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Konsumsi lemak total, lemak jenuh, dan kolesterol sebagai faktor risiko sindroma metabolik pada masyarakat perkotaan di Denpasar
Get PDFABSTRACT
Background: Metabolic syndrome is a health problem with its increasing prevalence. It is characterized by a group of metabolic risk factors including abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, elevated blood pressure and insulin resistance. Metabolic syndrome affected by changes in lifestyle and unhealthy dietary patterns with high cholesterol, saturated fatty acid and trans fatty acid.
Objective: The study was conducted to analyze the relationship between fat consumption with metabolic syndrome among adult people in Denpasar city.
Method: The case control study designed was applied. The cases were adult people who had metabolic syndrome, and the control was healthy people from the case-neighboring household. Total subject were 130, taken by consecutive sampling: 65 cases and 65 controls. The subjects identity, fat intake, waist circumference, blood pressure and fasting blood sugar were collected. The food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to measure fat consumption and blood glucose test meter for measuring fasting blood sugar. Mantel Haenzel statistic analysis were used to test the association of fat intake with metabolic syndrome.
Result: The study showed that means of metabolic syndrome components in case group was higher than control (p 300 mg/day, and 90.8% had SAFA intake > 10%. Odd Ratio Mantel Haenzel analysis showed that fat consumption (fat total, cholesterol and frequency consumption of fat were risk factors to metabolic syndrome (OR >1)).
Conclusion: There was significant relationship between fat consumption (fat total cholesterol, SAFA, frequency of fat consumption) and metabolic syndrome among adult people in Denpasar City.
KEY WORDS fat consumption, metabolic syndrom
PERAMBAHAN KAWASANHUTAN PADA KONSERVASI TAMAN NASIONAL (STUDI KASUSTAMAN NASIONAL TESSO NILO, RlAU)
Get PDFHingga tahun 2006, Indonesia setidaknya telah mengukuhkan 50 taman nasional. Taman Nasional Tesso Nilo yang dikukuhkan pada tahun 2004 mengalami perambahan kawasan hutan melalui konversiperuntukan lahan.. Hingga tahun 2009 setidaknya telah mendegradasi lebih dari 30% luas kawasan taman nasional. Harus ada pilihan mekanisme penyelesaian yang komprehensif
KERAGAMAN GENETIK GEN Dehydrogenase Sub-unit 4L (ND4L) PADATARSIUS ENDEMIK DI SULAWESI (Tarsiu,..spectrum DAN Tarsius dianae)
Get PDFTarsius merupakan jenis primata Indonesia yang terancam akan kepunahan. Upaya konservasi secara insitu dan exsitu pada satwa ini akan lebih terarah dan berhasil guna apabila keragaman genetiknya diketahui secara pasti. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari keragaman genetik pada Tarsius sp. berdasarkan sekuen penyusun gen Dehydrogenase Sub-unit 4L (ND4L). Sekuensing DNA menggunakan primer ND4L Forward dan ND4L Reverse menghasilkan sekuen 481 bp. Hasil sekuen fragmen ND4L dilakukan penjajaran berganda dengan primata lain yang diambil dari Genbank dan selanjutnya dianalisa menggunakan MEGA versi 4. I. Hasil analisa tidak diperoleh situs nukleotida yang berbeda. Jarak genetik berdasar sekuen nukleotida gen ND4L yang dianalisis menggunakan Kimura 2-parameter ditemukan nilai sebesar 0%. .Konstruksi pohon filogenetik menggunakan metode Neighbour Joining dengan nilai bootstrap 1000 kali tidak dapat membedakan antara T.dianae ( asal Sulawesi Tengah ) dan T.spectrum ( asal Sulawesi Utara )
The differen\u27ce of Natural Killer cell activities of the people live in the aircraft noise area of Adi Soemarmo Airport Boyolali, Surakarta, Indonesia
Get PDFExposure to noises contributes to a health risk. There is sufficient scientific evidence that noise exposure could induce hearing impairment, hypertension and ischemic heart disease, annoyance, sleep disturbances, and decreased school performance. Other evidence as changes in the immune system and birth defects is limited. The aims of this study is to find out the difference of Natural Killer(NK)cell activities of the people live in the aircraft noise area of Adi Sumarmo Airport, Boyolali, Surakarta, Indonesia. The research design was an analytical with a cross sectional approach, taking location at the Dibal and Gagak Sipat Villages, Ngemplak Sub district, Boyolali District. The study was conducted from June 2008 to June 2009. The number of subjects involved was 39. They were divided into 3 groups. Group 1 was exposed to 52.17 dB of noise level (13 respondents). Group 2 was exposed to 71.79 dB of noise level (13 respondents), and Group 3 was exposed to 92.29 dB of noise level (13 respondents). The cytotoxicities of NKcells was
