Jurnal Kesehatan Andalas
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Efek Loading Statin Intensitas Tinggi Sebelum Intervensi Koroner Perkutan pada Pasien Sindrom Koroner Akut: Systematic Review
Full text linkPercutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) is one of the essential methods for Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) treatment, but this procedure has serious complications. Early loading dose statin has a favorable prognostic impact on patients undergoing PCI. However, this effect is still unclear.Objective: To evaluated the effect of loading high-intensity statin on Major Adverse Cardiac Events (MACE) before PCI in patients with ACS. Methods: Randomized controlled trials were conducted using databases from CENTRAL, PubMed, Science Direct, and British Medical Journal. Then, titles, abstracts, and full texts were screened using the inclusion criteria to filter out irrelevant studies. Quality assessments were undertaken using the Jadad scale, and the results were narratively synthesized and presented in tables. Results: Seven studies were included in this systematic review after screening 1037 records. Four studies demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in MACE in the groups that received loading dose atorvastatin or rosuvastatin before PCI, compared with the comparator groups (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Loading high-intensity statin before PCI seems to be highly effective in reducing MACE in patients with ACS.Keywords:  acute coronary syndrome, major adverse cardiac events, percutaneous coronary interventionÂ
Unveiling the Antibacterial Activity of Petai Seed Ethanol Extract (Parkia speciosa Hassk) with the Kirby-Bauer Method
Full text linkThe increasing number of antibiotic resistance cases have to seek alternative treatments, including the petai plant (Parkia speciosa Hassk). Petai seeds primarily contain chemical compounds such as tannins, saponins, alkaloids, and flavonoids, which are known for their antibacterial properties. Objective: To determined the antibacterial activity of petai seed ethanol extract (P. speciosa Hassk) against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Salmonella typhi. Methods: This experiment used the Kirby-Bauer Method. Petai seeds were extracted with ethanol using maceration techniques, and the viscous extract was dissolved into concentrations of 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%. Screening paper soaked in the extract was placed on agar plates inoculated with the test bacteria, and the plates were incubated for 24 hours. The inhibition zones were measured with a caliper, and the data were analyzed statistically. Results: The study found that the ethanol extract of petai seeds exhibited moderate antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and weak antibacterial activity against Salmonella typhi. Conclusion: Increasing the concentration of the extract significantly enhanced its antibacterial effect against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, indicating that petai seed ethanol extract could be a potential alternative treatment for bacterial infections.Keywords: Â antibacterial, extract ethanol, Kirby-Bauer method, petai see
Karakteristik Kasus Kekerasan Seksual di Rumah Sakit Tipe A di Jawa Barat dan Sumatera Barat
Full text linkIntroduction: Sexual assault in women and children are very prominent among other abuse. Knowledge related to the characteristics of sexual assault is vital for optimal handling of sexual assault cases. Aims: This research aimed to evaluate the characteristics of sexual assault cases in referral hospital (type A hospital) in West Java and West Sumatera provinces. Method: This research is a retrospective descriptive research. The samples were patients suspected of being victims of sexual assault, examined from 1 January 2014 to 31 December 2018. Results: The alleged sexual assault victims are dominated by women, unmarried, with the most age groups of 10-19 years. Most victims come to the hospital within a week after the case. The primary type of sexual assault experienced by the victims is vaginal penetration. Most perpetrators were someone who was well known by the victims. The perpetrators prefer to act at noon in a private place. Medical records revealed that in most cases only signs of violence on the anogenital region, and no trace on other body parts. Conclusion: The characteristic of sexual assault from both provinces are almost similar. The difference that stands out lies in the level of education of victims. Knowledge about the aspects of sexual assault cases is essential for health service to provide optimal health service to sexual violence victims as well as the prevention efforts
Analisa Kadar Glutamat pada Penderita Fibrilasi Atrium dengan Gangguan Fungsi Kognitif
