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Implementing the flipped small online classroom (F-SPOCS) live streaming platform for Pre-University Student's English language speaking skills / Norshahida Hassan
No full textLearning how to communicate orally is one of the most important skills in ESL. However, a significant number of students are unable to achieve satisfactory results in this area for a variety of reasons, including insufficient self-assurance and a lack of intrinsic motivation. This study is focusing on the performance of pre-university students in the area of speaking. It delves deeply into their thoughts regarding the learning process of speaking in front of the class as well as their perspectives on the application of technology. In addition, the opinions of the experts on how they evaluate the students' speaking abilities are analysed, and some ideas are also discussed in this section of the research. The primary objective of the research is to provide the students with access to a platform that will, at the very least, improve their lack of self-confidence while simultaneously enhancing their motivation. It is known as the Flipped Small Private Online Classroom for Speaking platform (F-SPOCS Live Streaming Platform). The students are expected to give oral presentations, and it is hoped that this online platform will be able to help them. It is believed that the students will be able to perform commendably in their presentation if they put in ample effort to prepare for it and practise it
Development of a solar PV integrated water electrolyzer system for solid municipal waste incinerator / Osama Majeed Butt
No full textThe drive towards sustainable future warrants deep decarburization of all the energy and non-energy sectors. In this regards, an attempt has been made to decarbonize municipal solid waste (MSW) management sector using green hydrogen. A systematic study has been conducted to investigate the feasibility of hydrogen as a primary combustion fuel for thermal treatment of MSW i.e., incineration. Various strategies i.e., (1) coupling of solar photovoltaics (PV) with battery and electrolyzer and (2) direct coupling of electrolyzer with PV have been tried and investigated to provide hydrogen to the incinerator. Furthermore, active on-demand electrical sparking mechanism (auto-ignition) and use of secondary electrolyzer with optimum battery storage approaches have also been identified and investigated. Moreover, comparative techno-economics of strategies have also been assessed.
A high reduction in weight percent of MSW i.e., 86-94%, and loss on ignition (1.74%-6.41%) have been observed for MSW containing 60-80% moisture content with the use of hydrogen as primary fuel. This is due to high flame temperature, uniform heat distribution and less radiation losses which is a characteristic property of hydrogen flame. In terms of energy consumption, PV + Battery system consumed 42.42% and 15.07% less energy compared to auto-ignition and PV + Secondary-Electrolyzer system. Moreover, in terms of energy required to remove moisture, PV + Battery system used 80% less energy, while auto-ignition and PV + Secondary-Electrolyzer showed 70.5% and 77.5% less energy respectively. However, the initial capital cost of PV + battery system has been calculated to be 15.4% and 11.8% more compared to auto-ignition and PV + Secondary-Electrolyzer system respectively. Further, in terms of cost benefit for longer run, PV +Battery system has been calculated to be 73.3% and 23.3% more expensive than auto-ignition and PV + Secondary electrolyzer method respectively assuming 30year of life span
The impact of us regional greenhouse gas initiative on firm-level innovation activities and market competitiveness / Md Azizur Rahman
No full textClimate change threatens the future of humanity, primarily driven by rapid industrialization and global competition. The challenge lies in balancing regulatory actions, which can raise costs against obligations to fight emissions, hinder productivity, and slow economic growth. The Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS) provides an effective solution for curbing global carbon emissions. Nevertheless, a prevailing view is that environmental regulations raise firm costs and prevent investment from clashing with expected innovation benefits. Recent observations challenge these notions and argue that well-structured regulations can encourage innovation and help stimulate firm performance. The Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI), active across ten northeastern US states since 2009 to reduce CO2 emissions from the power sector, yields paradoxical outcomes. However, emissions decline within RGGI states while neighboring regions witness the opposite. Moreover, rising temperatures and waning green initiatives underscore our failure to find effective remedies. RGGI's impact on firm-level innovation and market competitiveness remains unexplored, especially considering its fully auction-based ETS structure. This research examines RGGI's influence on firm innovation