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Prediction of thermal and energy transport of MHD Sutterby hybrid nanofluid flow with activation energy using Group Method of Data Handling (GMDH)
Get PDFThe present research work pursues GMDH for predicting thermal and energy transport of 2-D radiative magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow of hybrid Sutterby nanofluid across a moving wedge with activation energy. An exclusive class of nanoparticles SWCNT-Fe(3)O(4 )and MWCNT-Fe3O4 are dispersed into the ethylene glycol as regular fluid. The hybrid nanofluid mathematical model has been written as a system of partial differential equations (PDEs), which are then converted into ordinary differential equations (ODEs) through similarity replacements. Numerical solutions are attained Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg's fourth fifth-order (RKF-45) scheme by adopting the shooting technique. The ranges of diverse sundry parameters used in our study are Hartree parameter 0.1 <= m <= 0.5, magnetic parameter 0.3 <= M <= 1, Deborah number 0.1 <= De <= 1, moving wedge parameter 0.3 <= gamma <= 0.9, Reynolds number 0 <= Re <= 2.5, solid volume fraction of Fe3O4 and CNTs0.005 <= phi(1) <= 0.1,0.005 <= phi(2) <= 0.06, Browanian motion 0.1 <= Nb <= 0.4, thermophoresis parameter 0.1 <= Nt <= 0.25, Eckeret number 0.05 <= Ec <= 1, radiation parameter 1 <= R-d <= 2.5, Lewis number 0.5 <= Le <= 1.5, chemical reaction rate 0.1 <= sigma <= 0.7, heat source parameter, 0 <= delta <= 1.5 and activation energy 1 <= E <= 4 which shows up during the speed, thermal, and focus for Fe3O4/C2H6O2 nanofluid and CNTs-Fe3O4/C2H6O2 hybrid nanofluid. Additionally, the friction coefficient (C-fx), rate of heat transport (H-tx), and rate of nanoparticle transport (Nt(x) are calculated using GMDH. The numerical results for the current analysis are illustrated via tables, graphs, and contour plots. The efficiency of the proposed GMDH models is assessed using statistical measures such as MSE, MAE, RMSE, R, Error mean and Error StD. The predicted values are very close to the numerical results, and the coefficient of determination R-2 of C-fx,N-tx, and H-tx are 1, 0.97836 and 0.9960, respectively, which shows the best settlement
A study on passengers’ satisfaction levels on upcoming airport cities
No full textcustomer’s satisfaction levels will be affected by a number of factors. In the result of multivariate model most of the variables are correlated. Dimension reduction technique refers a large number of correlated variables into fewer factors. In general, one of the most widely used dimension reduction techniques is factor analysis, in which large number of variables are reduced to a fewer number of variables using principal component analysis, an unsupervised algorithm that focuses on maximizing data point variation while ignoring cases and categories, resulting in the loss of some data.it functions as a classifier and a model for predicting customer satisfaction. The main goal of the paper is to use discriminate analysis to identify passenger satisfaction levels on factors related to the modes of transportation they use, classify them into the appropriate groups based on the cases, and build a predictive satisfaction model
Linguistic Movements and Political Heterogeneity: Rethinking Unification Movement across British and ‘Princely’ Karnataka
Get PDFSubsequent to the Partition of Bengal in 1905, the consolidation of linguistic identities and movements emerged as an important assertion of core democratic values, positing that governance must be in a language intelligible to the majority. Like other linguistic movements in late-colonial India, the Karnataka Ekikarana (Karnataka unification) movement did not proceed with a spatially uniform logic nor followed a uniform temporality in realising its objectives of uniting Kannada speakers from disparate sub-regions. Attempting to reconcile elite literary ambitions, popular aspirations and political differences, the movement shifted gears through several phases as it worked across multiple territorial jurisdictions and political systems, including the demarcations of British India and princely India.Focussing on the period between 1860 and 1938, the present article examines the heterogeneous nature of the unification movement across British-Karnataka and two Kannada-speaking princely states, namely, Mysore in the south and Jamakhandi in the north. It explores the ways in which the ruling family of ‘model’ Mysore sought legitimacy in embracing their Kannada heritage; in contrast, the Jamakhandi rulers resisted any concession to Kannada linguistic sentiments. The article shows how, in arriving at monolingually indexed territorial entities, the bridging of ‘internal’ frontiers across these divergent political and linguistic contours proved just as crucial as the claiming of dominance over other language groups within an intensely polyglot world
Hydrothermal from — Geology to Nanotechnology and Nanogeoscience (Part — II)