No full textSalah satu permasalahan neurologi yang ditemukan pada penderita fibrilasi atrium (FA) adalah gangguan kognitif. Silent Brain Infarction (SBI) diyakini menjadi salah satu mekanisme utama yang mendasari terjadinya gangguan ini. Sudah dilaporkan juga bahwa hipoksia serebri akan menimbulkan peningkatan kadar glutamat ektraseluler sehingga bersifat neurotoksisitas dan menimbulkan kematian sel. Tujuan: Menganalisis kadar serum glutamat pada pasien Fibrilasi Atrial (FA) dengan gangguan kognitif.  Metode: Penelitian dengan disain potong lintang dilakukan di Poliklinik Kardiologi dan Neurologi RS DR M Djamil Padang serta Laboratorium Biomed Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Andalas. Pemeriksaan kadar glutamat serum dilakukan dengan metode Elisa dan pemeriksaan fungsi kognitif dengan test neuropsikologi Montreal Cognitive Assestment versi Indonesia (MoCA-Ina). Perbedaan kadar glutamat serum pada kelompok FA dengan gangguan kognitif dan kelompok FA tanpa gangguan kognitif diuji dengan t test bila distribusi data normal dan test Mann Whitney bila data tidak terdistribusi normal. Hubungan antara kadar glutamat dengan kejadian gangguan kognitif dilakukan dengan uji Chi-square, setelah dicari dulu nilai cut off point untuk kadar glutamat serum. Uji dikatakan bermakna bila nilai p < 0,05. Hasil: Kadar glutamat serum kelompok FA dengan ganggan kognitif lebih tinggi dari kelompok FA tanpa gangguan kognitif. Pasien FA yang mempunyai kadar glutamat tinggi ( > 29,5µMol/L) beresiko mengalami gangguan kognitif 10,2 kali lebih tinggi dari penderita yang mempunyai kadar glutamat normal (< 29,5 µMol). Simpulan: Ada hubungan antara kadar glutamat serum dengan terjadinya gangguan kognitif pada penderita FA.Kata kunci: fibrilasi atrial, fungsi kognitif, glutamat, silent brain infarctio
Hubungan Nilai Laju Endap Darah (LED) dengan Kadar C-Reactive Protein (C-RP) pada Pasien Positif Covid-19
Full text linkSARS-CoV-2 infection is a systemic infection that significantly affects hematopoiesis and the patient's immune response. Drastic increase in the production of proinflammatory cytokines like interleukin-6 (IL-6) play a role in mechanism of lymphopenia in COVID-19. Some indicators of inflammation markers include Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) and C-Reactive Protein (CRP). Objectives:Â To determined the correlation between Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-Reactive Protein (C-RP) levels in patients with covid-19. Methods:Â This research was an analytic observational study with a cross-sectional approach. The samples in this research were 10 ESR and 10 CRP data in a patient with positive COVID-19 at the Mataram University Hospital. Results: A minimum value of 0.50 was obtained from 10 samples of CRP examination, while the maximum value was 79.90 with an average value of 32.24 and a standard deviation of 30.36. The Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) examination obtained a minimum value of 6.00 from 10 samples, while the maximum value was 103.00 with an average value of 53.60 and a standard deviation of 36.40. Conclusion:Â There is no correlation between the value of Erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-Reactive Protein levels in patients with Covid-19.Keywords: Covid-19, Â C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rateÂ
Analisis Kandungan Metabolit Sekunder, Antioksidan dan Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Minuman Tradisional Serbat Khas Kalimantan Barat dengan Variasi Komposisi dan Lama Perendaman
Full text linkSerbat drink is a traditional drink typical of the Malay of West Kalimantan made from plant spices usually served in the Saprahan tradition. Serbat drinks are widely circulated among the public because, empirically, they are useful for health problems, one of which is to treat diarrhea. Objectives: To analyzed the content of secondary metabolites, antioxidant activity, and antibacterial activity of serbat drink on the growth of Escherichia coli bacteria which were known from the presence or absence and measurement of the length of the inhibition zone (the clear area around the disc) with the positive control, namely ciprofloxacin, and negative control, namely distilled water. Methods: The plant spices used in this research include cardamom, cloves, star anise, cinnamon, pandan leaves, sappan wood, anise, and ginger. Serbat drink was made in 3 variations, namely composition A, composition B, and composition C. The three composition variations were carried out for two soaking times, namely 15 minutes and 540 minutes. This study used the thin-layer chromatography (TLC) method for phytochemical screening, the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-pikrilhidrazil) method for examination of antioxidant activity, and Escherichia coli bacteria cultured in 3 agar and tested using the disc diffusion method (Kirby-Bauer) to determine its antibacterial activity.  Results: The secondary metabolites contained in each serbat water sample, antioxidant activity from strongest to weakest among the serbat samples, and the absence of visible inhibition zones. Conclusion: Serbat drink does not have antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli.Keywords:  secondary metabolites, serbat drink, variations in composition, variations in the soaking tim
Potensi Ikan Barbir (Pethia conchonius) dan Lemon (Labidochromis caeruleus) Jantan dan Betina sebagai Predator Biologis Larva Nyamuk Aedes aegypti
