Makara Journal of Science
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KOMPOSISI DAN KANDUNGAN PIGMEN UTAMA TUMBUHAN TALIPUTRI Cuscuta australis R.Br. DAN Cassytha filiformis L.
No full textThe Composition and The Content of The Main Pigments on Dodders Plant Cuscuta australis R.Br. and Cassytha filiformis L. Research on dodders plant Cuscuta australis R.Br. and Cassytha filiformis L was done to analyze their pigment composition and content. The pigment composition was analyzed by the use of thin layer chromatography (TLC) method based on spot color and retardation factor. The water content was measured according to Sudarmadji et. al. The chlorophylls and carotenoid contents were calculated by Porra et. al. and Gross equation, respectively. Result showed that Cuscuta australis R.Br. (green yellowish and orange) and Cassytha filiformis L. (green and brown reddish) had similar pigment composition consist of carotene, pheophytin a, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and xanthophyll. The average of the chlorophyll content from the highest to the lowest one was Cassytha filiformis L. green followed by Cuscuta australis R.Br. green yellowish and orange, while the total chlorophyll of Cassytha filiformis L. brown reddish was relatively similar with other dodders plant. The average of the carotenoid content from the highest to the lowest was Cuscuta australis R.Br. orange followed by Cuscuta australis R.Br. green yellowish. The pigment content of Cassytha filiformis L. was relatively similar to Cassytha filiformis L. brown reddish. Keywords: dodders plant, chlorophyll, carotenoid, pigment
KEPADATAN POPULASI DAN PERTUMBUHAN KERANG DARAH Anadara antiquata L. (Bivalvia: Arcidae) DI TELUK SUNGAI PISANG, KOTA PADANG, SUMATERA BARAT
No full textThe population density and growth of the cockle Anadara antiquata L. Pelecypoda in Pisang River bay area Padang city, west Sumatera. The research has been done from March to December in 2004. The cockles A.antiquata were collected with systimatic stratified method. The cockle A. antiquata colletion site were divided three strata. The each strata were divided three station based on the water depth. Results of the research showed that the higest density of the cockle A. antiquata was found at station 1 strata III (1.8 ind./m2) and the lowest density at the station 3 strata I (0.9 ind./m2). The higest growth rate of A. antiquata was the length 3 cm (0.064 ± 0.043 cm/ind./15 day) and the lowest growth rate was the length 5 cm (0.009± 0.011 cm/ind./15 day) with corellation similarity Y=0.087–0.0165X; r=0.976). Keywords: Anadara antiquata, Pelecypoda, conservation, cockl
PENGARUH KONSENTRASI MEDIUM EKSTRAK TAUGE (MET) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN Scenedesmus ISOLAT SUBANG
No full textThe effect of Tauge Extract Medium (TEM) concentration to the growth of Subang isolated Scenedesmus. Research on the effect of several concentration of Tauge Extract Medium (TEM) to Scenedesmus Meyen cell densities was conducted. The research was an experimental study with complete random design with 8 treatments, i.e. 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6% TEM, aqua bides, and Bold Basal Medium (BBM). The results showed that TEM concentration effected cell densities of Scenedesmus. At peak condition, the highest cell density (3.981.071 sel/mL) was occurred in 4% at the day of seven, and the lowest cell density (87.096 sel/mL) in aqua bides at the day of three. Kruskal-Wallis test showed that there were differences between the mean of cell densities on all treatment media. Multiple comparison test showed that mean of cell numbers of Scenedesmus differed among treatments (p value>0,05) between aqua bides with 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, and BBM. Keywords: Scenedesmus, cell densities, tauge extract medium, concentratio
THE SYNTHESES OF [BzMe3N]2[Mo4O10(OMe)6]
