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Syntheses and crystal structures of benzyl N′-[(E)-2-hydroxybenzylidene]hydrazinecarboxylate and benzyl N′-[(E)-5-bromo-2-hydroxybenzylidene]hydrazinecarboxylate
No full textBenzyl N′-[(E)-2-hydroxybenzylidene]hydrazinecarboxylate, C15H14N2O3 (I) and benzyl N′-[(E)-5-bromo-2-hydroxybenzylidene]hydrazinecarboxylate (II), C15H13BrN2O3, have been synthesized by the reaction of either 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde or 5-bromo-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde with benzyl carbazate, respectively. Both the compounds crystallize in the monoclinic crystal system with space groups Pn (Z′ = 1, I) and P21/c (Z′ = 2, II). Molecular conformations in each structure are similar, and both structures feature strong intramolecular O—H⋯N hydrogen bonds, which form S(6) ring motifs. There are also strong N—H⋯O and weak C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds in both structures, but their modes of packing within their respective crystals are markedly different. Some comparisons are made with the structures of a few related compounds
3-(3-Nitrophenyl)-1-[4-(prop-2-ynyloxy)phenyl]prop-2-en-1-one
No full textThe structure of the title compound, C18H13NO4, shows that the whole molecule is almost planar but with a dihedral angle between the two phenyl rings of 19.22 (5)°. The molecules are linked by C—H⋯O interactions, forming sheets in the (21[\overline{1}]) plane
Synthesis and crystal structure of 2-chloro-1-(3-hydroxyphenyl)ethanone
No full textThe structure of 2-chloro-1-(3-hydroxyphenyl)ethanone, C8H7ClO2, an α-haloketone is described. The molecule is planar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.0164 Å) and in the crystal, inversion-symmetric dimers are formed as a result of pairs of strong O—H⋯O and weak C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. A brief comparison is made with structurally related compounds deposited in the CSD. In addition, the synthesis and some spectroscopic details are presented
Recognition of compound characters in Kannada language
No full textRecognition of degraded printed compound Kannada characters is a challenging research problem. It has been verified experimentally that noise removal is an essential preprocessing step. Proposed are two methods for degraded Kannada character recognition problem. Method 1 is conventionally used histogram of oriented gradients (HOG) feature extraction for character recognition problem. Extracted features are transformed and reduced using principal component analysis (PCA) and classification performed. Various classifiers are experimented with. Simple compound character classification is satisfactory (more than 98% accuracy) with this method. However, the method does not perform well on other two compound types. Method 2 is deep convolutional neural networks (CNN) model for classification. This outperforms HOG features and classification. The highest classification accuracy is found as 98.8% for simple compound character classification. The performance of deep CNN is far better for other two compound types. Deep CNN turns out to better for pooled character classes
Role of International Criminal Court under Humanitarian Law: A Two Pillar Approaches to Palestine
No full textThe paper, by briefly analyzing the case study of Palestine, attempts to establish that the intervention of ICC, as a Court of last resort that employs the ideals of impartiality and judicial autonomy, was and continues to be a legal necessity in the war-torn Palestine region ill-equipped with required judicial measures and a lack of political will. The paper also attempts to answer whether, in light of the criticism, the presence of ICC in the Palestine continent overweighs its absence in the region and will proceed to shed some light on the peace versus justice debate and its appropriateness in the given context. The purpose of the study is to critically examine such arguments and challenge their validity in light of the impartial operation of the ICC. The study provides a historical overview of the ICC's relationships with Palestine. It then aims to identify the justifications advanced by various parties for the ICC's perceived bias against Palestine and seeks to assess whether these justifications are valid objectively. The methodology adopted for the present study is doctrinal and critical inquiry. The researcher has also taken recourse to various primary and secondary sources such as Case laws, Books on particular subject matter, Peer/blind reviewed journal articles, Reports of various Palestinen Commissions, News articles etc. have been used in order to study, analyze and to identify various issues, criticisms and problems that pertain to this area of interest. The case laws and a bunch of articles have been referred to in order to understand ICC’s response to such claims and criticisms
Lingayat Assertions of Identity in Colonial Karnataka: Caste, Census and Politics of Representation
No full textIn the wider context of how census enumeration has been studied with varied academic interests in South Asian history, this article focuses on how the Lingayats of Karnataka, since the colonial period, received, negotiated and manipulated their hurtful description in the 1881 Census as a low-caste Hindu community, defending themselves against British and Brahmins’ misuse of taxonomic navigation
Assessment of the effects of sodium nitrate (NaNO3) on the reproductive system, liver, pancreas, and kidney of male rats
No full textNitrate (NO3) toxicity is a serious global issue that results in impairment of physiological systems of our body. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of different concentration of NaNO3 (10, 100, 500 and 1000 mg/kg bw) on the male reproductive system, liver, kidney and pancreas. Adult male Wistar rats were divided into five groups of five animals each (n = 5). The first group served as controls. The second, third, fourth and fifth groups of rat were orally intubated with 10, 100, 500 and 1000 mg/kg bw of NaNO3 for 52 days. After the treatment period, the rats were sacrificed and NO3 induced alterations on selected organs were assessed. There was a dose dependent decrease in sperm motility, serum concentration of testosterone, body weight and organ weight, and increase in abnormal sperm morphology in the NaNO3 treated groups compared with the controls. Further, histological analysis confirmed that NO3 induced toxicity. Shrunken seminiferous tubules and loss of spermatids in testes, shrinkage of acinar cells of the pancreas, sinusoidal congestion and necrosis in the liver, atrophy of glomeruli and congestion of renal tubules of the kidney were the histological alterations observed in rats treated with100 and 500 mg/kg NaNO3. However, 100% mortality was observed in rats treated with 1000 mg/kg NaNO3. The present study clearly demonstrated the toxic effects of NaNO3 on both the reproductive system and other organs of the body. The study might inform human studies; where in the chances of male infertility may be more a problem for individuals in areas with NO3�rich ground water
Prioritizing Candidate Genes for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus using Integrated Network and Pathway Analysis
Get PDFBackground: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) has emerged as a major threat to global health that fosters life-threatening clinical complications, taking a huge toll on our society. More than 65 million Indians suffer from T2DM, making it one of the leading causes of death. T2DM and associated complications have to be constantly monitored and managed which reduces the overall quality of life and increases socioeconomic burden. Therefore, it is crucial to develop specific treatment and management strategies. In order to achieve this, it is essential to understand the underlying genetic causes and molecular mechanisms.
