Makara Journal of Science
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TOMOGRAPHY S VELOCITY STRUCTURE BETWEEN WASHINGTON’S EARTHQUAKE C022801L AND OBSERVATIONAL STATION TUC THROUGH SEISMOGRAM ANALYSIS
No full textIn this research the S speed structure is investigated by seismogram analysis of Washington's earthquake, C022801L using data of TUC station, Tucson, Arizona, U.S.A. The seismogram comparison between the observed and the synthetic seismogram is conducted in time domain and three components simultaneously. The initially input for the calculation of synthetic seismogram is earth model of PREMAN and CMT solution from the earthquake. A low-pass Butterworth filter with corner frequency of 20 mHz is convolved to observed and synthetic seismogram. Waveform comparison shows a real deviation when travel time and waveform of some wave phase are compared, namely on S wave, surface wave of Love and Rayleigh and wave ScS and ScS-2. This research shows, how sensitive the waveform is to the earth model, better than the method of travel time or the dispersion analysis. Research hereinafter is addressed to finish the found discrepancies at S wave, surface wave of Love and Rayleigh and ScS and ScS-2 wave, in observation station TUC. To obtain the seismogram fitting, correction for S speed structure in earth model is needed, that are changes of earth crust thickness, the speed model of β in upper mantle covering the speed gradient of βh and value of zeroeth order coefficient for the βh and βv, for accomplishing the discrepancies at surface wave of Love and Rayleigh. Further correction on S speed is conducted to accomplish the deviation at S wave at earth layering systems from Upper Mantle up to a 630 km depth. Mean while for the ScS and ScS-2 wave phase the correction is carried out on S speed in the earth layers up to CMB. Fitting Seismogram is obtained at waveform of various wave phases that is S wave, surface wave of Love and Rayleigh and ScS, ScS-2 wave, either on travel time or especially also at oscillation number in Love wave. This result indicates that the anisotropy is occurred not only in upper mantle but till deeper earth layers, till CMB. Keywords: Waveform, S speed in Upper Mantle--CMB, Moho Dept
REACTIONS OF CISPLATIN HYDROLYTES WITH THIOLS. 3: REACTIONS OF cis-[Pt(15NH3)2(H2O)2]2+ WITH GLUTATHIONE
No full textThe reaction of cis-[Pt(15NH3)2(H2O)2]2+ (3) with glutathione (GSH) was investigated in aqueous solution. In this reaction, the ammine in the platinum complex formed was liberated. Surprisingly two chelate rings were observed, six-membered-S,O-chelate ring complex cis-[Pt(15NH3)2(SG-S,O) (7) and five-membered-S,N-chelate ring complex cis-[Pt(15NH3)2(SG-S,N)] (8). The bis (thiolate) platinum(II) complex, cis-[Pt(15NH3)2(SG)2] (9) was always present in this reaction in any mole ratio used. The dinuclear sulphur-bridged complex (10), giving a broad peak in 15N NMR, was only present in very tiny amounts. Keywords: 15N NMR, glutathione, cisplatin hydrolyte
PEMANFAATAN HERBA SELEDRI (Apium graveolens L.) UNTUK MENURUNKAN KOLESTEROL DAN LIPID DALAM DARAH TIKUS PUTIH YANG DIBERI DIIT TINGGI KOLESTEROL DAN LEMAK
No full textIt has been known that celery herbs (Apium graveolens L) contain unsaturated fatty acid, so it could be used ashypocholesterolemia and hypolipidemia agents. A study about the effect of celery herbs juice to cholesterole and lipidblood concentration high feeding cholesterol and lipid diet white rat, has been carried out. In this observation, 30 (thirty) male white rats with 150 to 200 g of weight and 4 months of age were used and divided into five groups randomly. The first group was as a normal control, the second group was given high cholesterol and lipid diet 2,5 g/200 g bow (body weight)/day as a treatment control. For the third, the fourth and the fifth groups, each of them was givenwith high cholesterol and lipid diet in the same quantity with the second group and get celery herb juice with 0,14 g/200 g bow/day; 0,72 g/200 g bow/day; 3,6 g/200 g bow/day dosage. After six weeks of treatment, the rats were surgeried, the blood was taken out from the heart and then total cholesterol and total lipid concentration were measured. The results showed that all of dosages of celery herb juice has lowering cholesterol and lipid effects, but did not decrease the total cholesterol and total lipid concentration significantly.Keywords: Celery herb, cholesterole, lipi
PRODUKSI BETA-1,3 GLUKAN DARI Agrobacterium DAN AKTIVITAS PENYEMBUHAN LUKA TERBUKA PADA TIKUS PUTIH
