Makara Journal of Science
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KANDUNGAN LOGAM BERAT Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn DAN Ni DALAM AIR LAUT DAN SEDIMEN DI MUARA SUNGAI MEMBRAMO, PAPUA DALAM KAITANNYA DENGAN KEPENTINGAN BUDIDAYA PERIKANAN
No full textHeavy Metals Content Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn And Ni In Sea Water And Sediment In Membramo Estuary And Its Relationship With Fishery Cultivation. Obervation on heavy metals Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn and Ni content in Jakarta Bay were carried out in August 2003. The results showed that the Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, and Ni content still in line with threshold value stated by for fisheries. By the all, in sea water Zn content is higher compared to the others, while in sediment Ni ishigher. This data showed the result show that on waters of Membramo River Zn and Ni waste than others elements.Keywords: Membramo, heavy metals, fisheries
PRODUKSI GAS HASIL BIODEGRADASI MINYAK BUMI: KAJIAN AWAL APLIKASINYA DALAM MICROBIAL ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY (MEOR)
No full textGas Production Generated from Crude Oil Biodegradation: Preliminary Study on its Aplication in Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery (MEOR). The objective of this study is to observe the capacity of gas production generated from crude oil degradation by the isolated bacteria. The gas in the MEOR could increase pressure in the reservoir, decrease oil viscosity, increase oil permeability-due to the increase of the porosity and viscosity, and also increase oil volume due to the amount of dissolved gas. A research on gas analysis of oil degradation by 6 isolated bacteria has been conducted. The bacteria isolates including Bacillus badius (A), Bacillus circulans (B), Bacillus coagulans (C), Bacillus firmus (D), Pasteurella avium (E) and Streptobacillus moniliformis (F). The trial on gas production, gas analysis and oil degradation analysis, was carried out by using SMSS medium. The test of gas production was done by using microrespirometer at 40°C. The result shows that B, C, D, E produce more gas than A and F. Gas of CO2, O2, CO, N2, CH4, and H2 were analyzed by using GC. The results show that only three gases were detected by GC i.e. CO2, N2, and O2. The concentration of CO2 and N2 gas increased while the concentration of O2 decreased over an 8th day of observation. CO2 gas producted by mix culture was higher than by the pure culture. On the 8th day of incubation, the production of CO2 gas by mix culture was 4,0452% while pure culture C and D only produced 2,4543% and 2,8729%. The mix culture increase simple hydrocarbon by 12.03% and the formation of a complex hydrocarbon by 3.07%. The mix culture (C-D) generated the highest concentration of CO2 gas as well as a synergistic concortium that has ability to degrade crude oil. Keywords: degradation, mix culture, gas, crude oil, MEOR, crude oil biodegradation  
EFFEK UPWELLING TERHADAP KELIMPAHAN DAN DISTRIBUSI FITOPLANKTON DI PERAIRAN LAUT BANDA DAN SEKITARNYA
No full textThe Effect of Upwelling on Distribution and Abundance of Phytoplankton in Indonesia. East Monsoon is monsoonwhere upwelling process happened in Banda Sea. Information about upwelling effect to the abundance and distributionof phytoplankton in Banda Sea is not known much.yet. That way has been done the investigation in August 1997 as viceof east monsoon and October 1998 as vice of transition monsoon as comparation.. The abundance and distribution data collected by taken phytoplankton sample in 100 m depth to surface by using plankton net with diameter 31 cm, 120 cmlength, and eyes net size 80 μm. The results in east monsoon (August 1997) where (upwelling) still done. This correlation seen from regresi value between temperature and salinity (r2 = 84,1 %), temperature and nitrate (94,5%) In east monsoon recorded 33 phytoplankton species, composition of phytoplankton is varied more compared to transition monsoon where found 26 phytoplankton species only. In east monsoon dominance phytoplankton is Chaetoceros sp. Further analysis by using multivariate analysis, nitrate factor affect to abundance, composition, and distribution of phytoplankton.Keywords: Chaetoceros sp., Banda Sea, multivariate analysis, upwellin