measured by flowcytometric and using a non-radioactive method. The samples were taken using a simple random sampling. The data were analyzed by Anova followed by Post Hoc Test using LSD test completed with Homogenous
Subsets. The results showed that the activity of NKcells of Group 1, 2 and 3 were 12.50..:!:..3.25%, 17.20 :!:3.06%, and 22.33:!: 6.30 %, respectively. The Anova test showed that there was a significant difference of NKcell activities, in
the groups of respondents (p =0.000). In conclusion, there was a significant difference of the NKcell activities of the people live in the aircraft noise area of Adi Sumarmo Airport, Boyolali, Surakarta, Indonesia
Collagen synthesis on ultravioletA irradiated human skin fibroblast treated with insulin
Get PDFUltraviolet (UV) irradiation from the sun can stimulate premature skin aging because UV irradiation inhibits collagen synthesis, promotes collagen degradation and inhibits fibroblast proliferation. Insulin is capable to stimulate fibroblast genes collagen expression, DNAsynthesis, and collagen synthesis. The effect of insulin in reducing collagen synthesis
among repeated-UV A irradiation on human skin fibroblast has never been studied. This study aims to investigate the effect of insulin in collagen synthesis among repeated-UVA irradiation on normal human skin fibroblast. To asses the
collagen synthesis collagen degradation, collagen deposition and fibroblast proliferation were measured. Experimental study was performed among passage 3 of fibroblast which was isolated from a circumcised skin of a 6-year-old boy. Fibroblasts were irradiated with 3 repeated exposure with total cumulative dose 9000 mJ/cm\u27 and treated with insulin 0.512 u
g/mL and placebo. Cells were then incubated for 48 hours, collagen degradation, collagen deposition and fibroblast proliferation were read colorimetric by using Spectroscopy 550 nm. The effect of insulin 0.51 and 2 ig/mL in collagen synthesis among repeated-UV A irradiation on normal human skin fibroblast with cumulative dose 9000 mJ/cm\u27 was not capable to reduce collagen degradation, nor capable to increase collagen and fibroblast proliferation. Insulin dose 0,5 ug/ml-2 ug/ml among repeated-UVA irradiation on normal human skin fibroblast was not capable to increase collagen synthesis
PENGARUH WAKTU PENGUNYAHAN PERMEN KARET PROBIOTIK Lactobacillus reuteri TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN BAKTERI Streptococcus mutans PADA ANAK DENGAN PERAWATAN ORTODONSI CEKAT
Get PDFAkumulasi plak pada anak dengan perawatan ortodonsi cekat sering ditemukan karena adanya braket pada gigi sehingga anak sulit menjaga kebersihan mulut. Permen karet probiotik yang mengandung bakteri Lactobacillus reuteri merupakan salah satu cara pencegahan yang dianggap efektif dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Streptococcus mutans yang terdapat di dalam plak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh waktu pengunyahan permen karet probiotik L. reuteri terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri S. mutans pada anak dengan perawatan ortodonsi cekat. Subyek berjumlah 16 anak usia 10-14 tahun yang sedang dirawat ortodonsi cekat di RSGM Prof Soedomo
Bagian IKGA. Sampel diambil dari subyek berupa usapan plak di sekitar braket. Sam pel pertama diambil sebelum pengunyahan permen karet probiotik. Selanjutnya subyek dibagi secara acak menjadi 2 kelompok pengunyahan yaitu kelompok pagi dan malam. Kelompok pagi dengan perlakuan mengunyah permen karet setiap.pukuI 10.00 selama empat belas hari, sedangkan kelompok malam setiap pukul 20.30 malam juga selama empat belas hari. Subyek diinstruksikan untuk menggosok gigi sesudah makan pagi dan malam. Sampel kedua diambil pada hari ke empat belas. Sam pel diteliti di laboratorium mikrobiologi dengan media agar MFSA. Data penelitian dianalisis secara deskriptif.
Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan persentase tidak adanya pertumbuhan bakteri S. mutans sebelum perlakuan lebih tinggi (68,75%) dari pada yang ada pertumbuhan S. mutans (31,25%). Sesudah perlakuan persentase tidak adanya pertumbuhan bakteri S. mutans juga lebih tinggi (81,25%) dari pada yang ada pertumbuhan S. mutans (18,75%). Pertumbuhan bakteri S. mutans pad a kelompok pagi (5 cfu) sesudah
perlakuan lebih rendah dari pada kelompok malam (11 cfu). Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah 1. Pengunyahan permen karet probiotik pada waktu pagi hari lebih menurunkan pertumbuhan bakteri S. mutans dibandingkan malam hari2. Tidak semua sampel dapat ditemukan adanya bakteri S. mutans dari setiap subyek penelitian3. tidak semua pengunyahan permen karet probiotik menghilangkan pertumbuhan bakteri S. mutans
PERBEDAAN URUTAN PENGAPLIKASIAN BAHAN IRIGASI SALURAN AKAR TERHADAP KEKUATAN GESER PELEKATAN BAHAN PENGISI SALURAN AKAR BERBAHAN DASAR RESIN
Get PDFKeberhasilan perawatan saluran akar salah satunya tergantung dari irigasi saluran akar. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui perbedaan urutan bahan irigasi sodium hipoklorit 2,5%, EDTA 17%, dan klorheksidin 0,12% serta urutan sodium hipoklorit 2,5%, klorheksidin 0,12%, dan EDTA 17% terhadap kekuatan
geser pelekatan bahan pengisi saluran akar berbahan dasar resin pada dinding saluran akar.
Penelitian ini menggunakan 40 gigi premolar mandib.ula.Saluran akar dipreparasi menggunakan file putar sampai file #35/ 0,06. Subyek penelitian dibagi secara acak ke dalam 2 kelompok perlakuan masing-masing 10 gigi, 3 kelompok kontrol positif, dan 1 kelompok kontrol negatif masing-masing 5 gigi. Kelompok I diirigasi
menggunakan urutan bahan irigasi NaOCI 2,5%, dilanjutkan EDTA 17%, dan diakhiri klorheksidin 0,12%. Kelompok II NaOCI 2,5%, dilanjutkan klorheksidin 0,12%, dan diakhiri EDTA 17%. Seluruh subyek penelitian diobturasi menggunakan konus resin dan siler resin kemudian disimpan dalam inkubator selama 14 hari. Selanjutnya masing-masing gigi dipotong secara horizontal menjadi 3 potongan dengan ketebalan 2 mm. Potongan gigi kemudian diuji dengan teknik push-out. Data hasil penelitian dianalisis dengan ANAVA satu jalur dan uji Tukey dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95% (0=0,05).
Rerata kekuatan geser pelekatan bahan pengisi saluran akar berbahan dasar resin pada Kelompok II lebih tinggi daripada Kelompok I. Uji ANAVA satu jalur membuktikan ada perbedaan kekuatan geser pelekatan bahan pengisi saluran akar berbahan dasar resin antar kelompok perlakuan, kontrol positif, dan kontrol negatif
dan uji Tukey memperlihatkan tidak ada perbedaan kekuatan geser pelekatan antara Kelompok I dengan Kelompok II.
Kesimpulan: Tidak ada perbedaan signifikan antara urutan irigasi sodium hipoklorit 2,5%, dilanjutkan EDTA 17%, dan diakhiri klorheksidin 0,12% dengan urutan irigasi sodium hipoklorit 2.5%, dilanjutkan klorheksidin 0,12%, dan diakhiri EDTA 17% terhadap kekuatan geser pelekatan bahan pengisi saluran akar berbahan dasar
resin
PEMAKAIAN LIP BUMPER PADAANAK CEREBRAL PALSI DENGAN KASUS DROOLING, INKOMPETENSI BIBIR DAN KEBIASAAN MENGGIGIT-GIGIT BIBIR BAWAH
Get PDFLatar Belakang Anak yang menderita cerebral palsi pada umumnya mempunyai keluhan ketidakmampuan dalam pengontrolan saliva dalam rongga mulutnya. Pada kondisi tersebut penderita mengalami ketidaknormalan dalam koordinasi neuromuscular pada lidah, bibir dan pipinya, sehingga hal tersebut dapat menyebabkan drooling. Kebiasaan buruk menggigit-gigit bibir bawah yang terjadi pada anak ini menimbulkan problem inkompetensi bibir. Pendekatan perawatan myofungsional dapat meningkatkan tonus otot bibir dan lidah, dan sebisa mungkin menahan posisi lidah tetap di.dalam mulut dengan suatu alat yang dinamakan lipbumper.Tujuan laporan kasus ini adalah\u27untuk melaporkan bahwa pemakaian alat lip bumperdapat mengurangi drooling, inkompetensi bibir dan kebiasaan menggigit-gigit bibir bawah pada anak cerebral palsi. Kasus. Seorang anak laki-Iaki siswa SLB 1 Bantul dengan kelainan cerebral palsi dilakukan pemeriksaan rutin kesehatan gigi.Tampak gigi protusif dengan bibir inkompetensi. Setelah wawancara dengan pengasuh, anak tersebut mempunyai drooling yang berlebihan dan sering menggigitgigit bibir bawah. Perawatan yang dipilih adalah menggunakan alat removabel lip bumper. Lip bumper dipakai pada siang hari selama 2 jam dan malam hari pada waktu tidur. Keslmpulan. Setelah 3 bulan te~adi pengurangan drooling, kebiasaan menggigitgigit bibirnya hilang dan inkompetensi bibir berkurang. Maj Ked G, Desember 201118(2): 145-14
