Sriwijaya Journal of Environment
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Integration of GIS modeling with Fuzzy Logic method for land optimization of post mining on coal mine in South Kalimantan province: A case study of PT Wahana Baratama Mining
Get PDFCurrently coal companies, especially in South Kalimantan, have not been yet or only slightly entered the post-mining stage, although part of the mining blocks have been totally exploited, so that the company should have been preparing for the development of other sectors (non-mining). It shows that optimization of coal resources from exploration, mining to post-mining land use is necessary to ensure sustainable mining and sustainable development in terms of meeting the conservation aspect. To meet all aspects of conservation, the achievement of optimization in a series of mining business activities is started from the potential optimization of the potential of the coal remain resources until the optimization of post-mining land use is absolutely required. This research has analyzed several alternative sectors outside mining, which will be selected for optimization of utilization or post-mining land use, including plantation, recreation, industry and conservation sectors. The analyzing process used several parameters to assess the selected sector including rainfall, slope and land use. Therefore, this study uses an approach of GIS-based methods (knowledge-driven), mainly fuzzy logic for post-mining land use planning. The selected mining area for this study belongs to PT. Wahana Baratama Mining company that has a Work Agreement for Coal Mining Exploitation. The result shows the suitability of plantation for the optimization of land use in all mining sites and also for conservation areas or protected forests.Keywords: Optimization, Land use, Post-mining, Fuzzy logic
Biodiversity of Echinodermata in Marsegu Island
Get PDFEchinoderms are key species that govern the structure and balance of communities and influence the sustainability of other organisms in different types of ecosystems in sea water. This research aimed at examining the biodiversity of echinoderms, and environmental physical-chemical factors that affect the diversity of echinoderms in coastal waters of Marsegu Island. The data were collected with direct observation and all research variables were recorded. The data collection of echinodermata type was done on each plot in the middle intertidal zone and the lower intertidal zone. The results of this research found that the population of echinoderms in coastal water of Marsegu Island was composed of 4 classes, namely Ophiuroidea, Asteroidea, Echinoidea and Holothuriodea. The most common type found was Asteroidea which consisted of 3 families, 4 genera and 4 species. The results of observation showed there was a difference in echinoderm species found in the middle intertidal zone and the lower intertidal zone. The number of echinoderms species found in the middle intertidal zone was 8 species, while in the lower intertidal zone was 10 species, and there were some species that were not found in the middle intertidal zone, but they were found in the lower intertidal zone, namely Ophiopholis aculeafa, Linckia laevagata and Protoreaster nodusus. The Synapta maculata species was found in the lower intertidal zone, but it was not found in the midle intertidal zone. About 52% variation in echinoderms diversity can be explained by the regression equation model, while the remaining 48% was the influence of other factors that could not be explained by the regression equation model
The Population of Bacteria and CO2 Release on Process of Composting Manure and Swamp Grass
Get PDFThis study aimed to analyze the bacteria population, the release of CO2, pH and organic-C and total-N in the process of compost made from manure and swamp grass. Treatment level consist of 100% manure (K100), 50% of manure + 50% swamp grass (K50R50), 25% of manure + 75% swamp grass (K25R75), and 10% of manure + 90% swamp grass (K10R90). The result of this study indicated the dynamic of different bacteria population on different composting materials by increasing of the composting time. The release of CO2 decrease on all treatment levels by increasing of the composting time. The pH value increased at all levels of treatment, except the composition of 100% manure. The best composition obtained by mixing of 10% manure and 90% swamp grass.Keywords: CO2 release, compost, manure, population, swamp grass
Changes to Some Physical Properties due to Conversion of Secondary Forest of Peat into Oil Palm Plantation
