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A novel drug prejudice scaffold-imidazopyridine-conjugate can promote cell death in a colorectal cancer model by binding to β-catenin and suppressing the Wnt signaling pathway
No full textGlobally, colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common type of cancer, and its treatment frequently includes the utilization of drugs based on antibodies and small molecules. The development of CRC has been linked to various signaling pathways, with the Wnt/b-catenin pathway identified as a key target for intervention. Objectives: We have explored the impact of imidazopyridine-tethered chalcone-C (CHL-C) in CRC models. Methods: To determine the influence of CHL-C on apoptosis and autophagy, Western blot analysis, annexin V assay, cell cycle analysis, acridine orange staining, and immunocytochemistry were performed. Next, the activation of the Wnt/(3-catenin signaling pathway and the anti-cancer effects of CHL-C in vivo were examined in an orthotopic HCT-116 mouse model. Results: We describe the synthesis and biological assessment of the CHL series as inhibitors of the viability of HCT-116, SW480, HT-29, HCT-15, and SNU-C2A CRC cell lines. Further biological evaluations showed that CHL-C induced apoptosis and autophagy in down-regulated (3-catenin, Wnt3a, FZD-1, Axin-1, and p-GSK-3(3 (Ser9), and up-regulated p-GSK3(3 (Tyr216) and (3-TrCP. In-depth analysis using structure-based bioinformatics showed that CHL-C strongly binds to (3-catenin, with a binding affinity comparable to that of ICG-001, a well-known (3-catenin inhibitor. Additionally, our in vivo research showed that CHL-C markedly inhibited tumor growth and triggered the activation of both apoptosis and autophagy in tumor tissues. Conclusion: CHL-C is capable of inducing apoptosis and autophagy by influencing the Wnt/(3-catenin signaling pathway. (c) 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Cairo University. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
Selenium Mitigates Caerulein and LPS-induced Severe Acute Pancreatitis by Inhibiting MAPK, NF-κB, and STAT3 Signaling via the Nrf2/HO-1 Pathway
No full textSevere acute pancreatitis (SAP) leads to systemic inflammation, resulting in multiorgan damage. Acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome develop in one-third of SAP patients, with a high mortality rate of 60% due to secondary complications. Patients with pancreatitis often have selenium deficiency, and selenium supplements may provide beneficial effects. This study examined the protective role of selenium in a model of SAP induced by caerulein + lipopolysaccharide (cae + LPS). Mice were administered selenium (1 mg/kg) before being challenged with caerulein (6 injections of 50 mu g/kg) and LPS (10 mg/kg). At 3 h after the last caerulein injection, blood was collected for estimating pancreatic enzymes and cytokine levels, and the mice were euthanized. We performed morphological and histological studies, measured levels of protease and oxidative stress markers and conducted western blot, ELISA, and RT-qPCR analyses. We examined lung tissue histologically and estimated myeloperoxidase levels. Selenium pretreatment significantly reduced pancreatic enzyme levels such as amylase, lipase, and proteases (specifically MMPs) and reversed tissue injury in the pancreas and lungs caused by cae + LPS. In addition, selenium-treated mice showed decreased levels of inflammatory markers and chemokines. Examination of the downstream inflammatory pathways confirmed the protective effect of selenium, which mediates its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant action by inhibiting the major inflammatory signaling pathways (MAPKs, NF-kappa B, and STAT3) and activating the phosphorylation of Nrf2 via Nrf2/HO-1 pathways. These findings suggest that selenium may be a potential therapeutic option for treating SAP-associated secondary complications
Integrating cognitive machines into judicial processes: A frontier in legal intelligence
No full textThe rapid evolution of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies presents a transformative
opportunity for judicial systems worldwide. Integrating Cognitive Machines into Judicial
Processes: A Frontier in Legal Intelligence explores the emerging interface between law
and machine intelligence, examining how AI-powered tools—particularly cognitive
machines—can augment legal decision-making, enhance administrative efficiency, and
broaden access to justice. This paper provides an in-depth analysis of technologies such as
data mining, natural language processing (NLP), machine learning, and big data analytics,
emphasizing their roles in legal research, case prediction, and automated translation. It
also investigates the ongoing digital transformation within the Indian judicial system,
highlighting initiatives such as e-filing, the Inter-Operable Criminal Justice System (ICJS),
NSTEP for process service, and the National Judicial Data Grid (NJDG). The study
underscores how mobile legal applications and natural language-based advisory systems
are enabling more inclusive and responsive legal services. Ultimately, the integration of
cognitive technologies into judicial workflows signals a paradigm shift toward more
intelligent, efficient, and citizen-centric legal systems
An eco-friendly eugenol benzoxazine curcumin epoxy composites with modified nanocarbon fillers for enhanced corrosion protection
Get PDFThe current study demonstrates the development of an eco-friendly and sustainable anti-corrosion coating ma-
terial derived from eugenol and curcumin. The eugenol benzoxazine-curcumin epoxy (EBCE) composite coating
material was fabricated by blending the different ratios of EB and curcumin-based epoxy (CE) resin. Graphene
oxide (GO) and multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) are amine functionalized with 5-amino-2,4-di-tert-butyl-
phenol separately, and their effects on the anti-corrosion efficacy of EBCE was evaluated. The synthesized ma-
terials were characterized by FT-IR, XRD, Raman spectroscopy, XPS, EDX, FE-SEM, TGA, TEM, and SAED
techniques. The surface morphology, hydrophobicity, and nature of the coatings were examined by AFM, contact
angle (CA) measurements, and crosshatch adhesion test. The barrier performance of the coatings was ascertained
using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and salt spray analysis (SSA). The EBCE (1:1) coating
showed the CA of 77.47◦, and coating and charge transfer resistances (Rc and Rct) in the range of 105 Ω cm2.