and market competitiveness, scrutinizing direct and policy-driven effects across regulated and unregulated sectors. Focusing on US-listed electric power sector companies (regulated) and Fortune 500 companies (non-regulated), the research spans 2000 to 2019 for patent timelines. Using a quasi-experimental approach consisting of 'difference-in-difference' and propensity score matching techniques, the investigation reveals the positive impact of RGGI on regulated sector innovation. However, policy spillover into the unregulated sector proves insignificant. Supporting the 'weak' Porter hypothesis (PH) in regulated sectors and negating it in the unregulated sector, RGGI's deployment lacks a statistically significant impact on green innovation in both spheres. Acknowledging the 'strong' PH variant, RGGI enhances market competitiveness in regulated sectors but counteracts this trend in the unregulated sector. Innovation and green innovation enhance US firm competitiveness, yet RGGI's implementation dampens the connection between firm-level innovation and market competitiveness. This study widens insights by disclosing RGGI's effects on innovation and competitiveness, delving into the link between innovation and market prowess among US firms. Contributions abound: empirical evidence emerges for the market-based nature of RGGI, distinguishing it from freely allocated policies like EU-ETS and CN-ETS. Furthermore, the study enriches the policy spillover literature by uncovering innovation spillover in non-regulated sectors. Notably, RGGI's fully auction-based approach significantly boosts market competitiveness among regulated firms, a novel finding in policy evaluation and spillover literature. Additionally, the study contributes to the 'innovation' and 'green innovation' discourse, showcasing empirical proof of US firms' high innovativeness. Intriguingly, RGGI moderates this connection negatively while bolstering it positively for innovative firms, holding implications for their market sustainability. Recommendations stemming from this study extend to RGGI authorities and industry stakeholders, illuminating the policy's implications
Aplikasi teknik pengimejan digital anak bulan dari perspektif syariah dan astronomi / Nur Izzatul Najihah Mohamad
No full textPenggunaan teknologi kamera digital membolehkan anak bulan dikesan dengan lebih awal selepas Matahari terbenam. Kenampakan anak bulan menggunakan teknik pengimejan adalah diharuskan dengan parameter yang ditetapkan oleh JAKIM melalui Garis Panduan Pensabitan Kenampakan Anak Bulan Menerusi Teknik Pengimejan. Namun begitu, terdapat beberapa perkara dalam garis panduan tersebut yang perlu dilihat semula dari aspek penerimaan dan penolakan kamera digital dan teknik pengimejan digital anak bulan dalam pengisbatan anak bulan. Justeru itu, objektif utama kajian ini adalah untuk memperhalusi teknik pengimejan digital anak bulan berdasarkan garis panduan pensabitan kenampakan anak bulan yang ditetapkan oleh JAKIM. Kajian ini membuat penilaian kualiti imej anak bulan berdasarkan parameter garis panduan JAKIM terhadap kamera digital berasaskan sensor peranti cas terganding (CCD) dan semikonduktor oksida logam pelengkap (CMOS). Seterusnya, kajian ini menilai hasil eksperimental yang dibuat berdasarkan analisis penerimaan dan penolakan Syariah terhadap jenis kamera digital dalam pengisbatan anak bulan. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan menggunakan kaedah komparatif dan deduktif. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa tidak ada perbezaan nyata pada penilaian kualiti imej kedua-dua jenis sensor. Kajian mendapati bahawa kesan penyejukan sensor, penggunaan cut off inframerah, penindanan imej dan penggunaan corong kontras memberikan kesan positif pada kualiti imej anak bulan. Kajian ini merumuskan bahawa penggunaan kamera digital dimodifikasi dan teknik pengimejan digital boleh diterima dalam pengisbatan anak bulan melalui parameter yang dinilai. Natijah kajian ini, prosedur cerapan anak bulan menggunakan aplikasi teknik pengimejan digital telah dicadangkan berdasarkan penerimaan Syariah dalam mengisbatkan kenampakan anak bulan
Metaphors of emotion in the novel Xiongdi / Xiao Li
No full textMetaphor has been traditionally recognized as a figure of speech. However, with the development of linguistics, metaphor has been given more and more new definitions. From the perspective of cognitive linguistics, metaphor is not just a matter of language, but a way of thinking. On the basis of the Conceptual Metaphor Theory (Lakoff & Johnson, 1980) and Aspects of Emotion Concepts (Kövecses, 2000), this study set out to study the metaphors related to human emotions in the Chinese novel Xiong Di. The aim of this study is to identify and analyze the metaphorical mappings of anger, fear, sadness, happiness and love in the Chinese novel Xiong Di. This is the first attempt to study this novel in the field of cognitive linguistics. There are 37 metaphorical mappings identified from the data and each emotion concepts have their particular features. The metaphorical mappings of the five emotions (anger, fear, sadness, happiness, love) have been clearly presented, and the aspects of the five emotion concepts have been carefully analyzed. The findings will enable us to have a more comprehensive view of emotion metaphor in Chinese
