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The similarity with a face presented in central vision improves face recognition in peripheral vision
Get PDFThe fovea, with its high concentration of cone photoreceptors, results in increased sensitivity and visual acuity, while the periphery, with its lower contrast sensitivity and resolution, provides better spatial summation. Despite these differences, our experience of the visual field remains detailed and uniform, supported by the influence of central vision on peripheral vision. There is evidence that recognition of simple shapes in the periphery is enhanced by the presence of a similar shape in central vision. However, it is unclear whether such mechanisms generalise to more complex stimuli, such as faces. In a face matching task, we found that having a similar face in central vision improved face matching performance in the periphery. This suggests that general mechanisms govern the interaction between central and peripheral vision in recognising faces
Post-2000 milestones in freshwater fish taxonomy: a comprehensive review of newly described species in Turkiye
Get PDFThe 2000s are the revolutionary decade for the taxonomy of freshwater fishes of Türkiye in terms of the most significant ever rate of increase in species descriptions. Among the approximately 390 freshwater fish species reported from Türkiye, a remarkable 136 have been described since 2000, reflecting an accelerated pace of taxonomic and morphological activity. This surge has been prompted by the influx of new researchers and the widespread adoption of molecular sequencing techniques, currently at the center of taxonomic work since the 2010s. This synthesis gives a complete view of these 136 new species named, examining predominant parameters such as genera, descriptors, contributing countries, and the chronological order of discoveries. The results are presented through visual data, which help illustrate the progress in taxonomic research and the contributions of international collaboration. The study also highlights the rapid development of freshwater biodiversity research in Türkiye and emphasizes the value of using integrated methods and global partnerships to better understand less-studied aquatic species. The bibliometric analysis indicates that a substantial proportion of new species descriptions is ascribed to a limited cohort of prolific researchers, with the majority of contributions made by a core group of the top 10 authors. These discoveries not only augment our comprehension of Türkiye’s freshwater fish fauna but also illuminate broader trends influencing taxonomic study in the 21st century
The applications of complex network analysis in aquaculture and capture fisheries: a systematic review of trends, challenges, and future directions
Get PDFThe rapid growth of the aquaculture and capture fisheries sector has made a significant contribution to global food security and economic development. However, increasing complexity in managing ecological sustainability, disease control, production efficiency, and supply chain resilience presents ongoing challenges. To address these, complex network analysis (CNA) has been applied to explore interactions among fish species, farms, environmental factors, and stakeholders. This approach provides operational insights, such as identifying vulnerable points in production systems, ecological insights into species and environmental linkages, and economic insights into trade and supply chains, all of which can inform more sustainable management practices. This paper presents a comprehensive review of CNA applications in aquaculture and fisheries, including modelling of disease transmission pathways, gene co-expression networks, trade systems, and production flows. A systematic literature review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines using the Web of Science and Scopus databases. Four major thematic areas emerged from the synthesis: (1) disease spread and control, (2) ecological analysis, (3) genetic analysis, and (4) production and resource flow. Within these themes, researchers used diverse network modelling approaches such as disease transmission models, ecological interaction frameworks, and trade flow networks alongside metrics like centrality measures, clustering coefficients, and modularity to assess structural properties. The review also highlights recurring challenges, including limited data availability, difficulties in model validation, and reliance on static networks that fail to capture temporal dynamics. Future research directions include developing dynamic network models, improving interdisciplinary data integration, and applying machine learning techniques to enhance analytical capabilities. These priorities reflect both the current limitations and the potential for CNA to inform more resilient and adaptive aquaculture and fisheries systems. As the sector continues to expand, CNA offers a valuable framework to support research and management practices that address critical challenges and promote long-term sustainability
Measurement properties of outcome measurement instruments for pediatric dysfunctional breathing: a systematic review
Get PDFPurpose: Clinicians commonly use various outcome measurement instruments (OMIs) to assess dysfunctional breathing (DB) in children. However, no review has examined their psychometric properties. This article systematically reviewed the psychometric properties of OMIs in pediatric DB. Methods: Articles that developed or evaluated measurement properties of OMIs for pediatric DB were included. EbscoHost CINAHL Ultimate, Cochrane Library, Ovid Embase, EMCare, and Medline were searched from inception to October 10, 2024. Methodological quality and psychometric properties were assessed and synthesised using the COSMIN (COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments) methodology. Results: After screening 14,240 references, three articles met the inclusion criteria, identifying two OMIs: the Hyperventilation Syndrome Ambroise-Paré (SHAPE) in French and the Nijmegen Questionnaire (NQ). SHAPE showed ‘doubtful’ OMI development and content validity with an ‘indeterminate’ rating for the results. One study reported ‘inadequate’ methodological quality for structural validity, though the property itself was rated ‘sufficient’. Another study had ‘very good’ methodological quality, with ‘sufficient’ ratings for the criterion and discriminative validity. The NQ was evaluated for convergent validity; the methodological quality was ‘inadequate’, but the property was rated ‘sufficient’. GRADE quality of evidence for SHAPE’s development and content validity was not graded due to indeterminate results. For the remaining measurement properties, evidence quality ranged from low to very low across studies. Conclusions: The SHAPE questionnaire has preliminary support from OMI development and shows promise in some psychometric domains. The NQ lacks pediatric validation. Development of age-appropriate, clinically relevant OMIs is essential for accurate DB assessment in children. PROSPERO No: CRD42024530540
Effects of social exclusion on following the gaze of others
Get PDFEvidence shows that social exclusion motivates to paying attention to the situation to reconnect with others or to protect oneself from further exclusion. However, it is unclear how social attention is affected by who offers an opportunity to reconnect. Two studies filled this gap by assessing whether being excluded affects our propensity to share attention with another individual (seen or novel) with a happy or a neutral expression. Findings show a significant three-way interaction with differences in gaze cueing between groups only for seen faces with a neutral expression. Gaze-cueing effects for seen (excluders) faces with a neutral expression occurred in 73% of socially excluded individuals – this was 33% for seen (includers) faces for socially included. There were no differences in gaze cueing for novel faces with happy or neutral expressions. In Study 2, social information about faces was learned without direct exclusion. Here, the proportion of participants showing the effect observed in Study 1 and the associations between gaze cueing and emotional expressions differed. In line with the social monitoring system theory, individuals in the immediate aftermath of exclusion remain socially engaged, displaying a dual attentional strategy: vigilance towards the excluder and openness to affiliative signals from novel others
Transformational leadership and turnover intention in sport for development and peace (SDP): The serial mediation effect of decent work and meaningful work
No full textPurpose/Rationale
Building on the psychology of working theory (PWT), this study examined how transformational leadership influences turnover intention among sport for development and peace (SDP) employees through the mediating roles of decent work and meaningful work perceptions.