Methods: Integrated gene network and ontology analyses facilitate prioritization of plausible candidate genes for T2DM and also aid in understanding their mechanistic pathways. In this study, T2DM-associated genes were subjected to sequential interaction network and gene set enrichment analysis. High ranking network clusters were derived and their interrelation with pathways was assessed.
Results: About 23 significant candidate genes were prioritized from 615 T2DM-associ-ated genes which were overrepresented in pathways related to insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, signaling cascades such as insulin receptor signaling pathway, PI3K signaling, IGFR signaling pathway, ERBB signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway and their regulatory mechanisms.
Conclusion: Of these, two tyrosine kinase receptor genes-EGFR and IGF1R were identified as common nodes and can be considered to be significant candidate genes in T2DM
Preparation of Silver Decorated Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanohybrid for Effective Photocatalytic Degradation of Indigo Carmine Dye
Get PDFBackground: Even though silver decorated reduced graphene oxide (Ag-rGO) shows max-
imum absorptivity in the UV region, most of the research on the degradation of dyes using Ag-rGO is
in the visible region. Therefore the present work focused on the photocatalytic degradation of indigo
carmine (IC) dye in the presence of Ag-rGO as a catalyst by UV light irradiation.
Methods: In this context, silver-decorated reduced graphene oxide hybrid material was fabricated and
explored its potential for the photocatalytic degradation of aqueous IC solution in the UV region. The
decoration of Ag nanoparticles on the surface of the rGO nanosheets is evidenced by TEM analysis.
The extent of mineralization of the dye was measured by estimating chemical oxygen demand (COD)
values before and after irradiation.
Results: The synthesized Ag-rGO binary composites displayed excellent photocatalytic activity in 2
Χ 10-5 M IC concentration and 5mg catalyst loading. The optical absorption spectrum of Ag-rGO
showed that the energy band-gap was found to be 2.27 eV, which is significantly smaller compared to
the band-gap of GO. 5 mg of Ag-rGO was found to be an optimum quantity for the effective degrada-
tion of IC dye. The degradation rate increases with the decrease in the concentration of the dye at al-
kaline pH conditions. The photocatalytic efficiency was 92% for the second time.
Conclusion: The impact of the enhanced reactive species generation was consistent with higher pho-
tocatalytic dye degradation. The photocatalytic mechanism has been proposed and the hydroxyl radi-
cal was found to be the reactive species responsible for the degradation of dye. The feasibility of reus-
ing the photocatalyst showed that the photocatalytic efficiency was very effective for the second tim
Ant diversity and distribution depends on the nature of vegetation in a maintained locality despite of disturbance - through habitat infiltration
No full textThis work embodies the analysis of Ants diversity in a small area that has changed through time due to modifications in the natural habitat. The study area comprised of three zones, the undisturbed zone, the maintained zone that had similar varieties of trees of fifty-one species, and horticulture gardens with monoclonal plantations, frequently cultivated. A total number of 4319 trees were screened for the presence of ants, of these 1626 trees had ants remaining 2691 trees were found unoccupied by ants. Forty taxonomic species of ants belong to Twenty six genera and six subfamilies have been identified associated with fifty-one species of trees that exist in different land zones. Comparatively a lesser density of ants were found in the disturbed or maintained area but had species richness and the horticulture patches had less diversity of ant species as well less denser compared to natural or undisturbed area. The undisturbed zones had species abundance. In the present study, we investigated the abundance, species richness, and nature of association with trees existing in this ecosystem along with how the changes in the habitat allow infiltration of the Ants species, through a graphical model