on food reward, appetite sensation, and energy intake (EI) in physically inactive adults.
Methods
Twenty inactive, healthy adults (mean age: 21 ± 3 years) completed two trials (i.e. moderate-to-vigorous and light-intensity exercise) in a randomised, crossover design. Participants performed a 40-min cycling bout at either 50% or 20% peak power output in a counterbalanced order. Before and after exercise bouts, liking and wanting for fat and sweet/savoury categories of food were assessed by the Leeds Food Preference Questionnaire, along with subjective ratings of appetite and state food cravings. EI was evaluated by ad libitum meals following exercise bouts.
Results
Results showed increased implicit wanting for high-fat relative to low-fat foods (p = .04, drm = 0.50) and savoury relative to sweet foods following exercise bouts (p = .04, drm = −0.49) without intensity-specific effects. Exercise bouts also led to increased subjective appetite (p < 0.001, η2p = 0.60) and state food cravings (p = 0.001, η2p = 0.44) without intensity-specific differences. There was no difference between exercise intensities on absolute EI, whereas relative EI was lower after moderate-to-vigorous exercise relative to light exercise (p < 0.001, drm = −1.56).
Conclusion
Acute aerobic exercise, regardless of intensity, may lead to increased wanting for high-fat relative to low-fat and savoury relative to sweet-tasting foods, as well as enhanced appetite sensation and food cravings in physically inactive adults. Moderate-to-vigorous exercise does not induce additional energy intake relative to light exercise
Valence Effects on Episodic Memory in Young and Old Adults Following Exposure to Emotional Stimuli
Get PDFEpisodic memory benefits from arousal, with better retrieval linked to arousing to-be-remembered information. Arousal's impact on subsequent memory processes, particularly for nonarousing stimuli, remains unclear. Healthy ageing is associated with emotion regulation changes and declines in episodic memory, which may influence how arousal affects memory processes. This functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) study examined the effects of valence on episodic memory in young and old adults, focusing on memory of neutral information following arousal exposure. Neural activity was assessed at three time points: during exposure to arousing and nonarousing images, encoding of neutral videos following image exposure, retrieval of the encoded videos. We hypothesised that valence would induce distinct neural activation across task stages, and exposure to negative stimuli would be associated with worse retrieval. Old adults were expected to show stronger neural responses to positive valence and less disruption from negative valence on memory performance. Behavioural results revealed that only negative valence was associated with impaired retrieval. fMRI results replicated age-related differences in memory performance, with old adults compensating through increased hippocampal and frontal gyri activity. Negative valence was associated with increased activity in the occipital cortex and precentral gyri, also affecting upcoming encoding with heightened activity in the left insula, precuneus and middle temporal gyrus. In old adults, positive valence prompted increasing neural engagement from initial exposure to retrieval, reflecting changes in emotion regulation strategies. Findings emphasise the enduring impact of negative valence on subsequent cognitive processes and suggest that age-related changes in emotional regulation influence memory-related neural processes