Makara Journal of Science
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EKSPRESI RELATIF mRNA HIF-1α PADA JANTUNG, OTAK DAN DARAH TIKUS SELAMA INDUKSI HIPOKSIA SISTEMIK
No full textRelative Expression of HIF-1α mRNA in Rat Heart, Brain and Blood During Induced Systemic Hypoxia. Hypoxia is a pathological condition in which the body as a whole or region of the body (tissue or cell) deprived of adequate oxygen supply. The transcriptional regulator hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is an essential mediator of O2 homeostasis. Unlike the β sub unit (HIF-1β), the activity of HIF-1α is controlled in an oxygen-dependent manner. It has been reported that the stability and expression of HIF-1α during hypoxia is remarkably higher than those under normoxic conditions.The aim of this study was to analyze the adaptive tissue responses during induced systemic hypoxia by comparation of relative expression of mRNA HIF-1α in rat heart, brain and blood. Twenty-five male Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to systemic hypoxia by placing them in the hypoxic chamber supplied by 8-10% of O2 for 0, 1, 7, 14 and 21 days, respectively. The relative expression level of HIF-1α mRNA in brain, heart and leucocyte cells were analyzed using quantitative RT-PCR assay (Real Time PCR) based on Pfaff’s formula. This study demonstrates that the increased of relative expression of HIF-1α mRNA during induced systemic hypoxia reached its maximum level at day 7 (in heart) or at day 14 (in brain), whereas in leucocyte cells the stimulation of HIF-1α expression was intensively maintained up to 21 days although the expression has reached the remarkably high level. We could conclude that HIF-1α as an oxygen sensing during systemic hypoxia has different capacity and sensitivity in brain, heart and blood tissues, due to the importance of oxygen homeostasis in each tissue. Keywords: induced systemic hypoxia, quantitative RT-PCR, relative expression of HIF-1 α mRN
PENGAMATAN KADAR MERKURI DI PERAIRAN TELUK KAO (HALMAHERA) DAN PERAIRAN ANGGAI (PULAU OBI) MALUKU UTARA
No full textObservation on Mercury Concentration in Kao Bay (Halmahera) and Anggai Waters (Obi Island), North of Maluku. Observation on merkuri concentration in territorial waters of Kao Bay and Anggai have been done in January 2005. The result showed that mercury concentration in seawater and sediment in territorial waters of Kao Bay and Anggai waters still lower and still in line with peaceful threshold value for waters biota life. This data indicate that waste of mercury coming from activity of gold mining by PT Nusa Halmahera Raya (NHR) and illegal gold mining by society not yet polluted both of that waters. Keywords: Anggai, Kao, Mercur
EFFECTS OF PROTEIN-ENERGY MALNUTRITION ON THE IMMUNE SYSTEM
No full textProtein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM) is believed to lead to an increased susceptibility to infection, or cause impaired immunity. Infection, occurring with malnutrition, is a major cause of morbidity in all age groups and is responsible fortwo-thirds of all death under 5 yr of age in developing countries. Many cells of the immune system are known to depend for their function on metabolic pathways that employ various nutrients as critical factors. The most consistent changes in immune competence in PEM are in cell-mediated immunity, the bactericidal function of neutrophils, the complement system, the secretory immunoglobin A, and antibody response.Keywords: protein-energy malnutrition, immune system, cell mediated immunity, amino acid deficiency, antibodyresponsesIntroductio
PENENTUAN LD50 DAUN CINCO (Cyclea barbata Miers.) PADA MENCIT
No full textLD50 of Cinco (Cyclea barbata Miers.) Leaf on Mice. The acute toxicity of ethanol extract of Cyclea barbata Miers. (Cb) leaves has been carried out on mice. The extract was administered by oral route in 4 different doses, i.e. 300 mg/kg BW, 1500 mg/kg BW, 3000 mg/kg BW, 30000 mg/kg BW. The toxic effect of the extract were evaluated by observation of behaviour, spinal reflexes, central nervous system, urination, and defecation, and also number of dead animal. The observation period lasted for 14 days. The results showed that up to 30000 mg/kg BW, the test material did not cause any significant toxic effects. The LD50 of the cyclea barbata Miers. leaves on mice was found to be more than 30000 mg/kg BW. Keywords: acute toxicity, anti aggregating platelet, anti thrombotic, Cyclea barbata Miers., LD5
DISTRIBUSI LOGAM BERAT DALAM AIR DAN SEDIMEN DI PERAIRAN MUARA SUNGAI CISADANE
No full textHeavy Metallic Element Distribution in Cisadane River Estuary’s Water and Sediment. Observation of heavy metallic elements in Cisadane River Estuary has been done in July and November 2005. The results show that heavy metallic elements content in seawater is lower and still below the treshold value stated by government for fisheries. There was an indication of heavy metallic elements on sediment. Distribution of Pb on July and of Cu on November 2005 were found higher near the coast and decrease towards the sea, and commonly were found in front of estuary such as Cisadane, Muara Saban and Tanjung Pasir. High Pb and Zn distributions on November 2005 were found only in front of Cisadane estuary. Cd distribution of Cisadane estuary was constant at all station but did not show any correlation with the distance of station and estuary. The Cd content on July and November 2005 is lower than 0,001 ppm. Generally, heavy metallic elements content have a uniform distribution at all stations inspite of its distance to estuary. Keywords: heavy metallic element, pollution, sediment, seawater, Cisadane estuary  