Induction of 0.3 wt% functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotube (FMWCNT) into EBCE coating reliably
enhanced the corrosion resistance property (Rc and Rct = 106 Ω cm2), and hydrophobicity (113.10◦) up to 40th
day of immersion. Some of the reported coating formulations showed lesser Rct (≤105 Ω cm2) and hydrophobicity
(<110◦) compared to EBCE/FMWCNT (0.3 wt%) coatings. The higher surface area of FMWCNT core and
compatibility with CE significantly enhanced the adhesion property of EBCE, and also densely occupy the voids
in the coating matrix. Thus, EBCE (1:1) with 0.3 wt% FMWCNT demonstrated as a prospective material in anti-
corrosion studies
Investigation of the structural, dielectric and elasto-mechanical properties of tamarind, coir, and mesta fibres
Get PDFThis study investigates the potential of few natural fibres such as Tamarind, Coir, and Mesta as sustainable alternatives to synthetic fibres. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and dielectric analysis were employed to evaluate their elasto-mechanical and dielectric properties. Rietveld refinement provided detailed insights into the crystal structures, revealing distinct polysaccharide, lignin, cellulose, and lignocellulosic components in Tamarind, Coir, and Mesta fibres. Crystallite sizes were determined using the Scherrer equation to analyse spatial variations. Elastic properties characterized with Treloar's Principle and ELATE demonstrated significant anisotropy: Tamarind exhibited high stiffness, Coir showed variable stiffness and shear resistance, and Mesta displayed the highest stiffness. SEM analysis revealed Tamarind's rough, densely packed structure, Coir's coarse, interwoven network, and Mesta's uniform fibrous arrangement. EDS analysis shows Mesta has the highest C/O ratio at 1.18, compared to 0.86 for Coir and 0.91 for Tamarind. Dielectric studies showed varying dielectric constants, impedance, and conductivity across frequencies. Coir had the highest dielectric constant at lower frequencies, Tamarind showed the highest impedance at low frequencies, and all fibres exhibited increased conductivity with frequency, with Tamarind showing the most significant rise. The study findings demonstrate the significant potential of these fibres in sustainable food chemistry, particularly for biodegradable packaging, processing, and bio-composites in academic and industrial sectors
Optical tuning and dual luminescence behavior of MgGa2O4:Dy3+for optoelectronic and dosimetric applications
No full textThe present study reports the synthesis, structural, morphological, and luminescence properties of Dy3+doped MgGa2O4nanoparticles prepared by solution combustion method. The PXRD spectra confirmed the pure and highly crystalline cubic spinel structure MgGa2O4:Dy3+nanoparticles. FTIR results inferred the characteristic metal-oxygen bonds of Mg-O and Ga-O. SEM and TEM micrographs demonstrated the compact and uniformly distributed particles of ∼30 nm in size for Dy3+doped MgGa2O4nanoparticles. The optical bandgap, was found to be ∼4.90 eV for pure sample whereas, with increasing Dy3+dopant ion concentration the bangap increased up to 4.99 eV. Photoluminescence (PL) spectra revealed the characteristic Dy3+emissions at 482, 577, and 665 nm, with a dominant yellow emission at 577 nm, making the material suitable for optoelectronic applications. The decay lifetime significantly increased from 121.26 μs (pure) to 399.17 μs (9 mol% Dy3+), indicating efficient luminescence persistence due to improved energy transfer and reduced non-radiative recombination. And quantum efficiency of 51.23 % was observed in 9 mol% Dy3+doped MgGa2O4samples. The color chromaticity values exhibits that these materials have high potential for warm white LEDs applications.Further, TL properties carried out for 500 Gy gamma irradiated MgGa2O4:Dy3+(7 mol%) shows a prominent peak at 201 °C. The detailed kinetic parameter analysis confirmed second-order TL behavior with an activation energy of 0.89 eV, indicating its suitability for medium-dose radiation dosimetry. The research findings of Dy3+doped MgGa2O4acts as a promising phosphor for advanced photonic technologies and radiation dosimetry applications. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.r.l. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies
An Electrochemically Polymerized Glycine-Modified Carbon Paste Sensor for the Analysis of Carmoisine in the Presence of Environmentally Significant Dyes
No full textIn the present work, we have conducted a sensitive and selective analysis of carmoisine (CMS) using a newly developed electrochemically polymerized glycine-modified carbon paste electrode (EPGMCPE). The EPGMCPE shows maximum current responses of CMS as compared to an unmodified carbon paste electrode (UMCPE) in 0.2 M phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) at pH 6.5, using a scan rate of 0.1 V/s. The evaluation and characterization of both the EPGMCPE and UMCPE were carried out using cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Compared to the UMCPE, the EPGMCPE showed an outstanding peak current and parameters such as pH study, active surface area, concentration variations. In DPV, the EPGMCPE showed a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.23 µM and limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.79 µM, respectively. In CV, the LOD and LOQ were 0.16 µM and 0.55 µM, respectively. Furthermore, the modified electrode exhibited excellent sensitivity for detecting CMS, even in the simultaneous presence of indigo carmine (IC), methyl orange (MO), and methyl red (MR). In addition, the EPGMCPE shows good stability, reproducibility, and repeatability. Analytical applicability of the electrode was confirmed through the detection of CMS in real soft drink and tap water samples. © The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society 2025