Characterization of polyvinylidene fluoride trifluoroethylene/zinc oxide quantum dots composite thin films for pyroelectric nanogenerator applications / Nurazlin Ahmad
No full textIn the first part of this study, the copolymer P(VDF-TrFE) thin films prepared by sol-gel method were annealed in the range of Curie temperature up to the melting point [80 °C – 140 °C] to increase their crystallinity. A remnant polarization, Pr of 76.7 mCm-2, which gives a pyroelectric coefficient of 31 μCm-2K-1 and a figure of merit (FOM) FD of 86 μCm-2K-1 (1 kHz) was obtained for the sample annealed at 100 °C, where the phase was about to transit from ferroelectric to paraelectric. In the second part, a novel P(VDF-TrFE) / ZnO QDs nanocomposite films stabilized with organic ligands (TEA) were fabricated using a spin-coating technique with fillers composition; 0, 0.15, 0.25, 0.35 and 0.50 wt%. Particle size analysis with UV-Vis and TEM confirmed that the QDs size is in the range ~2.5 - 3 nm. Incorporation of 0.15 wt% ZnO QDs into copolymer achieved optimum ferroelectric, dielectric and pyroelectric properties which gives the highest value of remnant polarization (Pr = 10.02 μC/cm2), dielectric constant (εʹ = 13.9) and pyroelectric coefficient (49 μC/m2K). The significant enhancement of these properties is because of the morphological structure of P(VDF-TrFE) which demonstrates higher distribution of micelle-like crystallite and growth of elongated rod-like crystallite. Including ZnO QDs in the polymer matrix induces local dipole moment due to its polar character giving rise to spontaneous polarization. Further measurement of the ferroelectric hysteresis loop leads to energy storage density, Ue is 8.2 J/cm3 and from pyroelectric activity, energy harvesting Figure of merit (FOM), FE is 19.5 Jm-3K2 obtained at 1 kHz for 0.15 wt%. The polarization of the non-centrosymmetric crystal structure of ZnO interacts synergistically with the P(VDF-TrFE) polymer host which contributes to the increase in ferroelectric and pyroelectric properties up to 0.15 wt% composition. The addition of ZnO QDs of more than 0.25 wt% in P(VDF-TrFE) degrades the ferroelectric properties due to excessive leakage current density and the emergence of saturated agglomeration as micelle-like hole structure on the surface of Si substrate, which cause the energy harvesting and storage performance to deteriorate. The Thermally Stimulated Current (TSC) study was performed to investigate the molecular motions of the crystalline copolymer P(VDF-TrFE) and its polymer composite P(VDF-TrFE) / ZnO QDs. The TSC measurement mainly revealed three depolarization peaks, which are known as the β, α and Curie mode (ρ) peaks in P(VDF-TrFE). The TSC spectrum’s relaxation peaks revealed spontaneous polarization or a switching characteristic of P(VDF-TrFE) observed at a specific temperature of Tg and the Curie mode. The involvement of space charges injection at the polymer/semiconductor interface and molecular-ions deep traps during the poling process of TSC can result in the decomposition the of TSC spectrum with high activation energy at most relaxation peaks of P(VDF-TrFE) / ZnO QDs. The pyroelectric nanogenerator developed in this research can be exploited to robust its performance in energy storage and energy harvesting applications
Groundwater sustainability potentials in Wadi Araba through the application of managed aquifer recharge, Jordan / Ala’ Hamed Gablan Alelaimat
No full textGlobally one of the primary factors determining water security is water scarcity, which has a direct impact on the health and wellness of urban populations, environmental quality of cities, and socioeconomic. Over the next three decades, urban industrial and domestic water consumption is anticipated to increase 50–80% because of population expansion, urbanization, and socioeconomic development. Climate change will have an impact on the temporal and spatial distribution of water availability. Jordan considered one of the ten most waterscarce countries in the world, the country facing challenges in its water sector, Groundwater is the most crucial source of water in Jordan, it provides more than half of the total water demand, Some of Jordan's groundwater resources are presently exploited at maximum capacity, to meet this challenge, we should search for practical solutions that increase groundwater recharge, naturally or artificially. This study aims to select suitable sites for Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) through GIS and Groundwater Modeling and predict the climate change effect on water balance. Selected criteria were chosen based on Rainfall, Slope, Geological formations, Land Use, Soil texture, and Depth to the water table, these layers have been integrated into GIS software for generating (MAR) suitability map. The area falls into five