No full textIn an attempt to synthesize [BzMe3N]2Mo2O5(OMe)5 from the reaction of [BzMe3N]2MoO4 and MoO(OMe)4 in the ratio of 1:1 in methanol has produced [BzMe3N]2Mo4O10(OMe)6. The formation of [Mo4O10(OMe)6]2- anion suggests that ligand dissociation has occured in solution. Suitable crystals for X-ray chrystallographic were obtained from hot methanol and the crystal structure of [BzMe3N]2Mo4O10(OMe)6 has been solved and reported here in.Keywords : molybdenum oxoalkoxide, [BzMe3N]+ cation = [(C6H5CH2)N(CH3)3]+, ligand dissociation, X-raycrystallographic structure
NOTE ON THE OCCURRENCE OF PHYTOPLANKTON AND ITS RELATION WITH MASS MORTALITY IN THE JAKARTA BAY, MAY AND NOVEMBER 2004
No full textThere were noted two times (May and November 2004), fish mass mortality occurred in the coast of the Jakarta Bay, killing several species of small and big fishes, crustaceans, eels and molluscs. Phytoplankton blooms in the Jakarta Bay is accelerated by the high input of nutrients, which caused eutropication of the Bay water. Analysis of water sample showed in st 1 (Marina coast) showed that phytoplankton abundance was of 2.9 x 106 cells/l-1 , the common diatom species recorded at that time were: Skeletonema costatum, Thalassiosira mala, Bacteriastrum varians, Chaetoceros pseudocurvisetus, Nitzschia sigma, Coscinodiscus radiatus. Of the which: Skeletonema costatum 1.8 x106 cells/l-1 ; in st. 3 Binaria lake was the most a common diatoms species found in the Jakarta Bay. This species frequently bloom, especially after rainfall, causing no harm to marine life, the second diatoms Thalassiosira mala 2.8 x 106 cells/l-1 (st 4 Carnaval coast), during this decade in more often frequencies. The second largest group was represented by four dinoflagellates species: Prorocentrum micans, Protoperidinium sp., Ceratium furca and Gonyaulax sp., and one species dominated of dinoflagellate Prorocentrum micans 2.3 x 106 cells/l-1 (in the Dadap coast). P. micans is also common species of the Jakarta Bay. Hydrological conditions in May and November 2004 are, temperature 32 – 33 oC, pH 7.76 to 7. 92, Salinity 32 ‰, Dissolved oxygen 3.88 to 4.26 mg/l, Phosphate 0.10 – 0.40 µg-at-P l-1 , Nitrate 0.01 to 0.03 µg-at-N l-1 . The result suggests that phytoplankton distributes in wider areas than expected and monitoring of its occurrence in Indonesian waters is necessary to prevent harmful effects of such bloom. Keywords: The occurrence of phytoplankton, mass mortality, The Jakarta Ba
PENGARUH VARIASI INISIATOR DAN TEKNIK POLIMERISASI TERHADAP UKURAN PARTIKEL PADA KOPOLIMERISASI EMULSI STIRENA-BUTIL AKRILAT-METIL METAKRILAT
No full textInfluence of initiator types and emulsion polymerization techniques to particle size of copolymerization styrene-butyl acrylate-methyl methacrylate. Copoly(styrene/butyl acrylic/methyl methacrylic) was prepared by emulsion polymerization method. This paper describes effect of insiator types i.e. ammonium persulfate (APS), hydrogen peroxide, ters-butyl peroxide (TBHP), initiator redox (H2O2/ascorbic acid) and polymerization techniques i.e. batch and semicontinue to particle size distribution of copoly(styrene/butyl acrylic/methyl methacrylic). Initiator TBHP and H2O2 could not initiate copolymerization properly, but initiator APS and redox initiate copolymerization with batch and semi continue techniques could well perform. The higher concentration of APS, the greater particle size of the copolymer, but the copolymer is polymodal. Initiator redox (H2O2/ascorbic acid) produced greater particle size than initiator redox (ascorbic acid/ H2O2). Keywords: initiator, copolymerization, polymerization, emulsion polymerization, particle siz
ISOLASI BAKTERI SELULOLITIK DAN KARAKTERISASI ENZIMNYA