Artificial Intelligence as a new technological frontier in judicial governance
No full textArtificial Intelligence (AI) has evolved from a long-standing technological idea to a quickly developing instrument that is becoming more and more important for legal organizations. Despite the fact that AI technology have been around for decades, their incorporation into legal and law enforcement systems is a relatively new development. These days, artificial intelligence (AI) has great potential for the administration of justice, including better procedural efficiency, increased access to justice, improved capacity for crime detection and prevention, and improved decision-support for judges. These opportunities come with significant institutional, ethical, and legal obstacles, though. There are issues with algorithmic bias, accountability, transparency, and the defense of fundamental rights when AI is used in legal settings. In their capacity as defenders of the constitution and human rights, judges are essential in making sure AI systems used in legal proceedings adhere to the law. Courts are increasingly depending on constitutional safeguards, international human rights legislation, and data-protection frameworks to reduce the risks associated with discriminatory or opaque AI systems, as seen by emerging jurisprudence. To fulfil this role effectively, judicial actors require a robust understanding of AI technologies and their intersection with human rights norms. The necessity of enhancing judicial competence to assess, control, and supervise AI within justice systems is emphasized in this essay, which explores AI as a developing area for the judiciary
Recent Advances in Biological Removal of Chlorpyrifos from the Environment
No full textOrganophosphorus pesticides are primarily implicated in agricultural practice to protect crops against pests and diseases and to meet large economic demands of the ever increasing population. Chlorpyrifos (CPF), an organophosphorus pesticide member has been identified as an emerging contaminant worldwide; the pervasive use of which is documented to be hazardous to humans and the environment. The deleterious effects are attributed to the stable persistence of the pesticide (CPF) and its metabolite 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP) in the environmental habitats affecting soil microbial ecosystems, accelerating bioaccumulation, eventually threatening terrestrial and marine organisms in food webs. Hence, effective and sustainable strategies that focus on on-site degradation of CPF are critically looked forward. Microbial remediation processes have attracted considerable interest in recent years, offering an effective and eco-friendly approach by converting CPF to non-toxic forms. Microbial-mediated degradation is assisted by a broad spectrum of bacteria and fungi causing enzymatic breakdown of CPF. Although several reports highlight on microbial-mediated biodegradation of CPF, bioconversions that produce less harmful intermediates are anticipated. Recent advances indicated novel technologies utilizing microbial-plant symbiotic systems in mitigating toxic effects of CPF. The approach benefits from reducing CPF to safer levels and minimizing the formation of toxic metabolites. However, factors including pH, temperature, nutrient amendments, and soil moisture, needs optimization for maximizing effective bioremediation, contributing to a safer and healthier environment. The review highlights recent advances in CPF removal from environment, emphasising on on-site bioremediation strategies through microbial communities and microbial-plant symbiotic systems providing valuable insights for future researchers, ecologists, and botanists. © University of Tehran 2025
Assessment of Contralateral Suppression of Acoustic Reflex Latency Test (CSARLT) among individuals with tinnitus using visual and auditory attention tasks
No full textAbstract
Objectives: The present study assessed the effectiveness of Contralateral Suppression of Acoustic Reflex Latency Test (CSARLT) in assessing efferent auditory function in patients with tinnitus. The latency parameters were assessed using CSARLT during auditory and visual attention tasks. Design: The study included one-time baseline ARLT measurement, CSARLT, CSARLT with a visual attention task, and CSARLT with auditory attention task, across different frequencies. Study sample: The study comprised of two groups with 15 subjects each. Control group included participants with normal hearing without tinnitus. The other group included subjects with normal hearing sensitivity or minimal hearing loss with tinnitus in one or both ears. Results: With increase in frequency, the control group showed latency prolongation during both attention tasks whereas in tinnitus group, latency prolongation was noticed only during visual attention task (p < 0.05). Conclusion: There are noticeable deficits in auditory efferent system in individuals with tinnitus. Patients with tinnitus exhibit poorer auditory attention than visual attention. Our results indicate that attention may be differentially affected in tinnitus patients, with auditory attention showing relatively greater impairment than visual attention. However, given the exploratory nature of this study, these findings should be interpreted with caution and validated in larger cohorts. The latency changes explained using CSARLT can be a good clinical measure for assessing the function of auditory efferents. © The Author(s) 2025