categories of (MAR) potential zones i.e., very good, good, moderate, low, and very low. It is found that 16.7% with an area of 1473.7 km2 and 30.15% with 2649.5 km2 area are under very good and good category of (MAR) suitability respectively. An area of 1779.3 km2 representing 20.24% is found under moderate category whereas 1944.24 km2 and 890.94 km2 equals 32.82% of Wadi Araba area falls under low and very low categories of (MAR) suitability respectively, most of the promising (MAR) locations are located within the alluvium aquifer. To enhance comprehension and assessment of the Wadi Araba Aquifer systems, a groundwater flow model was constructed using the existing geology and hydrogeology within the study area. This model facilitated the simulation of predictive scenarios to aid in long-term groundwater management for the alluvium aquifer. Groundwater flows in opposite directions over a split in the Wadi Araba Basin's middle area. According to the alluvial aquifer's groundwater level chart, groundwater flows northeast toward the Dead Sea in the northern portion of the valley. On the other hand, groundwater flows south-southwest, toward the Red Sea, in the southern part of the valley. According to the model's computation of the groundwater budget, precipitation-related infiltration is the main source of the system's inflow. In majority of the wells, the computed vs observed head comparisons showed a significant agreement between the estimated and observed water levels, thus verifying the accuracy and reliability of the model. Rainfall decreasing affected by climate change in the modelled area cause a drawdown on the alluvium aquifer which can mitigate, based on a predictive scenario by increasing the recharge from precipitation, which resulted an increase in the water table in 3 sites by 1.96%-3.12%
Bioassay-guided phytochemistry of Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Smith rhizome extract against dengue virus serotype-2 NS2B/NS3 protease and its anti-pyretic activities / Haslinda Mohd Salleh
No full textThe bioassay-guided study was conducted on Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Smith (shampoo ginger) to investigate its anti-dengue potential through the inhibition of DENV2 NS2B/ NS3 protease. In this study, the rhizomes of Z. zerumbet were extracted with different polarities of solvents and tested for DENV2 NS2B/NS3 protease inhibition, acute toxicity and anti-pyretic studies. The results showed that the ethyl acetate (EA) extract of Z. zerumbet exhibited potent inhibitory activity against NS2B/NS3 protease with IC50 value of 2.39 ± 0.86 μg/mL. Acute toxicity test indicated that the EA extract is not toxic up to dosage of 5000 mg/kg. In addition, comparison of anti-pyretic activity between the EA
extract (125 mg/kg body weight) and aspirin (121) (100 mg/kg body weight) have shown
a difference in reduction of the rectal temperature of rats. The EA extract (125 mg/kg
body weight) demonstrated faster temperature reduction than aspirin (121) within the first
two hours after administration. However, the temperature rose after the 2nd hour of the
experiment. On the other hand, aspirin (121) had slower temperature reduction but the
temperature reduction was continued until the 4th hour of the experiment. Therefore, the
EA extract (125 mg/kg body weight) showed rapid onset of action compared to aspirin
(121) but aspirin (121) has longer lasting anti-pyretic effect. Furthermore, two compounds
were isolated from the potent EA fraction of Z. zerumbet, namely zerumbone (3) and
zerumbone epoxide (56). Zerumbone epoxide (56) exhibited more potent inhibition
against DENV2 NS2B/NS3 protease (72.04%) than zerumbone (3) (54.33%). Both compounds were subjected to a molecular docking study. Two hydrogen bonding were
observed between the epoxide group of zerumbone epoxide (56)
-alkyl interactions of zerumbone epoxide (56)
with Tyr150, Tyr161, and His51 were also observed. The binding energy of zerumbone epoxide (56) (-5.60 kcal/mol) was slightly
lower than zerumbone (3) (-5.58 kcal/mol). Thus, the molecular docking results are
consistent with the anti-protease studies of both compounds. In conclusion, the EA of Z.
zerumbet could be a promising candidate for the development of anti-pyretic and antidengue
agents
Keberadaan hadith Mawdu‘ dalam karya-karya Jawi: Kajian terhadap persepsi masyarakat Islam di Kelantan / Ahmad Za’im Sabirin Mohd Yusoff
No full textKitab-kitab Jawi karangan ulama Nusantara merupakan karya istimewa dan penting bagi
masyarakat Islam di Alam Melayu untuk mendalami agama Islam secara terperinci.
Karya-karya ini dihiasi dengan kandungan daripada potongan ayat al-Quran dan
rangkaian teks-teks hadith Nabawi yang digunakan sebagai dalil perbahasan keagamaan
telah diangkat sebagai bahan rujukan utama pengajaran dan pengajian secara bertalaqqi
di pusat-pusat pengajian pondok, masjid dan surau. Malangnya, karya sebegini telah
dikenal pasti dan terbukti memuatkan hadith-hadith yang tidak berautoriti dan palsu
melalui kajian-kajian takhrij dan tahqiq oleh para sarjana di peringkat pengajian tinggi.
