13474 research outputs found
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Kasyaf menurut perspektif Tasawuf: Kajian fenomena di Malaysia / Radzi Kamaludin
No full textKajian ini memfokuskan kepada konsep kasyaf yang merupakan pembukaaan hijab yang Allah SWT kurniakan kepada insan terpilih yang berada pada maqam dan ahwāl untuk menuju mushahadah Ilahi. Ia adalah kurniaan Ilahi kepada salik yang ikhlas bermujahadah, berkhalwah, berzikir dan bermurāqabah. Konsep yang masyhur dalam dunia kesufian dan selari dengan akidah Ahli Sunnah Wal Jamaah ini sering dicemari dengan pelbagai dakwaan yang meragukan daripada individu dan kumpulan yang menggunakan jenama tasawuf dan tarekat bagi mengaburi masyarakat. Objektif kajian ini adalah untuk membahaskan kedudukan kasyaf menurut perspektif tasawuf, mengenalpasti jenis kasyaf dan pandangan pro dan kontra mengenainya serta mengkaji fenomena kasyaf dalam ajaran sesat di Malaysia. Kajian ini penting bagi memberikan kefahaman sebenar kepada pihak berkuasa agama, ahli-ahli tarekat tasawuf, para pendakwah dan masyarakat awam yang berminat untuk mendalami ilmu tasawuf yang hakiki. Pengkaji mengaplikasi kajian bersifat kepustakaan (library research) yang berbentuk kualitatif deskriptif kerana ia melibatkan pengumpulan data dan analisis serta huraian data kepustakaan (library) secara kualitatif yang terdiri daripada metode induktif, deduktif dan historis. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa kasyaf mempunyai kedudukan yang signifikan dalam kesufian. Semua tokoh sufi menerima kasyaf yang merupakan penyingkapan sesuatu yang tertutup dengan berhati-hati dan kasyaf yang dikurniakan oleh Allah SWT kepada insan yang terpilih hendaklah dinilai dengan panduan al-Quran dan hadith dan tidak bertentangan dengan sumber perundangan Islam serta tidaklah sehingga mewujudkan syariat baharu dan meruntuhkan syariat yang dibawa oleh Baginda Nabi Muhammad SAW. Secara kesimpulannya kasyaf terbahagi kepada dua iaitu Kasyaf Pancaindera dan Kasyaf Maknawi. Fenomena kasyaf yang menyeleweng didapati berlaku di Malaysia berdasarkan wujudnya ajaran-ajaran sesat yang mendakwa ketua atau pengikut turut diberikan kasyaf. Menerusi dakwaan-dakwaan ini dilihat mudah untuk menarik masyarakat yang cetek ilmu tasawuf dan yang berminat dengan perkara-perkara mistik dan ghaib
Mechanism for developing overall performance from a human development perspective: A study on ISESCO / Farhan Naser A. Alfarhan
No full textThis master's thesis aims to provide a study contribution on the mechanisms of increasing
overall performance from the standpoint of human growth. A good example is the Islamic
Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (ISESCO). The researcher relied on the
analysis of the organization's records and adopted a deductive descriptive technique. The
general performance in the domains of work and its methods in ISESCO, along with the
existence of mechanisms for developing the general performance in ISESCO, are compatible
with indicators of human development. The researcher then gave a series of
recommendations and research studies based on the study's findings that will help the
Organisation develop and improve its employees' performance
High efficiency photovoltaic grid connected flyback microinverter / Radin Za’im Radin Umar
No full textIn the first part of this thesis, a new competitive cost, non-invasive and isolated current sensing method for the photovoltaic flyback microinverter is presented. This is done by using the flyback transformer itself as a current sensor via the introduction of a single turn third winding to the flyback transformer. The integration of the open circuit voltage of the third winding’s using a newly proposed ground-clamped-integrator allows for the sensing of the magnetizing current. Controlling the magnetizing current solves the control complexity problem with continuous conduction mode (CCM). The triangular linearity of magnetizing current allows hysteresis control to be employed, resulting in straighforward CCM control like that of the boundary conduction mode and discontinuous conduction mode. An experimental grid connected microinverter prototype is built. The prototype achieves the performances of 0.9988 power factor, 1.9% grid current THD, 99% static MPPT efficiency and MPPT dynamic efficiency of 98.50%. This is achieved under condition of full PV power of 210W, peak power point input of PV voltage of 41.3V, and rms output grid voltage of 240V, and maximum power point tracking range of 35V-43V. In the middle part of the thesis, a new method is introduced to reduce the