Sriwijaya Journal of Environment
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The Potential of Acalypha indica L. Leaf Extract as a Repellent Against Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes
Full text linkNumber one of the issues in controlling Aedes aegypti mosquitoes is the limitations of using chemical repellents, which often have harmful side effects for humans and the environment. The solution to this problem is using natural materials, such as Acalypha indica L. This study aims to inform the results of analyzing the potential of leaf extract Acalypha indica in repelling Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. This study is experimental, using a post-test-only control group design. The subjects of the study are leaf extracts of Acalypha indica at concentrations of 10%, 15%, and 20%. The object is 2-5 days old female Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, totaling 675 individuals with 9 replications. The research variables include the number of mosquitoes landing and the protective efficacy. Data were collected through measurements and observations and analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test. At the 6th hour of testing, the protective efficacy for concentrations of 10%, 15%, and 20% was 75%, 70%, and 90%, respectively. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences in protective efficacy among the treatment groups (p<0.05). The concentration of 20% has proven potential in repelling Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, with 90% protective efficacy until the 6th hour of testing, according to the standards set by the Indonesian Pesticide Commission
Isolation and Characterization of Lactic Acid Bacteria in Cincalok from Pengujan Village, Riau Islands
Full text linkCincalok is a fermented food made from Acetes sp. The fermentation process requires the help of lactic acid bacteria. Lactic acid bacteria during the fermentation process function as antimicrobials, flavor enhancers, and extend food storage time. The research aimed to isolate and identify lactic acid bacteria contained in cincalok. Isolation was done to get a pure culture of bacteria grown on MRSA with the pour plate technique. The Morphological test was done to know the character of the colony and cell, and biochemical characterization was also done. The result of this study showed there are 5 isolates of bacteria have been isolated from Cincalok. The results of morphological and biochemical characterization showed that 5 isolates are lactic acid bacteria
Integration of Socio-Agroecosystem in the Implementation of Semi-Autonomous Hand Tractors in Wetlands: Efforts to Empower Women and the Elderly Towards Sustainable Agriculture
Full text linkAbstract: Pelabuhan Dalam Village, Ogan Ilir, is a swamp–lowland agricultural area dominated by rice cultivation. Challenges such as the decline in productive labor, the use of conventional tractors that cause soil compaction, and the low participation of women and the elderly have led to socio-economic and ecological problems. This study integrates a socio-agroecosystem approach through the implementation of semi-autonomous hand tractors to improve technical efficiency and community empowerment. The results show a 31% increase in work efficiency, a 17% reduction in fuel consumption, and a 21% decrease in soil compaction. The participation of women and the elderly also increased, accompanied by a 16% rise in household income per planting season. This integration has proven effective in promoting socio-economic welfare and the sustainability of wetland agriculture in South Sumatra.