A SPACE-TIME SCAN STATISTIC TO DETECT CLUSTER ALARMS OF DENGUE MORTALITY IN INDONESIA, 2005
No full textThis article presents a space-time scan statistic, useful for evaluating space-time cluster alarms, and illustrates the method to investigate a recent dengue mortality alarm in Indonesia. Space-time scan statistics account for multiple testing inherent in a cluster alarm. The baseline process may be any inhomogeneous Poisson process with intensity proportional to some known function. Confounders in a particular time can be adjusted for. Three cluster alarms of dengue mortality in Indonesia in 2005 were statistically significant. Space-time scan statistics are useful as screening tools for evaluating which cluster alarms merit further investigation and which clusters are probably chance occurrences. Keywords: clusters, dengue mortality, space-time scan statistics, poisson proces
BEBERAPA CATATAN FAUNA EKHINODERMATA DARI PERAIRAN TAPAK TUAN, ACEH SELATAN NANGROE ACEH DARUSSALAM
No full textNotes On The Echinoderm Fauna Of The Tapak Tuan Bay Waters, Aceh Selatan The Nangroe Aceh Darussalam. A total of 21 species of echinoderms, belonging to of 5 species Holothuroidea, 5 species of Asteroidea, 4 species Echinoidea and 7 species Ophiuroidea have been found in the Tapak Tuan of Aceh Selatan. The Ophiuroidea were relatively dominant in the sea grass zone. On the basis of population density, Ophiuroidea was the dominant group and relatively highest in the individual density. In general, the number of species of echinoderm fauna is smaller than that in the Sekotong Lombok Barat bay waters. The species composition, community structure, zonation, and spatial distribution of echinoderm fauna are discussed in this paper.Keywords: Echinoderm, Tapak Tuan, Aceh Selata
SCREENING BAKTERI PENGHAMBAT UNTUK BAKTERI PENYEBAB PENYAKIT PADA BUDIDAYA IKAN KERAPU DARI PERAIRAN BANTEN DAN LAMPUNG
No full textScreening for Inhibitor Bakteri for Pathogenic Bacteria in Groupers Culture in Banten and Lampung Waters. A research about screening of inhibitor bacteria for pathogenic bacteria in grouper culture was done during 2005 in Marine Microbiology Laboratory, Research Center for Oceanography LIPI. Inhibition test was done using paper disc method for three isolates of pathogenic bacteria in his research, they were: Vibrio harveyii, 9.2/Luka/TSA and 8.2/Luka/TSA. The result shows that from 39 isolates of inhibitor bacteria from Banten and 27 isolates of inhibitor bacteria from Lampung only two isolates showed inhibition effect to the growth of three isolates of pathogenic bacteria. found inhibit the three strains of pathogenic bacteria mentioned above. The two isolates of inhibitor bacteria were 9L/AL- 4/KNG/BLC/BOKN/BJN and 5L/AL-4/KNG/BJN, which were isolated from Bojonegara, Banten. Keywords: cultured groupers, Banten, Lampung, inhibitor bacteria, pathogenic bacteria, paper dis
IDENTIFICATION OF SOME STRAINS OF DINOFLAGELLATES BASED ON MORPHOLOGY AND MOLECULAR ANALYSIS