Get PDFThe purpose of this study was to study how the physical properties of peat change due to the conversion of secondary forest into oil palm plantations. It was done by comparing the three conversion stages of the secondary forest into shrubs and oil palm plantations. The study was conducted in Ogan Komering Ilir District, South Sumatera Province, about 100 km south of Palembang, Indonesia from August to December 2016. Data collection was done randomly at all sites, each of five points for field sampling, observation of soil profile and measurement of hydraulic conductivity and water table depth. The samples were collected at a depth of 0-30 cm, both for undisturbed cores and bulk samples. The hydraulic conductivity was measured in the field using the auger holes method. The peat strength was determined by using the hand operated cone penetrometer. Data analysis was done descriptively and regression correlation test. The results showed that conversion of secondary forests into oil palm plantations has led to the decline in the quality of some of the physical properties of peat by decreasing total porosity, water table depth, hydraulic conductivity, organic matter content, moisture content and increasing the bulk density and peat strength
Parameters Affecting Household Income Diversity of Farmer’s Tribes in South Sumatra Tidal Wetland
Get PDFAbstract: The research aimed to determine parameters affecting household income diversity of farmer’s tribes in South Sumatra tidal wetland, especially studied from the aspect of land acreage, education level, age of farmers and tribes of farmers. The research was using survey method and carried out from June-August 2016 in the Delta Telang I Banyuasin, South Sumatra. The data were recorded by questionnaire for 145 respondents of farmers. Data was processed, described and correlated to see the relevance of the parameters with other parameters. The research concluded that the character of household economy of farmers explaining the relation between production decisions to increase rice production is land acreage, education, age, experience of farmers, number of household members, and labor allocation. Multi commodities farming (rice and plantation) was very favorable compared to monoculture rice fields? But this is a little bit contradictive with government policy that the research area is pointed out as the center of rice production. Therefore, government policy needs to motivate farmers that they can manage their farming from upstream to downstream and they work full in their own farming. The government policy should be site-specific and appropriated with the tribes of farmersKeywords: Household, income, diversity, tribes, tidal wetlandAbstrak (Indonesian): Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan parameter yang mempengaruhi keragaman pendapatan rumah tangga suku petani di lahan pasang surut Sumatera Selatan, terutama dari aspek luas lahan, tingkat pendidikan, usia dan suku petani. Metode penelitian adalah survey lapangan yang dilakukan pada bulan Juni-Agustus 2016 di Delta Telang I Banyuasin. Data direkam dengan kuesioner untuk 145 responden. Data diproses, dijelaskan dan dibuat korelasi untuk melihat hubungan parameter satu dengan parameter lainnya. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa ekonomi rumah tangga petani menentukan keputusan untuk berproduksi. Produksi padi ditentukan oleh luas lahan, pendidikan, usia, pengalaman petani, jumlah anggota rumah tangga, dan alokasi tenaga kerja. Pertanian multicropping (padi dan perkebunan) sangat menguntungkan dibandingkan dengan monokultur padi, akan tetapi hal ini sedikit bertentangan dengan kebijakan pemerintah bahwa daerah penelitian telah ditetapkan sebagai sentra produksi padi. Oleh karena itu, perlu kebijakan pemerintah untuk memotivasi petani untuk tetap monokultur padi, tetapi petani harus mengelola pertaniannya mulai dari hulu sampai ke hilir. Kebijakan pemerintah ini harus bersifat spesifik dan disesuaikan dengan suku-suku petani.Kata kunci: Rumah tangga, pendapatan, keanekaragaman, suku, pasang suru
Colony Morphology of Yeast Isolates from Tuak and Its Application in Producing Ethanol From Sugarcane Bagasse
Get PDFAbstract: Colony morphology yeast isolates from tuak and its application in producing ethanol from sugarcane bagasse has been conducted. Yeast isolates used in this work were HT4, HT5, and HT20 obtained from Tuak. These isolates have cream to yellow in color, spherical to oval in shape, and grow as budding cells. Our goal is to find yeast isolates used as microbial agent in fermentation process producing ethanol from lignocellulosic biomass as raw material. Based upon morphology showed that these isolates were Candida species. Isolate HT5 then used to see its potent as agent in bioethanol production. Fermentation of 5 g sugarcane bagasse substrate resulted 0.0008% ethanol. This results indicated that isolate has a potent as microbial agent for fermentation, however the optimum condition of process is needed to furthermore study. Keywords: Candida species, bioethanol, TuakAbstrak (Indonesian): Telah dilakukan penelitian terhadap morfologi koloni dari isolat khamir dari tuak dan aplikasinya dalam produksi etanol dari ampas tebu. Isolat khamir yang digunakan adalah koloni HT4, HT5, dan HT20 yang telah didapat dari tuak. Isolat-isolat ini memiliki bentuk warna krem hingga kuning dengan bentuk bulat hingga oval dan pertumbuhannya dengan membentuk tunas. Tujuannya adalah untuk mendapatkan isolat ini akan digunakan sebagai agen mikroba pada proses fermentasi menghasilkan etanol dari biomasa lignoselulosa sebagai bahan bakunya. Berdasarkan morfologi menunjukan bahwa isolat-isolat ini adalah spesies Candida. Isolat HT5 selanjutnya digunakan untuk melihat potensinya sebagai agen dalam produksi bioetanol. Fermentasi menggunakan 5 g subtrat ampas tebu menghasilkan etanol sebesar 0.0008%. Hasil ini mengindikasikan bahwa isolat memiliki potensi sebagai agen fermentasi menghasilkan etanol akan tetapi masih perlu diteliti lebih lanjut untuk kondisi optimum prosesnya.Kata kunci: spesies Candida, bioetanol. tua