Textile wastewater treatment using Moringa oleifera seeds: optimization via polyacrylamide combination
Full text linkMoringa oleifera (MO) seeds have a protein with positive charges which act as cationic polyelectrolyte and active substances; rhamnosyloxy benzyl isothiocyanate. These substances are useful to reduce and adsorb pollutants and dyes in textile wastewaters. However, the use of MO seeds as a coagulant is inadequate to improve the wastewater quality. Therefore, in this study, the coagulation performance was improved by the addition of anionic polyarcylamide (PAM). Results revealed that the combination of MO+PAM showed a better performance than MO only. The removal efficiency of wastewater parameters enhanced to 88.83%, 80.58%, 19.90%, and 5.86% for dye, TSS, BOD, and COD, respectively. The addition of PAM in MO coagulant also assisted in reducing the settling time significantly (30 min). Furthermore, SEM images proved that dye solid and MO seeds combine to create clumps or flocs. Then, dye substances were drawn or trapped by the porous nature of the charge-containing MO seeds. As a whole, the use of MO+PAM give a new notion in treating textile wastewater quality
Bioethanol Production From Coconut Coir Using Ozonolysis-Hydrolysis-Fermentation-Distillation-Silica Gel Adsorption Method
Full text linkThe utilization of coconut coir as a feedstock for bioethanol production offers an innovative approach to valorize agricultural residues in the South Sumatra region. Given the high lignin content of coconut coir, a lignin removal pretreatment was necessary to enhance the accessibility of cellulose for hydrolysis. This study investigated the impact of ozonolysis duration on lignin and cellulose content, efficacy of silica gel adsorption. The experimental design involved ozonolysis, hydrolysis, fermentation, distillation, and silica gel adsorption. Results revealed that 25 minutes of delignification significantly reduced lignin content by 8,3% while increasing cellulose content by 3,1%. Optimal ozonolysis conditions, coupled with pH stabilization at 4.5 using NaOH, led to enhanced 500 mL bioethanol volume after 7 days fermentation. Application of 10 grams white silica gel for 60 minutes showed an ethanol content of 97% from GC-MS analysis
The relationship of community livelihoods in and around forest reserve areas to forest resources in Humbanghasundutan District of North Sumatra Province
Full text linkForest resource management needs to pay attention to the relationship between the community and forest resources. The conversion of forest land into non-forest areas affects the livelihoods of communities around the forest itself; therefore, knowledge of the socio-economic and cultural interrelatedness of communities in and around forest areas is needed so that the sustainability of forest resources and community livelihoods is maintained. This study was an explorative one. The data were obtained based on questionnaires and interviews. The respondents were selected purposely considering the characteristics of the research area. The data analysis was presented using descriptive method. The observed factors were in the form of land history, land tenure and livelihoods originating from the forest area. This study showed that the historical and customary norms were related to the conversion of forest land to other land uses. The interrelatedness of the community and the forest area was the provision of forest products, namely rubber latex, incense resin, cinnamon bark, firewood, bananas, durian, salak (Salacca Zalacca L.), jengkol (Archidendron pauciflorum L.) and petai (Parkia speciosa L.). Most of the people were not aware of the existence of forest areas legally designated by the government. Consequently, although most respondents did not know the existence of the forest areas legally, they were closely related to forest areas in the form of intensive use of forest products. The history and customary norms prevailing in the community were factors related to the conversion of forest land functions
Effect of The Use of Diesel-Biodiesel on Air Emissions and Exhaust Gas Opacity of Mining Equipment in West Banko IUP - PT Bukit Asam Tbk
Full text linkPT Bukit Asam Tbk has adopted the use of plant-based diesel oil in compliance with the rules established by the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources No. 12 of 2015 from previously using fossil diesel. One of the decarbonization program's initiatives to reduce emissions is to replace the use of fossil fuels with biodiesel for all production equipment. To obtain results on the decrease or increase in the environmental quality of the use of fossil fuels and biodiesel, this research requires comparative data obtained from the results of ambient air quality, emissions, and opacity test. Based on research data in the years 2018 – 2022, the emission quality test was obtained with an average CO parameter of 550.83 mg/nm3, which exceeded the quality standard of 540 mg/nm3, SO2 parameter of 79.03 mg/nm3 from the quality standard of 900 mg/nm3. The NO2 parameter is 161.29b mg/nm3 from the quality standard of 1200 mg/nm3, with the quality standard parameters referring to thw Minister of Environment and Forestry Regulation No. 15 of 2019. Based on quantitative analysis approaches method and trend analysis obtained the emission results experienced an increase with trend line analysis but were still below the quality standards. The results at IUP Banko Barat for mobile equipment sources were obtained at 5.23% HSU, while for static equipment sources, they were obtained at 9.88% HSU from the quality standard of 40% based on South Sumatera Governor Regulation No. 06 of 2016. It can be concluded that the variance of fuel use for the 2018-2022 period has no significant effect on the air quality test emissions and opacity results because it is still below the quality standard