Get PDFHydrothermal process from a pure geologic science has now become one of the fast-emerging processing technologies to synthesize nanomaterials in the laboratory. Today it is an advanced technological tool, which facilitates to obtain nanomaterials and nanoparticles with desired size, shape, quality and functionality. In fact, hydrothermal technique has its bearing on the nature-inspired or geo-mimetic processes that are being employed extensively in the laboratory. The natural hydrothermal processes are acting ever since earth came into existence, and leading to the formation of a large variety of minerals, rocks and ores. Earth is a blue planet of the universe, where water is a major component which plays an important role in the formation of geological materials and hydrothermal circulation has always assisted by bacteria, photochemical and other related activities. The synthesis of advanced technological materials often occurs in the presence of biomolecules, proteins, organic ligands, DNA and amino acids. An understanding of nanogeoscience is becoming very relevant in the current context and is crossing into almost all the branches of geology including palaeoecology, mineralogy, environmental geology, energy geology, geochemistry, etc. Similarly, the hydrothermal processes in nature cover several branches of geology whether it is the origin of ores, minerals, rocks, but also life on the earth. In the present review, the authors discuss all the above aspects in detail with a future perspective of the field. Also, the authors have described the evolution of hydrothermal process from pure geology to the nanotechnology, nanogeoscience, nano-geopolymers, etc., with specific examples and depicted its relevance to the geologic science
Pyrrolidine-based cationic gamma-peptide: a DNA-binding molecule works as a potent anti-gene agent
Get PDFPyrrolidine-based cationic peptides showing high stability to enzyme degradation and strong binding affinity towards DNA are widely investigated as tools to interfere in gene expression. Several studies have been focused on gamma-peptide analogs with modifications on the peptide backbone in the attempt to overcome solubility, uptake, and aggregation issues. Pyrrolidine-based gamma-peptide derivatives having two different modes of backbone conformation show interesting properties in terms of secondary structure and affinity of binding towards nucleic acids. In this paper, we illustrate our results obtained on two cationic 8-mer gamma-peptides Gp1 and Gp2, and how they differ in side-chain spacing along the backbone was tested for DNA binding and DNA transfection activity. Both gamma-peptides are stable toward protease digestion. Gp1 binds to DNA more tightly than GP2. This binding ability of Gp1 is attributed to its characteristic of single-chain PPII-like conformation. The Gpl shows a reduction in its electrophoretic mobility when treated with plasmid DNA. The DNA transfection ability of gamma-peptide Gp1 was compared with commercially available transfection reagent Effectene. In each case, Gp1 significantly enhanced the transfection efficiency (40%) of plasmid in Schneider cells compared to the commercial reagent (18%). The other gamma-peptide GP2 is not active. GRAPHICS]
Design, synthesis of pyridine coupled pyrimidinone/pyrimidinthione as anti-MRSA agent: Validation by molecular docking and dynamics simulation
No full textMethicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major cause of severe hospital and infections acquired by the population and related morbidity and mortality. In this unique situation, there is a need of dynamic strong drug candidates to control MRSA diseases. Thus, the present work focuses on the synthesis and characterization of pyrimidinones and pyrimidinthiones coupled pyridine derivatives as anti-MRSA agent. The synthesized compounds were characterized by different spectroscopic techniques and evaluated against MRSA strain. Among them, 4e and 4g possessed better antibacterial activity with MIC values of 10 mu g and 8 mu g respectively. The key determinant of the wide range beta-lactam resistance in MRSA strains is the Penicillin-Binding Protein 2a (PBP2a) but the gene encodes PBP2a which has a low affinity towards beta-lactam antibiotics. Because of this, the present investigation focused on the mechanism of PBP2a protein binding studies by in-silico studies. The synthesized compounds showed very good interactions with PBP2A compared with standard drug Vancomycin, among them compound 4g showed better interaction with the binding score of 9.8 kcal/mol. Antibacterial activity was validated with molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation. Simulation results revealed that protein-ligand interactions of 4g compound stably sustained up to 20,000ps
Linking Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms with Diet Quality of University Students: A Cross-Sectional Study during the COVID-19 Pandemic in India
