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Performance enhancement of P3HT:PC61BM organic solar cells via acetic acid treatment approach / Lim Lih Wei
No full textIn this work, an acid acetic solution treatment was developed to improve the performance of the organic solar cells (OSCs) based on bulk heterojunctions regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT):[6, 6]-Phenyl-C61-butyric acid butyl ester (PC61BM). After the deposition of active layer using spin-coating technique, additional treatment step where the solution of the diluted acetic acid with different concentrations (5 %, 10 %, 25 %, 50 %, 75 % and 100 %) was spun on top of the active layer. Current density-voltage (J-V) characteristics under light illumination was used to characterise the photovoltaic effects of the devices. The untreated device showed typical photovoltaics effect with current density (Jsc) of 2.0 mA/cm2, open circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.58 V, 46 % fill factor (FF) and 0.53 % power conversion efficiency (PCE). All the devices that were treated with acetic acid treatment showed significant enhancement in the Jsc and PCE outputs. The highest values of Jsc and PCE of the devices occurred at 50 % acetic acid concentration treatment. At this acid concentration, Jsc of 11.0mA/cm2 with PCE up to 2.04 % can be achieved. On the other hand, Voc remains constant as 0.58 V whereas FF decreased to 32 % due to drastic increase in Jsc. It can be seen that the rise of Jsc with Voc remain constant in Region III will make the slope of the J–V curve decreases correspondingly, leading to less “squareness” of J–V curve, therefore a lower FF . Hence, this inexpensive and simple technique have demonstrated that acid treatment greatly increased the Jsc of the devices and consequently, the PCE of the devices are enhanced up to three folds. In addition, the effect of acid acetic solution treatment on the device physics of polymer solar cells has been investigated through Schottky diode method, Cheung & Cheung method and Norde’s function to provide fundamental insight into electrical parameters of the OSCs. SCLC approach was performed to explain the enhancement of the current produced by OSC devices treated with acetic acid. The results indicate that the concentration of traps in the treated devices become lower compared to the untreated device. However, optical spectroscopy characterisations of the untreated and treated thin films exhibited similar pattern without any shift in the spectra suggesting that the acid treatment did not alter the molecular packing of the P3HT and PC61BM in the bulk heterojunction system. FESEM measurements revealed that the impurity particles on the active layer have been removed and visible cavities on the surface can be seen after it went through the treatment. The etching effect of the acetic acid may not only create cavities on the surface of active layer but at the same time dissolved the particles/impurities to provide clean surface. Therefore, purification on the active layer surface might have taken place. The reduction of the impurities results in lower series resistance and barrier height which in turn caused the enhancement performance of the OSCs
Lithium-7 problem in solar-like stars / Wan Aishah Wan Harun
No full textAlthough 7Li is a stable isotope, the element is fragile to an extreme temperature higher
than 106 K. Therefore, 7Li content in a star can only survive in the region of the convection
zone, where it can be observed by using high-resolution spectral line analysis. However,
many theoretical predictions have shown that lithium abundance in the Sun should be higher
by 2 dex than the observed photospheric value. Other similar missing lithium is found
in some stars, which contributes to the lithium problem in general. Therefore, this thesis
aims to analyze the mechanisms that may lead to the higher mixing of lithium burning. We
first calibrate the solar model by using MESA code to implement past solutions suggested
from the literature. We verified that the existing solutions are indeed failed to explain the
discrepancy. Hence, we enhanced the convection mixing process to induce more lithium
burning of the surface. The computation showed that the higher convection parameter U =
2.4 could effectively deplete another one dex of lithium. While the increase by a factor
three of the gravitational settling, can only enhance the lithium by 0.1 dex. Interestingly,
we successfully reproduced the observed lithium content when we had adopted a higher
rotational velocity kick-off of 46 km/s. However, the result is ambiguous as we can not
explain how the initially applied rotation can be spun down to the present solar rate. We
found that lithium mixing below the convection base is highly dependent on the opacity of
the solar mixture. Finally, we had predetermined the initial lithium abundance at ZAMS to
be 1.42 dex in which can represent today’s photospheric lithium value
Natural convection heat transfer analysis of copper-alumina/water hybrid nanofluid in a U-shaped enclosure / Muhammad Solleh Asmadi
No full textHeat transfer by natural convection inside a U-shaped enclosure is investigated while
considering the working fluid as hybrid nanofluid. Copper (Cu) and alumina (Al2O3)
nanoparticles are suspended in pure water to form hybrid nanofluids. Various aspects of
physical properties are varied to see the effect of each factor on the overall heat transfer
rate. The nanoparticle shape, the enclosure inclination angle, the enclosure obliqueness
angle, the length and position of the heating element, the thermal profiles at the hot
wall, the waviness of the walls, and the cold baffle are thoroughly varied to find the most
suitable combinations of parameters for certain applications. The governing equations
are transformed to their dimensionless form using a set of dimensionless variables to
ensure generality. The Galerkin weighted residual finite element method is employed to
solve the problem with the entire domain being discretized to a finite number of threenode
triangular elements. A damped Newton-Raphson iteration algorithm is used as a
convergence condition. Several grid dependency tests are done to ensure the results obtained
through the numerical procedure are not affected regardless of the grid configurations.