Leaf Growth of Angsana Plants on Reclaimed Land After Coal Mining
Full text linkThe majority of coal mining is done using open pit mining techniques, which have an effect and present a challenge to changes in the chemical, physical, and biological characteristics of the soil. Restoration of ecosystems damaged by mining activities is prioritized through revegetation of reclaimed land. The purpose of this study is to evaluate how well Angsana plants develop faster in coal mining reclamation zones when they are planted directly. Field data and observations are utilized to assess the growth of plants that are directly planted in land reclaimed after mining activities. The growth parameters that are observed involve counting the number of leaves for plants using both seedlings and stem-cutting planting materials. The results showed that the average leaf growth in seedling planting material treated with bokashi fertilizer exhibited normal growth with more leaf characteristics compared to the control treatment. However, during the period of 2 to 4 weeks after planting, abscission occurred in leaf growth. The growth in the number of leaves on the seedling planting material was observed from 6 weeks after planting until the end of the study. Meanwhile, the average leaf growth on the planting material of cuttings occurred from 4 weeks after planting to 12 weeks after planting. However, slow leaf growth was noted in the planting material of cuttings treated with coal fertilizer at a dose of 1 kg/planting hole, where leaf growth occurred 11 weeks after planting
Spatial Dynamics of Mangrove Changes and Their Adaptive Capacity in Kandanghaur District, Indramayu Regency, West Java Province, Indonesia
Full text linkThis study aims to analyze mangrove ecosystems' dynamics and adaptive capacity in the Kandanghaur District, Indramayu Regency. This research method uses a spatial approach, collecting mangrove distribution data by analyzing Google Earth satellite images from 2009, 2016, and 2023. Data on environmental characteristics, mangrove vegetation density, and mangrove species identification were collected through direct field ground checks using the line transect method. Data analysis techniques were applied by implementing the mangrove ecosystem's adaptive capacity formulation. The results show that mangroves in Kandanghaur District from 2009 to 2023 increased by 70.03 hectares, and the majority of mangroves are distributed along the coast, water channels, and community ponds with a silvofishery system. The adaptive capacity of mangroves in Kandanghaur District varies from low to high, with high adaptive capacity located in two villages, namely Ilir Village and Parean Girang Village, with adaptive capacity values of 0.66 and 0.63, respectively. Mangroves with medium adaptive capacity are in Bulak Village with an adaptive capacity value of 0.60, and mangroves with low adaptive capacity are in Eretan Wetan and Eretan Kulon Villages with an adaptive capacity of 0.40
The Potential of Fast-Growing Tree Species in Biomass and Soil Organic Carbon Stock and Its Implications for Climate Change Mitigation in Western Ethiopia
Full text linkPlantations of fast-growing tree species are important in climate change mitigation efforts because of their enormous potential for carbon storage and the potential affected mainly by tree species type and composition, which influence particular carbon pools in the system. This study estimates biomass and soil organic carbon (SOC) under selected fast-growing tree species in Ethiopia's Diksis district, Oromia region. Major parameters, height (H) and diameter at breast height (DBH), were measured in permanently sampled plots (9mx9m) with three replications to evaluate the biomass carbon stock of selected species. Soil samples (0–15 and 15-30 cm) were also collected to determine soil organic carbon (SOC) and bulk density. Above and below-ground biomass (AGB) and (BGB) were calculated using the site and species-specific allometric equations, and SOC was analysed using appropriate procedures in the laboratory. The results showed that the highest total biomass carbon stock was recorded for Eucalyptus globulus (5.7Mg C ha-1), and the lowest was recorded for Eucalyptus grandis (1.2 Mg C ha-1). Amongst the studied tree species, the highest and lowest mean total soil organic carbon (SOC) was recorded for Eucalyptus saligna (60 Mg C ha-1) and Eucalyptus viminalis (35.4 Mg C ha-1), respectively. The study also revealed that plantation sites could enhance carbon stock accumulation in biomass and soil organic carbon. Hence, considering that incorporating fast-growing tree species in plantations is helpful in climate change mitigation strategies is a preeminent approach beyond their economic values