Bahkan diburukkan lagi dengan penyebaran hadith-hadith mawḍū‘ melalui wadah yang
cukup pantas dan mudah diakses oleh sesiapa sahaja tanpa ada sempadan. Persoalannya
sejauh manakah hadith-hadith tersebut menular dalam kalangan masyarakat dan persepsi
umat Islam khususnya masyarakat Melayu Islam di Kelantan terhadap hadith mawḍū‘
dari aspek aqidah dan ibadah. Objektif kajian ini adalah untuk melihat perkembangan
penyelidikan hadith mawḍū‘ di Malaysia, mengenal pasti metodologi penukilan hadith
dalam karya-karya Jawi, seterusnya menganalisis hadith-hadith mawḍū‘ dalam karyakarya
Jawi terpilih dari sudut status dan pandangan-pandangan ulama hadith serta
selanjutnya menganalisis keberadaan hadith-hadith mawḍū‘ yang masyhur dan persepsi
masyarakat Islam di Kelantan. Kajian ini bersifat kajian kuantitatif yang melibatkan
metode pengumpulan data melalui kajian kepustakaan dan kajian lapangan iaitu observasi
dan soal selidik. Keseluruhan data yang dikumpul termasuk data soal selidik daripada 53
responden seterusnya dianalisis dengan menggunakan kaedah induktif, deduktif dan
perisian SPSS versi 22. Hasil kajian mendapati terdapat 15 hadith mawḍū‘ dalam keseluruhan tiga [3] kitab Jawi terpilih iaitu; empat [4] hadith dalam kitab Bughyah al-
Ṭullāb, tiga [3] hadith dalam Hidāyah al-Sālikīn dan lapan [8] hadith dalam kitab al-
Yawāqīt wa al-Jawāhir. Akhir sekali, kajian telah mengenal pasti persepsi masyarakat
dalam berinteraksi dengan hadith mawḍū‘ dari aspek aqidah dan ibadah yang sangat
ketara dan perlu dibendung supaya generasi akan datang bebas daripada dibelenggu
dengan hadith-hadith mawḍū‘ ini
Dakwah kelestarian alam sekitar: Kajian prinsip dan pendekatan Rasulullah saw / Nor Aishah Abu Hassan
No full textDakwah mencakupi segenap aspek kehidupan termasuklah alam sekitar yang sebenarnya amat dekat dengan persoalan akidah, ibadah dan akhlak manusia. Malangnya, kesedaran dan tingkah laku lestari masih tidak berjaya diterapkan sepenuhnya dalam diri masyarakat. Krisis kelestarian alam sekitar semakin meruncing dan mengancam hidupan di muka bumi ini. Justeru, kajian ini dijalankan bagi mengetengahkan konsep dakwah kelestarian alam sekitar dalam Islam, mengenalpasti prinsip dakwah kelestarian alam sekitar menurut perspektif sirah Rasulullah SAW dan menganalisis pendekatan dakwah Rasulullah SAW dalam melestarikan alam sekitar berdasarkan hadis terpilih. Kaedah kajian ini berasaskan kepada kajian kepustakaan dan analisis kandungan secara tematik. Hasil kajian mendapati empat prinsip penting yang perlu ada dalam Dakwah Kelestarian Alam Sekitar (DKAS) iaitu (i) pendakwah kelestarian yang berilmu, berkemahiran dan bermotivasi tinggi, (ii) sasaran dakwah kelestarian yang terdiri daripada pelbagai latar belakang, (iii) topik dakwah kelestarian yang merangkumi elemen eko-teologi, krisis alam sekitar dan inisiatif kelestarian alam sekitar, dan (iv) saluran dakwah yang strategik seperti institusi masjid dan perundangan Islam. Dapatan kajian juga mendapati, pendekatan DKAS Rasulullah SAW adalah dominan melalui lisan (Da’wah bi al-Lisan) yang berbentuk galakan dan larangan serta melalui perbuatan (Da’wah bi al-Hal) berbentuk akhlak dan khidmat baginda sendiri melaksanakan dan menggalakkan usaha kelestarian alam sekitar. Oleh itu, kajian ini diharapkan dapat mendorong umat Islam untuk mengamalkan tingkah laku lestari dan diperluaskan dalam konteks dakwah kelestarian alam sekitar berasaskan panduan sunnah khususnya di Malaysia