Numerical comparisons with the previously published numerical and experimental data
are conducted to ascertain the validity and reliability of the numerical algorithm and
formulations. The heat transfer rate within the enclosure is measured by using the local
and average Nusselt numbers. A comparison of the heat transfer rate between Cu/water
and Al2O3/water with Cu-Al2O3/water hybrid nanofluid is done to examine the advantages
of using hybrid nanofluid compared to mono nanofluids. The nanoparticle volume fraction and its ratios, the Rayleigh number, the cold rib dimension, the cold rib position, the hot
thermal profiles, the heater element length and position, the enclosure inclination angle,
the enclosure obliqueness angle, the adiabatic and hot waviness, and the cold baffle length
are varied and investigated extensively by examining the streamlines, the isotherms, the
vorticity, the average Nusselt number, the local Nusselt number across the hot wall and cold
rib, the velocity profile, the absolute maximum stream function value and the maximum
vorticity for several combinations of parameters. It is observed that the heat transfer rate
increases as the Rayleigh number increases and the benefit of using hybrid nanofluid
in terms of thermal performance exceeds those of pure water and mono nanofluids in
the thermal dissipation rate. A symmetric enclosure configuration will be preferable for
applications where a high heat transfer rate is needed
Women's empowerment and its link to intimate partner violence and contraceptive use in selected Southeast Asian countries / Ang Chiew Way
No full textAchieving gender equality is essential for the sustainable development of developing countries. Since 1994, the United Nations Population Fund has declared that reproductive rights are fundamental human rights, and uplifting women’s status is a crucial component in improving their well–being. Many efforts to empower women have been made by global leaders following the adoption of the Millennium Development Goals and the Sustainable Development Goals. However, to date, gender inequality remains one of the most prevalent global challenges. In addition, gender inequality exposes women to intimate partner violence (IPV). It further limits women’s access to modern contraception. Many past studies have found that women’s empowerment is one of the main determinants influencing sexual and reproductive health and rights. Hence, this study aims to 1) identify the measures of women’s empowerment at the household level; 2) examine the level of women’s empowerment and its determinants, and 3) examine the association between women’s empowerment and sexual and reproductive health and rights, specifically IPV and modern contraceptive use in selected Southeast Asian countries. This study focuses on Cambodia, Indonesia, Myanmar, and the Philippines because these countries represent the three major religions, Buddhism, Christianity, and Islam, practiced in Southeast Asia. In addition, the concept of male dominance in Asian society often places women in an inferior position whereby their authority in leadership and decision–making is suppressed. As such, women are often neglected, thus being less empowered in society. This study utilizes the latest data obtained from the Demographic and Health Survey conducted in Cambodia, Indonesia, Myanmar, and the Philippines. The sample for this study includes all women of the reproductive age (15 to 49 years) who are currently married or in a union. Exploratory factor analysis is applied to determine the measures of women’s empowerment. Logistic regression is used to identify the factors influencing women’s empowerment and its association with IPV and modern contraceptive use. The measures of women’s empowerment include women’s household decision–making power, women’s asset ownership, and women’s attitude towards wife–beating. The results show that demographic and socioeconomic factors strongly influence women’s empowerment. Education, work status, and exposure to mass media are significantly associated with women’s empowerment across the countries. In turn, women’s empowerment influences IPV and modern contraceptive use but its effect varies across the countries. Women’s empowerment affects IPV and modern contraceptive use in Cambodia and the Philippines. In Indonesia, women’s empowerment is significantly associated with modern contraceptive use. For Myanmar, the associations of women’s empowerment with IPV and modern contraceptive use are insignificant in the multivariate context. In addition, women with greater exposure to mass media have a lower prevalence of experiencing sexual IPV in the Philippines, while those who have received secondary school education and are working in Cambodia have lower odds of experiencing IPV. The findings of this study provide inputs for policymakers in designing specific policies to improve the status of women