No full textThis study examines the association of depressive and anxiety symptoms with diet quality among university students while controlling for different demographic and other health and lifestyle factors. This cross-sectional study was carried out between April 2021 and June 2021 among a total of 440 (unweighted) university students. Diet quality was assessed using a 10-item mini-dietary assessment index tool. The depressive and anxiety symptoms of participants were measured using the validated Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) scale, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression and mediation analyses were performed. In this study, 61.1 (95 CI: 56.6 to 65.7) of university students’ diet quality was good during the COVID-19 pandemic. Being a post-graduate student, an urban resident, having no depressive (AOR = 2.15, 95 CI: 1.20 to 3.84) and anxiety symptoms (AOR = 1.96, 95 CI: 1.07 to 3.59), no changes or improvement in appetite, and no changes in sleep duration were significantly associated with good diet quality among our study participants. Depressive and anxiety symptoms during COVID-19 had a significant effect on the diet quality of university students. Future public health policies need to be focused on improving the mental health and well-being of students particularly during pandemic situations to enhance their diet quality
Molecular dynamics simulation study on Bacillus subtilis EngA: the presence of Mg2+ at the active-sites promotes the functionally important conformation
No full textEngA, a GTPase contains two GTP binding domains GD1, GD2], and the C-terminal KH domain shown to be involved in the later stages of ribosome maturation. Association of EngA to the ribosomal subunit in the intermediate stage of maturation is essential for complete ribosome maturation. However, this association was shown to be dependent on the nucleotide bound combinations. This nucleotide dependent association tendency is attributed to the conformational changes that occur among different nucleotide bound combinations. Therefore, to explore the conformational changes, all-atom molecular dynamics simulations for Bacillus subtilis EngA in different nucleotide bound combinations along with the presence or absence of Mg2+ in the active-sites were carried out. The presence of Mg2+ along with the bound nucleotide at the GD2 active-site dictates the GD2-Sw-II mobility, but the GD1-Sw-II mobility has not shown any nucleotide or Mg2+ dependent movement. However, the GD1-Sw-II secondary conformations are shown to be influenced by the GD2 nucleotide bound state. This allosteric connection between the GD2 active-site and the GD1-Sw-II is also observed through the dynamic network analysis. Further, the exploration of the GD1-KH interface interactions exhibited a more attractive tendency when GD1 is bound to GTP-Mg2+. In addition, the presence of Mg2+ stabilizes active-site water and also increases the distances between the alpha- and gamma- phosphates of the bound GTP. Curiously, three water molecules in the GD1 active-site and only one water molecule in the GD2 active-site are stabilized. This indicates that the probability of GTP hydrolysis is more in GD1 compared to GD2.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarm
War crime in Afghanistan
Get PDFWar crimes are identified with violations of the law of war at the time of armed conflict. It is an extensive concept and if any harm is caused to mankind during peacetime, it is regarded as a war crime. Any kind of infringement of human rights falls under war crimes. The suffering of Afghans was ignored by the world for a couple of decades but what is not acceptable is that Afghanistan’s government is doing the same. Afghanistan does not have any substantial law on genocide. War crimes in Afghanistan include acts such as abuse of civilians or prisoners of war. It is important to deal with the problem of genocide and related violence. Hence, war crimes in Afghanistan are violations of international humanitarian laws incurring
individual criminal responsibility and must be adequately investigated
Potentiation of paraquat toxicity by inhibition of the antioxidant defenses and protective effect of the natural antioxidant, 4-hydroxyisopthalic acid in Drosophila melanogaster
No full textExposure to pesticides such as paraquat (PQ) is known to induce oxidative stress-mediated damage, which is implicated in neurodegenerative diseases. The antioxidant enzymes are part of the endogenous defense mechanisms capable of protecting against oxidative damage, and down-regulation of these enzymes results in elevated oxidative stress. In this study, we have evaluated the protective action of 4-hydroxyisophthalic acid (DHA-I), a novel bioactive molecule from the roots of D. hamiltonii, against PQ toxicity and demonstrated the protective role of endogenous antioxidant enzymes under the condition of oxidative stress using Drosophila model. The activity of the major antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) and catalase, was suppressed either by RNAimediated post transcriptional gene silencing or chemical inhibition. With the decreased in vivo activity of either SOD1 or catalase, Drosophila exhibited hypersensitivity to PQ toxicity, demonstrating the essential role of antioxidant enzymes in the mechanism of defense against PQ-induced oxidative stress. Dietary supplementation of DHA-I increased the resistance of Drosophila depleted in either SOD1 or catalase to PQ toxicity. Enhanced survival of flies against PQ toxicity indicates the protective role of DHA-I against oxidative stress-mediated damage under the condition of compromised antioxidant defenses