No full textProduction of beta-1,3 glucan from Agrobacterium and its wound healing activity on white rat. The objective of this study was to determine the activity of beta-1,3 glucan product extracted from local Agrobacterium sp Bro 1.2.1, both wild-type and mutant-type, on opened-wound healing process. Beta-1,3 glucan product was extracted by precipitation, and the purification was carried out by column chromatography as KCl gradient fractions. In this study, white Sprague Dawley rats were employed, and have been treated for opened-wound condition. Seven groups were performed in this experiment, i.e. the negative control, the positive control employing povidone iodine, the two groups of two commercial beta-1,3 glucan with 0,02 mg/4 cm2 each, and the last three groups of beta-1,3 glucan as the test group with 0,02 mg/4 cm2, 0,10 mg/4 cm2 and 0,50 mg/4 cm2, respectively. The result showed significant differences of wound-healing activity performing statistical analysis of the least significance between the negative control, the positive control, as well as the highest dose of the test group of beta-1,3 glucan, at the dose of 0,5 mg/4 cm2 (p<0.05). Keywords: Agrobacterium sp Bro1.2.1, Beta-1,3 glucan, wound healin
PENGEMBANGAN SISTEM PENENTU SUDUT PANDANG WAJAH 3-D DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN PERHITUNGAN JARAK TERPENDEK PADA GARIS CIRI DALAM RUANG EIGEN
No full textIn this paper, we implemented a visual point estimation system using the nearest feature line method that is developedon human face’s eigenspace representation. This methodology is developed as a subsistim in a 3-D face recognition system using a neural networks, in order to develop a high accuracy Automatic Face Recognition (AFR) system with low computational cost. Several images of Indonesian human faces with various visual points and expressions are used as the input to the developed visual points estimation system, and another images, with their visual points is not used in the generating the feature lines, then used as the testing images. Results of experiments show that the visual points estimation system could determined the pose of the unknown position of 3-D face with its highest accuracy is about 90%.Keywords: 3D face recognition system, nearest feature line method, eigenspace representation, principal componentanalysi
PENYISIPAN TANDA AIR PADA CITRA DIJITAL BERBASIS DEKOMPOSISI NILAI SINGULIR (DNS)
No full textImperceptible of Watermarking in Digital Image Based Singular Value Decomposition. Watermarking is a commonly used technique to protect digital image from unintended used such as counterfeiting. This paper will address one of the techniques to embed a watermark to digital image which is based on the singular value decomposition. The primary target to be achieved by a good watermarking technique is that the watermarked image is imperceptible and that the inserted image can still be perfectly retrieved even though various transformations are done to the watermarked image. Our works show that the SVD-based watermarking demonstrates both imperceptibility as well as robustness of the watermarking scheme as indicated by significantly high value of correlation between the inserted and retrieved logo after some transformation such as PSNR, RML and Compression. Keywords: watermarking, singular value, digital image, imperceptibility, robustne
PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN URASIL DALAM MEDIA FERMENTASI TERHADAP HASIL β-GLUKAN DARI DUA GALUR AGROBACTERIUM
No full textInfluence of Uracil in Fermentation Media on β-Glucan Production by Agrobacterium Radiobacter A 1.5 and Agrobacterium sp. Bro 1.2.1. Optimum β-glucan production can be achieved by an optimum condition in the fermentation media. Uracil, as a precursor of UDP-glucose, may act as a glucose donor in the formation of polysaccharides such as β-glucan. It is expected that addition of certain quantity of uracil into the fermentation media in a suitable growth phase of Agrobacterium radiobacter A 1.5 and Agrobacterium sp. Bro 1.2.1, will significantly increase the β-glucan production. In this investigation, 0.025%; 0.05% or 0.1% of uracil were added into the fermentation media during the logarithmic phase (24 hour) or stationary phase (46 hour) of growth. The β-glucan product was evaluated from the β-glucan (crude) dry-weight and from the β-glucan content. Beta-glucan content was determined as glucose by the Hisamatsu-AOAC and HPLC