Factors affecting local community’s participation and willingness to invest in tourism development: A case study of Langkawi Island, Malaysia / Anaba Ifeoma Merith
No full textCommunity participation and investment concepts are vital topics in achieving sustainable development. The development itself deals with humans, and hence the participation of the people in their environment is indispensable. This study investigates the constraining factors affecting local community’s willingness to invest in tourism small and medium enterprises (TSME) and their participation intention in tourism development in Malaysia with specific reference to Langkawi local community in the Northwestern part of Peninsular Malaysia. Tourism is an economic, social and cultural event that connects people, services and industries to various places. It also addresses some of the challenges encountered by local communities. Tourism can promote economic growth, reduce unemployment, and improve human and societal well-being. Community participation is of utmost importance in tourism development as it improves community members’ standard of living and their sense of belonging. This study examined the factors that affect communities’ participation intention and willingness to invest in the development of tourism. In order to achieve the objective of this study, quantitative methods were applied. The quantitative method was conducted based on a survey questionnaire. Grounded on a quantitative method, the primary data were composed with a structured questionnaire and subsequently analysed using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and full-fledged Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). SPSS was used for data coding and analysing the statistics. The study roots its foundation in participatory theory and social identity theory and its proposed data is cross-sectional for all the objectives. The study revealed that there are predominant factors affecting the local community’ participation intention and investment in the tourism industry. Some of the factors identified are savings or capital (the most important problem for investment), knowledge, attitude, opportunity, the expectation of benefit and motivation. Most local communities lack capital involvement, which has a significant positive impact on the community’s participation and investment. This study found that attitude, motivation,
knowledge, expectation of benefit, etc have positive significant impact on tourism participation and investment. It also indicated that social identity and motivation can play mediating role between participation intention on tourism development. Finally, this study also observed that specific policy to spur local community’s investment is inexistent. Therefore, this study suggests that government should create a policy specifically to inspire local community intention to participation and investment in the development of tourism
In vitro anti-cancer properties of bisindole alkaloids from Tabernaemontana corymbosa and Alstonia penangiana against human colon cancer cells / Tan Chun Hoe
No full textThe natural product is a continuing source for the discovery of potential anti-cancer drugs. Two iboga-vobasine bisindole alkaloids, namely 16'-decarbomethoxyvoacamine (1) and its 19,20-dihydro derivative, 16'-decarbomethoxydihydrovoacamine (2) were previously isolated from the stem-bark extract of Tabernaemontana corymbosa. In addition, a macroline-akuammiline bisindole angustilongine A (3) and a linearly-fused macroline-sarpagine bisindole, angustilongine M (4) were isolated from the leaf and stem-bark extract of Alstonia penangiana, respectively. The preliminary cytotoxicity screening demonstrated that bisindoles 1–4 exhibited strong growth inhibitory effects against a wide array of human cancer cell lines, predominantly against colorectal cancer (CRC). Herein, the antiproliferative activity and underlying mechanisms of the bisindoles in human colorectal adenocarcinoma HT-29 and carcinoma HCT 116 were further investigated. The studies demonstrated that 1–4 exhibited pronounced antiproliferative activities against HT-29 and HCT 116 cells in both dose- and time-dependent manners without significant cytotoxicity to normal human colon fibroblast (CCD-18Co). Owing to its highest antiproliferative activity and selectivity in both CRC cell lines, 2 was chosen for the subsequent studies. Brief treatment with 2 for 24 h potently inhibited the colonies formation of the CRC cells and the effect was suggested to be long-term and irreversible. Bisindole 2 inhibited the formation of HT-29 spheroids (tumor-like cell aggregates) in 3D experiments in a dose-dependent manner. In HT-29, the binding of 2 at the Taxol- binding site of β-tubulin contributed to the generation of ROS, causing DNA damage. Consequently, three signaling