KONSENTRASI KLOROFIL-a DI PERAIRAN KALIMANTAN TIMUR
No full textVertical distribution of bacteria population in relation to chlorophyll-a in East Kalimantan waters. Study on distribution of bacteria population and its relation to concentration of chlorophyll-a has been conducted in August – September 1999 in East Kalimantan waters. The purpose of the study was to observe the correlation between opulation of bacteria and concentration of chlorophyll-a in water column. Acridine Orange Epifluorescence Microscopy method was used to analyze bacteria population, while fluorometric method was used to determine chlorophyll-a concentration. The result of the study showed that bacteria population was positively correlated to chlorophyll-a concentration, area with high bacteria population has high concentration of chlorophyll-a. The high bacteria population was found in the water columnh of the 25 m deep,as well as for chlorophyll-a concentration, ranged between (4 and 90) x 106 cell per ml and (0.2 and 1.14) mg per m3 respectively. It was concluded that vertical distribution of bacteria population was closely correlated to the concentration of chlorophyll-a Keywords: East Kalimantan Waters, Bacteria cells, Chlorophyll-a  
TERMITE SPECIES RICHNESS ON THE CAMPUS OF UNIVERSITAS INDONESIA, DEPOK
No full textTermites are a group of invertebrates abundant in forested habitats. In this study, we conduct an inventory and spatialanalysis of the termite fauna of the UI campus. The survey records the presence of six termite species (Coptotermes curvignathus, Schedorhinotermes javanicus, Macrotermes gilvus, Microtermes insperatus, Odontotermes grandiceps, and Odontotermes javanicus), most of which had been reported by previous studies. The spatial analysis of termite nest distribution suggests a random scattering of termite nests in the UI campus.Keywords : faunal inventory, termites, spatial distribution, UI campu
SELEKSI DAN PENGUJIAN AKTIVITAS ENZIM L-HISTIDINE DECARBOXYLASE DARI BAKTERI PEMBENTUK HISTAMIN
No full textSelection and test of L-histidine decarboxylase enzyme activity of six isolates of histamine forming bacteria. Six isolates of histamine forming bacteria were screened to see the degree of ability in producing histamine on modified Niven’s medium. The result showed that the six bacteria were able to produce histamine by giving a pinkish color on the medium, which could be used as a preliminary identification of histamine-forming bacteria (HFB). The isolates were grown in liquid modified Niven medium to measure the production of histamine. The histamine produced were determined by Hardy and Smith method. The result showed that all of the isolates produced high level of histamine (92.35 – 305.49 mg/100 ml of the medium). From all of them, Enterobacter spp. produced the highest level of histamine (305.49 mg/100 ml). A synthetic medium was used to measure the growth pattern and optimum time required by Enterobacter spp and Morganella morganii (as control bacteria) to produce the L-histidine decarboxylase enzyme (HDC) which is responsible for histamine production. The result showed that for both bacteria, the optimum enzim production was 8 hours after incubation. Keywords: histamine forming bacteria, L-histidine decarboxylase, Niven’s modified mediu
PENGARUH ANIL TERMAL TERHADAP BESARAN OPTIS LAPISAN TIPIS a-SiC:H HASIL METODE DC SPUTTERING II. TARGET GRAFIT
No full textThe Effect of Thermal Annealing on the Optical Properties of a-SiC:H Films Produced by DC Sputtering Methods: I. Graphite Target Case. A study of the annealing effect on optical properties and disorder of hydrogenated amorphous silicon carbon (a-SiC:H) films was undertaken. The films were prepared by sputtering technique using graphite target and silicon wafer in argon and hydrogen gas mixture, and then characterized by uv-vis (ultra violet-visible) spectroscopy before and after annealing. Index of refraction n and absorption coefficient α of films have been determined from measurements of transmittance. The optical gap show small variation with annealing temperature, increasing with increasing annealing temperature up to 500 °C. An increase of annealing temperature leads to reduced film density and the amorphous network disorder. The experimental results are discussed in terms of deposition condition and compared to other experimental results.Keywords: optical constants, amorphous silicon carbon, sputtering, thermal annealing, hydrogen, voi
KEANEKARAGAMAN JENIS EKHINODERMATA DI PERAIRAN TELUK KUTA, NUSA TENGGARA BARAT
No full textBiodiversity of Echinoderms at Kuta Bay, West Nusa Tenggara. Observation on echinoderms diversity was carried out at coastal waters of Kuta bay in the Nusa Tenggara Barat, Nopember 2005. A total of 21 species of echinoderms, consist of 4 species Holothuroidea, 7 species Echinoidea, 5 species Asteroidea and 5 species Ophiuroidea have been found in the Kuta of Nusa Tenggara Barat. The Echinoidea were relatively common in the sea gras zone. On the basis of population density, Echinoidea was the dominant group and relatively highest in the individual density. In general the number of species of echinoderm fauna is smaller than in the Sekotong Lombok Barat Bay. Keywords: biodiversity, echinoderm, Kuta Bay, West Nusa Tenggar