Full text linkFish as natural predators of mosquito larvae is a way of controlling mosquito larvae biologically that does not pose a risk to the health of organisms and environmental damage and overcoming the problem of mosquito resistance to chemical larvacide. One fish tested in the study was the rosy barb (Pethia conchonius) and lemon cichlid (Labidochromis caeruleus). Objectives: To analyzed  a difference in the predation ability of male and female fish to the larvae. Methods: This was an experimental study in the laboratory with a post-test-only design and five replications. One aquarium contains one liter of water, one fish, and 25 larvae of Ae. aegypti. Fish testing starts in the afternoon at 15.00 WIB. Observation the predation time of the fish until the fish eat all the larvae. Results: The average predation time of male P. conchonius fish was 1.57 minutes, and the female was 76.05 minutes. The average predation time of male L. caeruleus fish was 36.72 minutes and for females, 22.08 minutes. There was a significant difference between the predation of the male and female P. conchonius fish groups. There was no significant difference between the predation of male and female L. caeruleus fish groups to Ae. aegypti larvae. Conclusion: Rosy barb (P. conchonius) and lemon cichlid (L. caeruleus) have the potential to control the larval population of the Ae. aegypti mosquito. Rosy barb male has faster predation ability than other fish.Keywords:  Aedes aegypti, female, Labidochromis caeruleus, Pethia conchonius, mal
Rinosinusitis Kronis dengan Polip Nasal Inflamatori Bilateral serta Elongated Unsinatus
Full text linkChronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is defined as chronic inflammation of the nose and paranasal sinuses with two or more symptoms, one of which can be nasal congestion/obstruction/congestion or rhinorrhea (anterior/postnasal drip), and/or with facial pain, reduced or loss of smell. Elongated uncinate is one of the anatomical variants of the uncinate process where the uncinate process is curved or bent, which causes sinus problems and is one of the risk factors for CRS. It has been reported a 19-year-old man with the diagnosis of chronic rhinosinusitis with third-grade bilateral nasal polyp from computed tomography of the paranasal sinusitis. There was an impression of the sinonasal polyp with inverted papilloma as a differential diagnosis. The patient was treated through microdebrider-assisted functional endoscopic sinus surgery. This was chronic rhinosinusitis with grade III bilateral nasal polyps, and microdebrider-assisted fungsional endoscopic sinus surgery was performed with great results.Keywords: chronic rhinosinusitis, elongated unsinatus, Â functional endoscopic sinus surgery, nasal poly
Hubungan Konsumsi Herbal dengan Kepatuhan Minum Obat Standar pada Pasien Hipertensi di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Lempake Samarinda
Full text linkIt is crucial for patients with hypertension to always control their blood pressure by consuming medicines for hypertension, the morbidity and mortality rates will be hopefully reduced. Medication adherence is necessary in order to reach the target of controlling blood pressure. There are a lot of causes affecting medication adherence, one of which is the consumption of herbal remedies. Objective: To investigated the correlation between the consumption of herbal remedies and medication adherence among patients with hypertension at Lempake Public Health Centre in Samarinda. Methods: The research design was analytical observational with a cross-sectional approach. The statistical analysis used Chi-Square test. The data were collected through interviews with 94 respondents. They were selected using convenience sampling and also asked to fulfill the identity form and MMAS-8 questionnaire. Results: Most respondents at Lempake Public Health Centre in Samarinda consumed herbal remedies (42.6%), but their medication adherence was low (82.9%). The significant p-value was 0.008 based on the statistical analysis. Conclusion: There is a significant correlation between the consumption of herbal remedies and medication adherence among patients with hypertension at Lempake Public Health Centre in Samarinda.Keywords: Â herbal, hypertension, medication adherence, MMAS-
Korelasi Skor SOFA dengan Kadar Kortisol Darah pada Pasien Sepsis di RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang
Full text linkSepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction due to dysregulation of the body's immune response to infection. The Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score (SOFA score) is a diagnostic tool used to quantitatively and objectively assess the level of organ dysfunction. Sepsis as a stressor of systemic inflammation, causes an increase in cortisol secretion by the adrenals to target tissues, which suppresses inflammation. Objective: To determine the correlation between SOFA score and blood cortisol levels in sepsis patients at RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang. Method: Observational analytic study with a cross-sectional method. The sample consisted of 55 patients who had been diagnosed with sepsis. The data used was secondary data from medical records. The data were tested using the Spearman correlation test. Result: A correlation was found between the SOFA score and blood cortisol levels, yielding a correlation coefficient of r = 0.338 and a p-value of 0.012. Conclusion: There is a significant moderate correlation between SOFA scores and blood cortisol levels.
Keywords: blood cortisol, sepsis, SOFA scor