pathways, i.e., JNK/p38, p21Cip1/Rb/E2F, and p21Cip1/Chk1 were activated. In contrast, treatment with 2 enhanced the drug metabolism in HCT 116 through the induction of cytochrome P450 enzymes, subsequently leading to the oxidative damage to DNA and activation of the GADD45/p21Cip1 pathway. In both CRC cell lines, the activation of their respective pathways resulted in cell cycle arrest, induction of caspase-dependent mitochondrial apoptosis, and inhibition of metastasis (in HCT 116 only). In addition, treatment with 2 has reversed the 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) resistance of HCT 116-5FUR (5-fluorouracil-resistant HCT 116 derivative cell line) in a synergic manner with 5-FU. Lastly, the calculated physiochemical properties of 2 suggested that it could be a suitable candidate to be used as an in vivo model due to its high bioavailability, non-toxicity, and good drug-likeness score
Transition metal-based nanocomposite for the electrochemical detection of pharmaceutical drugs / Shamima Akhter
No full textThe transition metals have gathered attention in the field of nanoscience and nanotechnology due to their extra-ordinary properties such as excellent catalytic properties, facile synthetic approaches and formation of stable complexes, high charge
ratio, diverse morphologies, high electrical conductivity, versatile applications and others. In recent years, efforts have been focused on the preparation of nanocomposites by the incorporation of different types of transition metals compounds containing copper, cobalt and nickel in applications such as electrochemical sensing of target analytes. For effective electrochemical detection of the desired analyte, a nanocomposite of functionalized multiwall carbon nanotube (f-MWCNTs), chitosan (CTS) and cobalt (Co) was prepared. The excellent electrochemical conductivity of f- MWCNTs, high catalytic activity of Co and the synergy of the CTS-Co complex confirms that the f-MWCNTs/CTS-Co modified GCE sensor is a potential candidate for the electrochemical determination of paracetamol (PR) in pharmaceutical preparations and human serum. While a hybrid nanocomposite of functionalized multiwall carbon nanotubes MWCNTSf, nitrogen-doped graphene (NGr) and chitosan (CTS) with electrodeposited copper (Cu) metal was prepared for the sensitive determination of an anticancer drug nilutamide (NLM). The presence of MWCNTSf reduces the agglomeration of the NGr nanosheets which exposes the anchoring site of the NGr. This enables the formation of 3D network of nanocarbons which facilitates electron transfer and electrical conductivity. The CTS facilitates the dispersion of MWCNTSf and NGr. The presence of transition metal copper (Cu), enhances the electrocatalytic effect of the nanocomposite and proves that the (MWCNTsf–NGr/CTS)-Cu fabricated sensor possesses great potential for the sensitive determination of NLM in biological sample and pharmaceutical preparations. A tri-metallic metal organic framework Co-Ni-Cu- MOF was synthesized on nickel foam (NF) substrate. Due to the synergy of the catalytic effect of the Co-Ni-Cu tri-metals, high porosity, extended active surface area and enhanced interfacial electron transfer, the Co-Ni-Cu-MOF/NF sensor possesses a strong electrocatalytic effect for the electrochemical determination of anticancer drug nilutamide (NLM) in pharmaceutical preparations and human blood serum. A nanocomposite was synthesized from a combination of nanocellulose (NC), three dimensional polypyrrole (3DPPY) decorated with bimetallic nanoparticles of silver (Ag) and gold (Au) nanoparticles. The addition of NC-3DPPY offers a mechanically robust structure with high porosity and distinct electro-conductivity. In addition, the conjugation of Ag-Au bimetallic nanoparticles provides excellent electro-conductivity and electrocatalytic effect which ultimately accelerate the interfacial electron transfer process. Due to the synergy of the electro-conductivity and electro-catalytic effect, the NC-3DPPY@Ag-Au/GCE sensor showed excellent electrochemical response toward the simultaneous electrochemical determination of anticancer drug methotrexate (MTX) and antibiotic ciprofloxacin (CIF) in biological fluids, commercial dosage forms and water samples. It should be worth mentioning that the synthesized transition metalbased nanocomposite has been fabricated and employed for the first time for the
electrochemical detection of pharmaceutical drugs in commercial dosage forms and biological fluids
Growth and properties of polar and non-polar InGaN/GaN LEDS on patterned and M-plane sapphire substrates / Mohd Adreen Shah Azman Shah
