Makara Journal of Science
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Dietary Food Fortified with Orotic Acid and Liver Function
No full textThe effects of dietary food fortified with orotic acid (1.0%) on liver function were studied in rats. The rats fed with orotic acid promoted liver triglyceride content markedly, that was 5-fold higher than that of the control. The liver malondialdehyde (MDA) content increased by 10%, but the gluthation peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity decreased by 50%. The serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities increased by 25% and 30%, respectively. Therefore, the decreased GSH-Px activity was associated with the promotions of AST, ALT, and the liver MDA levels. In conclusion: dietary orotic acid promotes lipid peroxidation but reduces the rate of the antioxidant enzyme. Therefore, dietary food fortified with orotic acid attenuates the liver function. 
PMN Leukocytes and Fibroblasts Numbers on Wound Burn Healing on the Skin of White Rat after Administration of Ambonese Plantain Banana
No full textA study of ambonese plantain banana (Musa paradisiaca var sapientum Lamb) treatment in burn wound healing on the skin of white rats (Rattus novergicus) has been conducted. The wound healing of burn injuries was evaluated by counting the number of PMN leukocytes and fibroblasts at the 7th, 14th, and 21st days following the treatment. The study showed that the decrease in number of PMN leukocytes of subjects treated with ambonese plantain banana was relatively more significant compared to both negative and positive control (Bioplacenton ®). In contrast, an increasing number of fibroblasts was significantly demonstrated at the 14th and 21st days after treatment. In conclusion, ambonese plantain banana treatment in burn injuries will provide better results compared to both positive and negative controls. Keywords: burn wound healing, fibroblasts, Musa paradisiaca var sapientum Lamb, PMN leukocytes  
The Influence of Cadmium Heavy Metal on Vitamins in Aquatic Vegetables
No full textThe absorption of cadmium heavy metal in 3 (three) kinds of aquatic vegetables; water lettuce (Linnocharis flava), water convolvulus (Ipomoea aquatic Forsk) and watercress (Nasturtium officinale R. Br) is studied to determine the influence of the contents of vitamins A and C. The purpose of this research is to identify the accumulation of cadmium in the organs of the aquatic vegetables, and their influence to the contents of vitamins A and C. This research is conducted by employing the factorial experimental design of randomized block design (RBD) with 3 (three) factors. The data are analyzed by regression to detect the correlation and contribution of cadmium influence on the aquatic vegetables. The accumulation in the 3 (three) aquatic vegetables mainly occurs in the stems and leaves. The longer the harvest time is, the higher the accumulation will be. Water lettuce has the highest accumulation of cadmium, followed by water convolvulus and watercress has the least. Cadmium is responsible for the declining levels of vitamins A and C. Keywords: accumulation, aquatic vegetables, cadmium, heavy metal, vitami
Antihypertensive Effect of Brucea javanica (L.) (Merr.) Fruit Extract
No full textEthnopharmacologically, the fruit of Brucea javanica (L.) Merr. is acknowledged in the Indonesian community to lower blood pressure. To prove such a claim, this paper assessed the antihypertensive effect of B. javanica fruit extract using adrenaline-induced hypertensive Sprague Dawley rats. Hypertensive rats were divided into 4 groups: group A was given B. javanica water fraction and adrenaline, group B was given B. javanica hexane fraction and adrenaline, group C was given bisoprolol and adrenaline and group D was given adrenaline solely. Systolic blood pressure was regularly measured using the tail-cuff method. Treatment of adrenaline-induced hypertensive rats independently given B. javanica water fraction, the hexane fraction, and the bisoprolol group proved to significantly reduce blood pressure by 72.75 mmHg (-34%), 58.5 mmHg (-28%) and 23.25 mmHg (-12%) respectively, while there was an increase of 15.00 mmHg (+9%) SBP in the negative control group given solely adrenaline. The water fraction contains flavonoid and alkaloid. The hexane fraction of this fruit contains alkaloid. Our study suggests that the flavanoid and alkaloid content in B. javanica fruit, work synergistically to alleviate hypertension, possibly through β1-adrenergic receptor-related mechanism.Keywords: adrenaline, antihypertensive, β1-adrenergic, Brucea javanica, hypertensio
Phytochemical Composition of Selaginella spp from Java Island Indonesia
No full textFor a long time, people in West Java, Indonesia have used Selaginella as a traditional cure for several ailments including fever, minor wounds, broken bones, women’s health disorders or postnatal bleeding. However, information on the active compounds of the plant from Java Island has not been fully expounded. The objective of the research was to reveal the diversity of bioactive compounds and amentoflavone content of Selaginella from Java Island in order to optimize the use of this plant as a medicinal plant. Selaginella plants collected from 29 locations in Java were extracted and subjected to colorimetric and thin layer chromatography test to qualitatively analyze the bioactive compounds of alkaloid, phenol, and steroid. In addition, high performance liquid chromatography was performed to analyze the amentofalvone content of Selaginella extract. The research result showed that all the examined Selaginella species contained alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, tannin, and steroid, but they did not contain hydroquinone. Seven of them contained the biflavonoid type of amentoflavone. The highest amentoflavone concentration, 6.87 ppm, was found in S. Subalpina that originated from Gedung Songo, Central Java. Those results indicated that more than one Selaginella species originating from Java Island had marked potential for use as medicinal plants.Keywords: amentoflavone, biflavonoid, diversity, Selaginell