methods. The highest β-glucan (crude) dry-weight produced by the A. 1.5 was in a medium containg 0.025% uracil (24 hour), whilst by the A. Bro 1.2.1 was in a medium containg 0.1% uracil (46 hour), both higher than control. The highest β-glucan content produced by the A. 1.5 (27.03%) was in a medium containg 0.025% uracil (46 hour), while control produced only 23.28%. The highest β-glucan content produced by the Bro 1.2.1 (29.34%) was in a medium containg 0.025% uracil (24 hour), while control produced only 28.75%. Two-way anova analysis showed that there were no significant influence difference (α = 0,05) from various concentration of uracil in either growth phases, to the yield of β-glucan (crude) dry-weight nor to the β-glucan equivalent glucose content. Keywords: Agrobacterium radiobacter A 1.5, Agrobacterium sp. Bro 1.2.1 mutant, β-glucan, Uraci
SKRINING GEN GLUKOSILTRANSFERASE (GTF) DARI BAKTERI ASAM LAKTAT PENGHASIL EKSOPOLISAKARIDA
No full textScreening for glucosyltransferase gene (gtf) from exopolysaccahride producing lactic acid bacteria. Glucosyltransferase (GTF) is an enzyme involved in exopolysaccharide (EPS) polymer synthesis in microbes. One example of EPS that has been used in pharmaceutical and medical application is dextran. Dextran has been used in conjugated-drug delivery system as matrix. As a group of microbes producing EPS, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have been well reported carrying sucrase genes glucosyltransferase (gtf), as well as fructosyltransferases (ftf). In an attempt to search for novel gtf genes as the aim of this study, LAB collection isolated from local sources yielded from previous study were screened performing PCR using degenerate primers DegFor and DegRev. An approximately 660 base pairs (bp) amplicons were obtained by using genomic DNAs of those LAB isolates as templates with conserved region of gtf genes catalytic domain as target. Two out of 20 LAB strains were yielded no amplicon as observed on agarose gel, while one strain exhibited non-specific amplicon DNA bands with sizes other than 660 bp. The two negative ones were isolated from soil obtained from dairy product waste field and from waste of soy sauce from previous study, while the latter was isolated from waste of soy sauce. Keywords: glucosyltransferase, gtf, exopolysaccharide, lactic acid bacteria, degenerate primer
ISOLASI DAN IDENTIFIKASI FLAVONOID PADA DAUN KATU (Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr)
No full textIsolation and Identification of Flavonoid in Katu Leaf (Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr. Flavonoids in 95% ethanol extract of katu leaf were isolated using Charaux-Paris method. Extract of 95 % ethanol was fractionated with chloroform, ethyl acetate and three times with n-butanol. Flavonoids to be isolated from n-butanol I fraction by chromatography paper preparative method, and identified by spectrophotometer UV (Ultra-Violet) and infrared. Sixflavonoids were isolated, one of flavonoids identified as rutin, and the other five were flavonol OH-3 conjugated or flavon groups.Keywords: Katu leaf, Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr, Euphorbiaceae, Flavonoids
PENGARUH TEKNIK POLIMERISASI EMULSI TERHADAP UKURAN PARTIKEL KOPOLI(STIRENA/BUTIL AKRILAT/METIL METAKRILAT)
No full textInfluence of Emulsion Polymerization Techniques to Particle Size of Copoly(styrene/butyl acrylate/methyl methacrylate). In the majority of applications, particle size and particle size distribution are highly significant factors that determine the properties of a polymer dispersion, such as its flow behavior or its stability. For example, a coating material with small particle size will give smooth coating result, good adhesive strength, good water resistance and latex stability. This article describes influence of various emulsion polymerization techniques to particle size of copoly(styrene/butyl acrylate/methyl methacrylate) with mix surfactant SDBS linear chain and nonyl fenol (EO10) and initiator ammonium persulphate. DSC data, solid content and IR spectrum showed that copoly(styrene/butyl acrylate/methyl methacrylate) was produced. Batch emulsion polymerization technique gave the highest particle size i.e. 615 nm and also the highest % conversion of monomer i.e. 97%. The more concentration of monomer was seeded to initial charge gave greater particle size and greater poly dispersity index. Keywords: copolymerization, emulsion polymerization, particle size, polymerization, surfactan