No full textIn this study, metal-organic chemical vapour deposition (MOCVD) was employed to assist in the growth of polar c-plane (0001) and non-polar m-plane (10-10) GaNs on the c-plane cone-patterned sapphire substrate (CPSS) and the m-plane sapphire substrate, respectively. There are two main sections in each chapter, namely Section A for the growth of polar (0001) gallium nitride (GaN) and Section B for the growth of non-polar (10-10) GaN. The work in each section involved an optimisation towards the light-emitting diode’s (LED) structure. The structure consisted of the unintentionally (uid) doped GaN, the n-type GaN, indium gallium nitride/gallium nitride (InGaN/GaN) multi-quantum wells (MQWs), InGaN/GaN strained layer-superlattices (SLS) and the p-type GaN. Remarkably, both planes featured different epitaxial growth techniques to produce good crystal quality for the enhanced performance of the device. The implementation of the three-step approach was found to solve the agonising issue related to the crystal quality deterioration of m-plane GaN. A comparative study between these two planes revealed that the non-polar growth was sensitive towards the parameter’s variations in the MOCVD reactor, while the polar growth was likely stable in terms of molar ratio (V/III), pressure and growth temperature. This, in turn, led to the superior crystal quality of the polar plane compared with the non-polar plane. The epilayer properties of both planes were studied with special emphasis on the role of nucleation layer, buffer layer, recrystallisation, and growth condition towards the effect on threading dislocations and basal stacking faults. The electrical properties for both planes achieve the targeted carrier concentration as well as the mobility by optimising the disilane (Si2H6) and bis-cyclopentadienyl magnesium (Cp2Mg) flow rate for the growth of n-type and p-type. The growth of InGaN/GaN MQW starts with the optimisation by varying the molar ratio from group III of trimethylindium to triethylgallium. Each series of mol ratio is grown at different MQW growth temperature to understand the relation between temperature and emission wavelength of the active region. The insertion of InGaN/GaN SLS at 20 pairs helps to enhance the performance of polar and non-polar LEDs. As a result, the output power of c-plane InGaN/GaN blue LEDs is improved by 61.1% at an injection current of 20 mA after implementing the embedded InGaN/GaN SLS layer. The m-plane InGaN/GaN cyan LED with 20 pairs of SLS exhibit an output power of 0.39 mW at an injection current of 20 mA. A high-resolution X-ray diffraction (HR-XRD) technique including phase analysis (PA) , X-ray rocking curve (XRC) and reciprocal space mapping (RSM) is tested on both planes. The surface morphology analysis was investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) profiles revealed the content of Si- and Mg-atomic fraction as well as the depth of SLS. The concentrations of Ga and In atoms in the MQW were defined as atomic fraction and the ~11% of indium atomic fraction was obtained for the polar plane and ~33% for the non-polar plane. The electrical properties were analysed by Hall effect measurements and electroluminescence (EL) spectrum analysis. This work shall be a good framework for the comparison of the growth window’s parameters and the performances of polar c- and non-polar m-plane GaN LEDs
Study of naturally occurring radionuclides and stable metals in soils of West Malaysia / Ghazwa Hatem Takleef Alzubaidi
No full textLinking scientific information to environmental parameters that influence radionuclide dispersion in response to chemical, physical, and biological responses within the soil profile is still lacking, particularly in the tropics. Bearing in mind the likelihood that nuclear energy will be a substantial component of social and economic development across the tropics in future decades due to climate change, this study sought to evaluate the behavior of radionuclides in the tropical environment. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the vertical distribution of the activities of natural radionuclides 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K, and chemical elements in different areas of tropical soils in order to obtain a common understanding of the reactive environment factors associated with the reactions of radionuclides, as well as, assessing radiation risks according to this activity. A total of 228 soil samples were collected randomly at depths of 0-10, 10-20, 20-30 and 30-40 cm, from August 2013 to October 2017 from six agricultural regions of Peninsular Malaysia. In addition, 40 soil samples were collected at one depth of 0-40 cm from a paddy field in Kedah, Malaysia, to study seasonal changes that may have a potential impact on radionuclides behavior, 20 samples were collected during the wet season or growing season (March-April) and 20 samples during the dry season or harvest season (June-August). In all the examined study areas, the mean concentration values of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K were comparable higher than the global