No full textIsolation of Cellulolytic Bacteria and Characterization of the Enzyme. Four of cellulolitic bacteria isolates had been characterized. The determination of cellulase activity was conducted at the highest production time, using crude enzymes with the modification of Miller methods (1959) on pure cellulose substrates such as CMC (Carboxymethyl cellulose), Avicel and Filter paper Whatman No. 1 as well as agriculture waste such as rice straw, corn cob and banana peel. Cellulase from C4-4, C5-1, C5-3 and C11-1 showed optimum activity at pH 5, 70°C, pH 3.5, 90°C, pH 5, 80°C and pH 8, 70°C, respectively. Avicel is a appropriate substrate for C4-4 cellulase whereas CMC for the other three. C11-1 cellulase has the highest cellulase enzyme activity on rice straw substrate whereas C4-4 cellulase on banana peel substrates. C5-1 and C5-3 cellulase have relatively low cellulase activities in degrading substrates of agriculture waste. However, isolates of C5-1 and C5-3 have high cellulase activities on banana peel substrates. Keywords: bacteria, cellulolitic, cellulase, agriculture wast
PENGARUH Mg TERHADAP KEKERASAN KOMPOSIT MATRIKS KERAMIK Al2O3/Al
No full textMagnesium Effect to the Hardness of Al2O3/Al Ceramic Matrix Composites. Composite is an alternative material which has satisfying properties and can be accommodated for certain applications. Ceramic Matrix Composites (CMCs) is one of the composite types that are very interesting in terms of high temperature applications material. In this paper, we investigate the effects of Mg addition on the hardness of Al2O3 Ceramic Matrix Composites which was produced by directed metal oxidation (Dimox) method. The CMCs material is made by placing Al ingot under mixture alumina and percentage of Mg 5, 8, 10, and 12% wt. The processing temperature was 1100°C for 24 hours followed by cooling to room temperature in the furnace. The results show that increasing of infiltration, the hardness increased to 1221 VHN maximum at 8% wt Mg and then decrease again as the increment amount of Mg. Keywords: dimox, Al infiltration, wettability, interfacial reactio
PREPARATION OF 2-AMINOETHYLSULFONIC ACID
No full textPreparation process of 2-aminoethylsulfonic acid (taurine) from ethanolamine, sulfuric acid and sodium sulfite has been studied. The process involves two steps of reactions, the first was esterification of ethanolamine (H2N-CH2-CH2-OH) with sulfuric acid to produce the intermediate product of 2-aminoethyl ester (H2N-CH2-CH2-OSO3H) which then was extended to the second step by sulfonation with sodium sulfite to produce 2-aminoethylsulfonic acid (H2N-CH2-CH2- SO3H). These two process conditions were observed by varying mole ratio of reactants, temperature and time period of reactions. Taurine product was qualitatively analyzed using 1H-NMR and LC-MS. Physical-chemical analysis were done by observing its melting point and determining its water, chloride and sulfate contents. Its melting point, water content, and sulfate content were 290oC, 0.303%, and 3 ppm, respectively, while its chloride content was undetected. After purification, the yield of process was 25.57%. Keywords: 2-aminoethylsulfonic acid, esterification, sulfonation, 1H-NMR, LC-M
STUDI KEMAMPUAN NIOSOM YANG MENGGUNAKAN MALTODEKSTRIN PATI GARUT (Maranta arundinaceae Linn.) SEBAGAI PEMBAWA KLORFENIRAMIN MALEAT
No full textStudy ofthe Capability of Niosomes that Used Maltodextrin from Garut Starch (Maranta arundinaceae Linn.) as a Chlorpheniramine Maleate Carrier. The aim of this research was to study the entrapment ability of ampiphylic drug, chlorpheniramine maleate (CTM), by niosome. Like liposomes, niosomes is an encapsulated drug carrier that hasimportant role in a drug release system. Niosomes and liposomes are unstable, but niosomes could be handled byproniosomes. Proniosomes in this research was prepared using the combination of maltodextrin DE 5-10 from arrowroot starch (Maranta arundinaceae Linn.), Span 60 and Cholesterol as non ionic surfactant in six formulas. The entrapment level of CTM depends on combination of surfactant in proniosomes, drug substance concentration and proniosomes quantity, temperature, and hydration times. Niosomes (10mM) that was prepared by proniosomes in formula 3 has been hydrated at 80 oC for 2 minutes using demineralized water could entrapped 94,04%, of 1 mM CTM. The proniosomes in formula 3 was increased up to 30 mM surfactant and 10 mM CTM in niosomes, could increase the entrapment of CTM.Keywords: Niosomes, non ionic surfactant, maltodextrin DE 5-10