Blood clams community (Anadara granoasa) in The Eastern Coastal Waters of Banyuasin Regency South Sumatera
Get PDFAbstract: This research aimed to study existence of blood clams population and the environmental factors that affect them. This research was conducted in the coastal waters of Banyuasin in February 2015. The blood clamp sample was collected using Ekman Grab at low tide. From the observation in the research site, the highest population density was 60 ind/m2 with clay substrate texture, while the lowest density was 20 ind/m2 on the dusty clay substrate. Blood clams population was not found on the sand substrate texture station. Morphometric data showed that the blood clam population in the research site, including the medium category with b < 3 growth pattern (allometric negative). The results of PCA analysis proved that the habitat texture and sediment organic habitats were dominant factors besides the chemical physics environmental factors of the waters (temperature, salinity, pH).Keywords: Blood clams, density, morphometric, PCA Abstrak (Indonesian): Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari keberadaan populasi kerang-darah dan faktor lingkungan yang mempengaruhinya. Penelitian ini dilakukan di perairan pesisir Banyuasin pada bulan Februari 2015. Sampel kerang-darah diambil dengan mengunakan Ekman Grab pada saat air surut. Dari hasil pengamatan pada lokasi penelitian, kepadatan populasi kerang-darah tertinggi adalah 60 ind/m2 dengan tekstur substrat lempung, sedangkan kepadatan terendah adalah 20 ind/m2 pada substrat lempung berdebu. Populasi kerang-darah tidak ditemukan pada stasiun dengan tekstur substrat pasir. Data morfometrik menunjukan bahwa populasi kerang-darah di lokasi penelitian termasuk kategori sedang dengan pola pertumbuhan b < 3 (allometrik negatif). Hasil analisis PCA membuktikan bahwa tekstur habitat dan bahan organik sedimen merupakan faktor dominan disamping faktor lingkungan fisika kimia perairan (suhu, salinitas, pH).Kata kunci: Kerang-darah, kepadatan, morfometrik, PC
Adsorption of Lead Content in Leachate of Sukawinatan Landfill Using Solid Waste of Tofu
Get PDFAbstract: A study on the adsorption of lead content in the leachate from the landfill by using solid waste of tofu. This study assed the effects of weight of the solid waste of tofu and the contact time on the efficiency of the Pb adsorption. The sample used in this study was artificial sample of a solution of Pb metal ion and the sample of the leachate of the landfill waste. The study was carried out with a batch system, with the variables of weight of waste of tofu of 0.5; 1.0; 1.5 g. While the variables of the contact time were 0, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 minutes. To determine the optimum conditions, the waste of tofu was dissolved in 50 mL of Pb metal ion solution with a concentration of 20.27 mg/L and stirred with a shaker for 30 minutes at a speed of 180 rpm. The same thing was done by varying the contact time. When the optimum condition was obtained, it was applied with varying concentrations of Pb metal ion solution and garbage landfill leachate. The initial and the final levels of the Pb metal ion solution were analyzed by using the Atomic Adsorption Spectroscopy (AAS). The initial and the final results of the heavy metals were analyzed for disclosing the adsorption efficiency. To reveal the effects of the weight of the waste of tofu and the contact time, the data were analyzed with graphs. The waste of tofu with a weight of 1.5 g and a contact time of 90 minutes, had an adsorption efficiency of 97.68% at a concentration of 20.27 mg / L for Pb ion solution and 28.57% for the leachate from the landfill waste in 100 mL of leachate.Keywords: solid waste of tofu, adsorbent, adsorption, lead, leachate Abstrak (Indonesian): Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang adsorpsi kadar timbal dalam lindi dari sampah TPA dengan menggunakan limbah padat tahu. Penelitian ini akan mengkaji pengaruh berat ampas tahu dan waktu kontak terhadap efisiensi adsorpsi Pb. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah sampel buatan dari larutan ion logam Pb dan sampel dari lindi sampah TPA. Penelitian dilakukan dengan sistem batch, dengan variabel berat ampas tahu 0,5; 1,0; 1,5 g. Sedangkan variabel waktu kontak adalah 0, 30, 60, 90, 120 dan 150 menit. Untuk menentukan kondisi optimum, variabel berat ampas tahu dilarutkan dalam 50 ml larutan ion logam Pb dengan konsentrasi 20,27 mg/L lalu di aduk dengan shaker selama 30 menit dengan kecepatan 180 rpm. Hal yang sama dilakukan dengan variasi waktu kontak, setelah diperoleh kondisi optimum diaplikasikan dengan variasi konsentrasi larutan ion Pb dan lindi sampah TPA. Kadar larutan ion logam Pb awal dan akhir dianalisis dengan menggunakan Spektrofotometer Serapan Atom. Hasil awal dan akhir logam berat dianalisis untuk diketahui efisiensi adsorpsinya. Untuk mengetahui pengaruh berat ampas tahu dan waktu kontak data dianalisis dengan grafik. Ampas tahu dengan berat 1,5 g dan waktu kontak 90 menit, efisiensi adsorpsinya sebesar 97,68% pada konsentrasi 20,27 mg/L untuk larutan ion Pb dan 28,57% untuk lindi dari sampah TPA dalam 100 mL lindi.Kata kunci : limbah padat tahu, adsorben, adsorpsi, timbal, lindi
Palm Oil Mill Effluent Treatment Through Combined Process Adsorption and Membrane Filtration
Get PDFAbstract: The growth in palm oil production also leads to an Increase in the production of palm oil mill effluent (POME). Nowadays, POME was treated using an open lagoon but this method is ineffectiveness in complying with the standards for water disposal. Therefore, efficient and cohesive treatment system is highly desired to ensure the final discharge of the treated water meets the effluent discharge standards. Initially, the POME was treated through adsorption, followed by UF membranes roomates were intended to reduce COD, TSS and turbidity up to 88%, 99%, and 98%, while the final treatment of RO membranes can reduce BOD, COD and color up to 92%, 98% and 99%. To determine the optimum condition of the RO membrane, response surface methodology (RSM) was used. The results showed there was correlation between all key variables. POME concentration, trans-membrane pressure, pH and time would give significant effects in reducing the parameters in POME treatment with the optimum condition of 15.77% for POME concentration, 3.73 for pH, 0.5 bar trans-membrane pressure and 5 hours for filtration time. To predict COD removal, the results were analyzed by applying the artificial neural network (ANN) to derive a mathematical model.Keywords: POME, Adsorption, Membrane filtration, COD, RSM, ANNAbstrak (Indonesian): Pertumbuhan produksi minyak kelapa sawit juga meningkatkan produksi air buangan minyak kelapa sawit (POME). Sekarang ini, POME diolah menggunakan kolam terbuka tetapi metode ini tidak efisien dan tidak memenuhi persyaratan standar air buangan industri. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan suatu sistem pengolahan yang efektif dan terpadu untuk memastikan air buangan pada tahap akhir telah memenuhi standar air buangan. Pada awalnya, POME diolah melalui adsorpsi dan diikuti oleh membran UF dengan tujuan untuk mengurangi kadar COD, TSS dan kekeruhan hingga 88%, 99% dan 98%, masing-masing. Sementara itu, pada proses akhir digunakan membran RO yang berhasil menurunkan kadar BOD, COD dan warna hingga 92%, 98%, dan 99%, masing-masing. Untuk menentukan kondisi optimum dari membran RO digunakan metode respon permukaan (RSM). Hasil memperlihatkan ada korelasi antara semua variabel. Konsentrasi POME, tekanan trans membran, pH aturan dan waktu memberikan pengaruh penting dalam pengurangan parameter pada pengolahan POME, dengan kondisi operasi optimum sebagai berikut: 15,77% bagi konsentrasi, 3,73 bagi pH, 0,5 bar bagi tekanan trans membran, dan 5 jam waktu filtrasi. Untuk memprediksi penghilangan COD, hasil diperiksa menggunakan metode jaringan saraf tiruan (ANN). Hal ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan suatu model matematika.Kata kunci: POME, Adsorpsi, Membran filtrasi, COD, RSM, AN
The influence of pyrolysis and matrix modifiers on determination of Cr and Pb in sediment samples by GFAAS
Get PDFAbstract: The Influence of pyrolysis and matrix modifiers on determination of Cr and Pb in sediment samples using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry has been investigated. The sediment samples including three certified reference materials (CRMs) are reported. Analyses were performed using microwave assisted dissolution. The matrix modifiers Mg(NO3)2, Pd+Mg(NO3)2 and NH4H2PO4were shown to be optimazed. The recovery for Cr and Pb in CRMs in the case of sample dissolution was found to be between 81 to 91% for Cr and 94 to 98% for Pb of the certified values, respectively.Keywords: Sediment, Pyrolysis, Matrix modifiers, Cr, PbAbstrak (Indonesia): Pengaruh pirolisis dan matriks pengubah pada penentuan Cr dan Pb dalam sampel sedimen menggunakan tungku grafit spektroskopi serapan atom telah diteliti. Sampel sedimen termasuk tiga bahan referensi bersertifikat (CRMs) dilaporkan dianalisis dengan menggunakan bantuan microwave ekstraktor. Matriks pengubah Mg(NO3)2, Pd+Mg(NO3)2 dan NH4H2PO4 telah digunakan dan menghasilkan nilai temu balik untuk Cr dan Pb dalam CRMs ditemukan antara 81-91% untuk Cr dan 94-98 % untuk Pb dari nilai sertifikat masing-masing.Katakunci: Sedimen, Pirolisis, Matrix modifiers, Cr, P