averages provided by the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR). The study areas did not show clear spatial divergence in the calculated values of radionuclide and chemical element concentrations. The study of the distribution patterns of radionuclides and elements were affected by the same mechanisms and factors within the soil profile and adopted a consistent behavior within the interactive environment of tropical soils. The calculated mean values of the radium equivalent activity (Raeq) for the study areas did not exceed the acceptable safe limit of 370 Bq.kg-1 recommended by UNSCEAR. The calculated values of the mean absorbed dose rate (D) for the study areas were higher than the overall global value of 60 n Gy h- 1, where the mean values ranged from 103.26 to 113.30 n Gy h−1. The measured mean values of the annual effective dose equivalent (AEDE) for the study areas fall within the recommended levels by the International Committee on Radiological Protection (ICRP) which is 1 mSv year−1. The measured values of the external hazard index (Hex) for the study areas did not exceed the acceptable safe limit value (less than or equal to one). Radionuclides showed a similar tendency in most of the study areas in their correlations with chemical soil components. These consistent correlations indicate that radionuclide mobility underwent the same migration mechanisms and that its behavior was modified by many unique features of the tropical environment
Experimental investigation and performance analysis of nano enhanced phase change material based photovoltaic thermal system / Mohammed Moinul Islam
No full textPhotovoltaic systems suffer from a paradoxical problem that they need sun light for their operation, but their performance abates with increasing temperature. Commercially available photovoltaic modules (PV) converts less than 20% of the approaching solar energy into power, the rest being dissipated as heat which further affects the conversion efficiency of the module by augmenting its temperature. Co-generation of electricity and heat from a single module, known as photovoltaic thermal (PVT) module, offers a hands-on solution to this problem. However, the major shortcoming with PVT collectors consists in its inefficacy in heat removal and storage of mostly employed heat transfer fluids (HTF) – air and water. As such both fluids suffer from low thermal conductivity and poor specific heat, PVT/air and PVT/water collectors cannot achieve a sustained low cell temperature with considerable electrical efficiency. Phase change materials (PCM) having very good latent heat capacity can be used for thermal control of these collectors, but their poor thermal properties turns out to be barrier in effective heat removal. Hence, incorporation of highly conductive nanoparticles such as carbon nanotube may offer a credible solution to this problem. In the present research, multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWNT) has been used to develop a very new nano enhanced PCM (NePCM) and thus apply this composite material in PVT systems to achieve better thermal control through enhanced thermal properties. Four NePCMs with concentration of functionalized MWNT (f-CNT) ranging from 0.25%wt to 0.01%wt have been synthesized. Detailed characterization of these nano composite materials has been performed by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and thermal conductivity analysis. With a 3% increase in heat storage capacity and 15% upsurge in thermal conductivity NePCM RT44HC-0.01%fCNT has been confirmed as the best nano composite material for photovoltaic thermal application. Hence, this NePCM has been integrated with a commercially popular parallel-flow PVT and real-time performance of this PVT-NePCM system has been investigated in the outdoor conditions of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. To observe whether PVT-NePCM system perform better than other conventional PV and PVT systems four other panels, viz., a reference PV, a PVT with same collector design, a PV-PCM and a PVT-PCM system have been erected in line with the novel PVT-NePCM system to ensure the same ambience. All operating and ambient parameters (different temperatures, solar irradiance, HTF flow rate, wind speed, etc.) have been measured and recorded concurrently by digital data acquisition system from June to September 2019. Thermal performance has been analyzed from both energy and exergy viewpoints. Results show that PVT-NePCM system achieved, at least, 4oC lower cell temperature than other systems and it operates with an energy efficiency of 85.3% and exergy efficiency of 13%. Moreover, PVT-NePCM system extends the cooling period of the solar cells by 37.5% as compared with PVT only system. Extensive application of such system can abate dependence on fossil fuels and help to improve the environment as well