No full textDinoflagellates are the important primary producers in aquatic environments. In oceans, they play interesting role in ecological functions such as red tide forming organisms, symbiont of coral reef or sea anemone and DSP (Diarrhetic Shellfish Poisoning) or PSP (Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning) producing organisms. Morphology and molecular analysis of dinoflagellates were conducted on November 2002 to March 2003. The phylogenetic studies based on 18S rDNA analyses, sequence have begun to appear more frequently in the literature, as attention has turned to relationships within the major eukaryotic lineages, particular importance for the taxonomy of the armored and unarmored genera of dinoflagellates (Gyrodinium sp., Cachonina sp., Gymnodinium sp., Amphidinium sp.), because many of the genera cause extensive plankton blooms, fish kills and other harmful events, were studied used to amplify 18S rDNA, present in the total DNA extracted from algal pellet. The amplify approximately 1400 bp of the nuclear-encoded LSU rDNA gene using terminal primeirs DIR, products were cheked by 1.0 % agarose gel electrophoresis, then cloning with TA cloning KIT. Sequencing were analyzed by the GENETIX Mac Software, Homology search by Blast and Phylogenetic analysis. Results of hylogenetic analysis of 18S rDNA are: Strain no. 10893 (un identified) from the genera, it is belonging Gymnodinium or Polarella. Strain no. 10795 is closely related other species Cachonina hallii. We tentatively named strain no 11151 and 11160 similar to Gyrodinium or Gymnodinium based on morphology, but these strain indepently position in this tree and is not a real of Gymnodinium sensu stricto. It is possible, we can establish the new genera for strain no. 11151; 11160 because this not cluster any other unarmored species. Keywords: Morphology, molecular analysis, dinoflagellate
SENYAWA TRITERPENOID DARI EKSTRAK N-HEKSANA KULIT BATANG GARCINIAPICORRHIZA MIQ.
No full textTriterpenoids from n-hexane extract of Garcinia picrorrhiza Miq. stem bark. Chromatographic separation of n-hexane extract of dried Garcinia picrorrhiza Miq. stem bark (Cluciaceae) furnished two triterpenoids, identified as 3oxo-7,24-euphadien-26oic acid (1), 3β-hydroxy-7,24-euphadien-26 oic acid (2). The structure of compounds were determined by using UV-vis, FT-IR, 1D and 2D NMR techniques.Keywords: Cluciaceae, G. picrorrhiza, triterpe
PERBANDINGAN PROFIL DISTRIBUSI VERTIKAL 137Cs DI LAPISAN TANAH HASIL PENGUKURAN TERHADAP SIMULASI
No full textComparison Of 137Cs Vertical Distribution Profile At Soil Layer Obtained By Measurement And Simulation. This investigation aimed to compare a profile of 137Cs vertical distribution at soil layer in the stable site (undisturbed site). Conservation forest that has been becoming as conservation area since 1925 namely Gn. Pangrango was selected as study site. Sampling of soil was done in Pancawati – Ciawi. Sampling was done by using scrapper ( 20 x 50) cm, with layer increment of 2 cm until the depth of 24 cm (107 kg/m2) or 26 cm (137 kg/m2), and sampling was done at 5 points. Soil samples were brought to the laboratory for preparation and analysis of 137Cs content by using MCA at 662 keV energy. The result showed that the comparison of 137Cs vertical distribution profile between measurement and simulation has a significant differences. Keywords: erosion, sedimentation, environmental isotope, 137C
PENGEMBANGAN SISTEM PENCIUMAN ELEKTRONIK DENGAN 16 BUAH SENSOR KUARSA DAN ALGORITMA NEURAL PROPAGASI BALIK UNTUK PENGENALAN AROMA CAMPURAN
No full textAn artificial odor recognition system is developed for discriminating odors. This artificial system consisted of 16quartz resonator crystals as the sensor array, a frequency modulator and a frequency counter for each sensor that areconnected directly to a microcomputer. We have already shown that the artificial odor recognition system with 4 sensors is high enough to discriminate simple odor correctly, however, when it was used to discriminate compound odors, the recognition capability of this system is dropped significantly to be about 40%. Results of experiments show that the developed artificial system with 16 sensors could discriminate compound aroma based on 6 gradient of alcohol concentrations with high recognition rate of 89.9% for non batch processing system, and 82.4% for batch processing of the classes of odors.Keywords : aromatic sensor, artificial neural network, artificial odor recognition syste