Sintering Temperature and Deposition Orientation Effects on Mechanical, Physical Properties and Geometric Distortion of Cu–Ni Single and Multi Material Indirect Sintering Products
No full textDevelopment of multi material mechanical parts is constantly undertaken to increase functional aspectsas well as life cycle. One example is the use of bimaterial which is widely used as a temperature contactor. This paper presents mechanical, physical properties and geometric distortion of Cu-Ni indirect sintering products used to develop Cu-Ni bimaterial products. The experiment was executed with the following method: firstly, Cu and/or Ni powders were deposited into cast iron powder as the supporting powder. Secondly, it was heated in a furnace with varying temperatures of 870 °C, 900 °C and 930 °C with a holding time of four hours. Lastly, deposition orientation was varied to observe the effect on the occurence of shrinkage. To initiate the multi materials sintering process, single material sintering was performed to observe the physical and mechanical properties. Based on previous work, multi material sintering of Cu and Ni powders was conducted. The experiment results show that the geometric distortion of the sintering products was influenced by deposition orientation. The Cu and Ni products shrinkage were 49% and 35.33%, respectively. Although the melting temperature of Cu and Ni is close, the binding mechanism of the sintered product did not occur. The significant difference of shrinkage levels was the main factor for the binding mechanism failure between Cu and Ni materialsKeywords: Cu, indirect sintering, multi materials, N
IDEAL MAKSIMAL DAN PRIMA DARI GELANGGANG POLINOM MIRING ATAS DAERAH BILANGAN BULAT GAUSS
No full textMaximal and Prime Ideals of Skew Polynomial Ring Over the Gauss Integers Domain. Let R be any ring with identity 1, σ be an automorphism of R and δ be a left σ-derivation. The skew polynomial ring over R in an indeterminate x is the set of polynomials anxn + an-1xn-1 + . . . + a0 where ai∈ R with multiplication rule xa = σ (a) x + δ(a) for all ai∈ R. In this paper, R is Gauss integers, i.e Z + Zi, where i2 = -1, σ is the automorphism of R with σ(a + bi) = a - bi where a,b∈ Z, the ring of integers, and δ is the zero σ-derivation. We will show maximal and prime ideals of this skew polynomial ring
BOX MODEL AIR TAWAR, SALINITAS DAN ZAT HARA DI DELTA MAHAKAM KALIMANTAN TIMUR
No full textBox Model of Freshwater, Salinity and Nutrient in the Delta Mahakam East Kalimantan. Research has been conducted in the southern part of the Mahakam Delta, East Kalimantan. Method of measuring temperature, salinity, light transmission and turbidity by using CTD model 603 SBE and current measurement and bathymetry by using ADCP model RDI. Measurement parameters on the nutrient chemistry are based of water samples taken using Nansen bottles from two depths. The purpose of this study to determine the mechanism of freshwater, salinity and nutrient transport from the land of the Mahakam River which interact with seawater by using box models. The results illustrate that the vertical distribution of salinity in the Mahakam Delta has obtained a high stratification, where the freshwater salinity 12.30 psu at the surface of a river flowing toward the sea, and seawater of high salinity 30.07 psu flowing in the direction river under the surface that are separated by a layer of mixture. Freshwater budget of the sea (VSurf) obtained for 0,0306 x 109 m3 day-1, and the sea water salinity budget is going into the bottom layer system (VDeep.SOcn-d) obtained for 20,727 x 109 psu day-1. While time dilution (τSyst) obtained for 0.245 day-1 or 5.87 hours. Nutrient budget in the surface layer obtained by the system is autotrophic while in layers near the bottom tend to be heterotrophic.Keywords: box model, freshwater, Mahakam Delta, nutrient, salinit
THE USE OF THE RIETVELD METHOD TO STUDY THE PHASE COMPOSITION OF CORDIERITE (Mg2Al4Si5O18) CERAMICS PREPARED FROM RICE HUSK SILICA
No full textThis research presents the use of the Rietveld method to study the phase composition of cordierite (MG2AL4SI5O18) ceramics prepared from rice husk silica, after the samples were sintered at 1300, 1400 and 1500 °C. The formation of cordierite is temperature-dependent as indicated by the relative phase composition obtained from x-ray diffraction patterns for the cordierite and spinel increased markedly with increasing temperature, i.e, from 38.98 to 54.15 wt% and from 11.81 to 17.99 wt % following the increase in temperature from 1300-1500 °C, respectively. The above values were obtained with the aid of the Rietveld method, carried out until the goodness of fit values (GoF) reached below 2, which is considered a satisfactory value to reveal the real phase composition. Different plots produced by refinement using the Rietveld method also reveal a reasonable fit between the observed and the calculated plot, demonstrating the usefulness of the method for calculating the quantity of phase composition in the sintering process.Keywords: cordierite ceramics, rice husk, Rietveld phase analysis, sinterin
GEOELECTRICAL METHOD FOR SUBSURFACE PROFILING COMPARISON: CASE STUDY IN TAWANG AND SABAK AREA, NORTH KELANTAN, MALAYSIA
No full textThe study area is located in North Kelantan, Malaysia. The North Kelantan plain is covered with quaternary sediments overlying granite bedrock. The drainage system is dendritic with the main river flowing into the South China Sea. Geoelectrical resistivity profiling surveys were conducted to determine the characteristics of the subsurface and the groundwater within the aquifer. The geoelectric resistivity surveys are made up of twelve resistivity traverses at five different sites. Each site has two or more lines which are perpendicular and parallel to the beach line. The zone of brackish water is very clearly seen in the resistivity inverse model with the position around 20 m of depth. This aquifer is referred to the second aquifer. The subsurface profile in site 1, 2 and 3 which is perpendicular to the beach line shows a wavy pattern. The profile which is parallel to the beach line shows almost planar non wavy pattern. In site 4 and site 5, the profile shows an almost flat. Keywords: resistivity, subsurfac