Research Methods
Data were collected from 106 SDP employees worldwide through an online survey. A serial mediation model was examined using regression analysis with bootstrapping.
Findings
Transformational leadership was negatively associated with turnover intention among SDP employees. Both decent work and meaningful work perceptions independently mediated this relationship. Additionally, a significant serial mediation effect was identified where transformational leadership enhanced perceptions of decent work, which in turn fostered meaningful work experiences, and ultimately reduced turnover intention.
Implications
This study provides critical insights into how transformational leadership contributes to employee retention in SDP organizations by shaping decent and meaningful work perceptions. It offers theoretical advancements in the application of PWT in the sport sector and provides actionable strategies for SDP agencies to enhance workforce retention by leveraging transformational leadership practices
Parkour, graffiti, and the politics of (in)visibility in aestheticised cityscapes
Get PDFIn the last decades urban scholars have discussed at length how the production of aesthetically pleasing and consumption-enticing cityscapes has become the core of post-industrial urban economies. Critical analyses have underlined how the “dictatorship of the visual” (Brouderhoux, 2015) characterizing these urban processes implies the expulsion from public life of “unacceptable” differences and conflicts within. While fundamental, these perspectives have not fully engaged with a variety of urban practices and groups that are simultaneously addressed by urban leaderships as visible assets and threats for image-based re-development processes. Drawing on two ethnographic studies in Turin and Bologna, Italy, this paper contributes to address this gap by focusing on parkour and graffiti's ambiguous and controversial positions in these re-branding cities. By addressing how traceurs and writers reconciled and negotiated their positioning within image-led urban redevelopment processes, this paper expands existing discussions on the nexus between (in)visibility, publicness, embodied geographies and aestheticised cityscape
Mandatory spousal authorisation for abortion: characteristics of countries in which it exists and the potential for modernisation of the law
No full textPurpose: Spousal authorisation for abortion (SA) does not align with modern thinking on respect for autonomy. The World Health Organization guideline on abortion specifically recommends that abortion should be available on request without third-party authorisation. The objectives of the study were to: a) to determine which countries insist by law on SA, b) describe the characteristics of these countries and c) to assess the impact of such legislation on access to abortion.
Methods: Interrogation of known databases on global abortion laws. A literature review of material on how mandatory SA relates to reproductive rights.
Results: Fifteen countries were found to require SA. These include 10 which can be described as those with Islamic values and policies and two of predominantly Christian faith. Three South Eastern Asian countries stand out from the rest as modern, progressive and without strong religious influence: Japan, South Korea and Taiwan. These three also have a high degree of freedom in terms of political rights and civil liberties, indicating that there is realistic scope for citizens to influence policymakers. Broader studies on third-party authorisation for abortion show delayed access to abortion and emphasise the general principle that it is the healthcare seeker alone whose consent should be required for a health intervention. A qualitative study from Turkey showed specifically how SA requirements could impair access to abortion.
Conclusions: Deeply patriarchal societies will take generations to change. In contrast, Japan, South Korea and Taiwan are prime candidates for liberalisation of abortion law
Virtual reality application for OCD assessment
Get PDFThis paper provides an overview of a fully implemented Virtual Reality (VR) application which aims to support the assessment of the most common subtypes of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD): cleaning and checking behaviours. The VR application consists of a tool for the therapist to select differing levels of tasks for the participants to fulfil within an interactive 3D virtual kitchen. Participants’ assessment will be taking place at tasks completion level whilst their behaviour will be analysed through continuous recording of physiological measures and self-reporting questionnaires
Would it be feasible for European Union countries to implement Safe Access Zones for premises providing abortion services?
Get PDFAnti-abortion protestors situated near premises providing abortion services create barriers and hurdles to accessing abortion services, which violates the right of pregnant people to seek sexual and reproductive health services. There has been shown to be a need for Safe Access Zones (SAZs) to guarantee physical access to abortion services without obstruction. SAZs usually operate within a prescribed radius around premises providing abortion services and set out what behaviour is prohibited. The objective of this paper is to present a summary of the international experience of introducing and implementing SAZ laws, and to explain the lessons to be learned from this experience. SAZ legislation has been successfully enacted internationally in 22 jurisdictions (USA excluded). Countries with SAZ laws include Australia, New Zealand, the UK, and parts of Canada.
Despite the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe calling for the introduction of SAZs in 2022, only two European Union (EU) countries have implemented this recommendation so far. On the basis of the medical and legal insights gained from the functioning of SAZs to date, it is the authors’ opinion that it would be feasible for the 25 EU countries that do not yet have such zones to legislate for SAZs