STUDY ONTHE ADSORPTION PROPERTIESOF NOVEL CALlX[6]ARENE POLYMERS FOR HEAVY METAL CATIONS
Get PDFA research has been conducted to investigate the capabilityof a series of novel calix[6]arenes-basedpolymers: poly-monoallyloxycalix[6]arene (2a), poly-monoallyloxypenta-estercalix[6] arene(2b) and poly-monoallyloxypentaacidcalix[
6]arene (2c) for trapping of heavy metal cations such as Cd(II), Cu(lI) and Cr(lll). The existence of active hydroxy group (-OH) and with a tunnel-like structure of the polymers, caused the polymers can be used as adsorbents for heavy metals. The adsorptionprocess was carried out in batch method in the variation of acidity (pH),
contact time and initial concentrationof metal ions. The results showed that the amount of adsorbed metal increased with the increasing of the pH of metal solution. For these three polymers, the amount of metal ions Cd(II), Cu(lI) and Cr(lII) adsorbed was optimum at pH 7, 6 and 5 respectively. The optimum contact time for Cd(lI) and Cu(lI) was 120 min, while that for Cr(lll) was 60 min. Study of the adsorption kinetics showed that the adsorption of Cd(II), Cu(lI) and Cr(lll) using polymer 2a followed kinetics model of Ho. For adsorbent 2b and 2c, the adsorption kinetics of Cd(lI) and Cr(lll) also followed kinetics model of Ho while for the Cu(lI) followed Lagergren kinetic models. Isothermal studies showed that the adsorption of metal ions on all adsorbents tend to follow the Langmuir isotherm. The adsorption energies of the three adsorbents were higher than 23 kJ/mo/e and polymer 2c has the largest adsorption capacity for Cr(lll)
IN VITRO BIOACTIVITYTEST OF IRRADIATEDMAHKOTA DEWA BARK (Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl.) AGAINST HUMANCANCER CELL LINES
Get PDFGamma i"adiation has been used to preserve an herbal medicine, but it has not been known the effects of gamma irradiation on their bioactivity as an anticancer agent yet. In the previous study, the gamma irradiation on mahkota dewa bark with the optimum dose of 7.5 kGy could be used for decontamination of bacteria and fungus/yeast. In this report, the effect of gamma i"adiation with the dose of 7.5 kGy on the bioactivities of mahkota
dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff) Boer/.) bark against leukemia L1210 cel/s was studied. The control and i"adiated samples were successively macerated with n-hexane and ethyl acetate. In the previous results, silica gel column chromatography of ethyl acetate extract of non irradiated sample (control) gave 8 fractions. Among these fractions, fraction 6 indicated the most cytotoxic-potentialfraction, so that in this experiment,the ethyl acetate extract of irradiated and non irradiated sample were fractionated with the same manner as previous fractionation. The
fraction 6 obtained both from control and i"adiated samples were then assayed their inhibitory activities against 4 kinds of human cancer lines, i.e. HeLa, THP-1, HUT-78 and A-549. The results showed that the fraction 6 from control sample gave IC50values of 3.65, 5.59, 3.55, and 4.06 llg/mL, against HeLa, THP-1, HUT-78 and A-549,
respectively, meanwhile fraction 6 from irradiated sample gave IC50values of 8.26, 7.02, 5.03, and 5.59 llg/mL, respectively. Gamma i"adiation dose of 7.5 kGy on mahkota dewa bark could decreased the cytotoxic activity of fraction 6 as the most cytotoxic-potential fraction against HeLa, THP-1, HUT-78 and A-549 cancer cel/lines, but
decreasing the cytotoxic activity has not exceeded the limit of an extract and the fraction declared inactive. So that the irradiation dose of 7.5 kGy can be use for decontaminationof bacteria and fungus/yeast without eliminating the cytotoxic activity