high voltage stress experienced by secondary gallium nitride (GaN) transistor in high gain application (high step up). The technique is coined as the leakage bypass. It is demonstrated that the proposed method provides 2.3 times decrease of percentage of overshoot to the stress voltage. The leakage bypass is relevent because commercially available GaN is only restricted to 650V of absolute maximum voltage rating. The technique allows the secondary GaN to adhere to this restriction. The final part of this thesis presents the development of a very high efficiency flyback microinverter. The developed microinverter incorporates various techniques separately known to provide reduced losses on the flyback inverter and combine them into one working microinverter prototype. Additionally, a new active snubber technique is proposed to provide for better recovery of the parasitic primary switch’s output capacitance charge which would otherwise be lost as electromagnetic oscillation. Gallium Nitride (GaN) is also utilized in the design and a new leakage bypass circuitry is proposed to allow for safe operation by limiting the peak transient voltage to within the limit of the GaN technology (650V). As a result, a high full system weighted efficiency of 96.67% and 97.02% full system peak efficiency is achieved. A comparison between the developed hardware and commercial microinverter was performed, and it is shown that the resulting efficiency performance is comparable to commercial microinverter
Kebolehgunaan teknik terjemahan gaya bahasa Iltifāt kata ganti nama Ilahi dalam al-Quran / Muhammad Hakim Kamal
No full textIltifāt KGN merupakan salah satu topik perbahasan dalam bidang terjemahan Arab-
Melayu. Tinjauan literatur memperlihatkan iltifāt KGN dalam al-Quran kerap
diterjemahkan secara literal sekaligus menyukarkan pembaca sasaran memahami entiti
sebenar KGN. Terjemahan literal ini dikesan dalam Tafsir Pimpinan Ar-Rahman (TPAR)
dan Tafsir Fi Zilalil Qur’an (TFZQ). Isu terjemahan iltifāt KGN semakin kompleks
apabila melibatkan pertukaran KGN pola jamak dengan entiti Allah. Oleh sebab itu,
kualiti terjemahan iltifāt KGN Ilahi dalam TPAR dan TFZQ sewajarnya dinilai daripada
sudut kebolehgunaan dalam kalangan pembaca sasaran. Bertitik tolak daripada itu, kajian
dilakukan bertujuan mengenalpasti iltifāt KGN Ilahi dalam al-Quran, menganalisis teknik
terjemahan Abdullah Basmeih dan Yusoff Zaky terhadap gaya bahasa berkenaan serta
merumuskan kualiti terjemahan iltifāt KGN Ilahi berdasarkan tahap kebolehgunaannya.
Untuk mencapai objektif berkenaan, teori iltifāt oleh al-Madaniy (1968), Vinay dan
Darbelnet (2000) serta Quesenbery (2001) diterapkan. Penyelidikan ini merupakan kajian
kualitatif jenis kajian kes yang berteraskan huraian deskriptif. Dapatan menunjukkan
Abdullah Basmeih dan Yusoff Zaky menggunakan tiga pendekatan ketika menterjemah
iltifāt KGN Ilahi ke bahasa Melayu iaitu terjemahan dengan teknik tunggal, gabungan
dua teknik dan gabungan tiga teknik terjemahan. Teknik literal menjadi kemestian bagi
mereka, namun Yusoff Zaky lebih kerap menggunakan pendekatan ini berbanding
Abdullah Basmeih. Terjemahan iltifāt KGN Ilahi oleh Abdullah Basmeih didapati lebih
berkualiti berbanding terjemahan Yusoff Zaky kerana teknik eksplisitasi yang diterapkan
oleh beliau membolehkan terjemahannya mempunyai tahap kebolehgunaan yang tinggi
daripada sudut atribut keberkesanan, kebolehbelajaran, kecekapan dan atribut kepuasan.
Implikasi kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa konsep kebolehgunaan yang berteraskan pendapat pembaca sasaran sewajarnya dijadikan pendekatan dalam menilai kualiti
terjemahan gaya bahasa al-Quran. Kajian diharap dapat memberikan impak khususnya
dalam menilai kualiti terjemahan al-Quran daripada sudut kebolehgunaannya sekaligus
menjana teknik terjemahan yang mampan bagi iltifāt KGN Ilahi
A corpus-driven comparative analysis of verb phrase based bundles in L2 Malaysian polytechnic learners’ writing / Radika Subramaniam
No full textThis study aims to explore the similarities and differences in the use of verb phrase-based (VP-based) bundles in the writing of L2 Malaysian Engineering learners via the Malaysian Polytechnic Electronic Engineering Learner Corpus (MyPolyEELC) in comparison to their native counterparts in the British Academic Written English (BAWE) sub-corpus and experts in the Electrical and Electronic Engineering Research Articles Corpus (3ERAC). The MyPolyEELC which consists of 891,919 words is developed from 231 Final Year Project reports written by Electronic Engineering Diploma learners from 14 Malaysian polytechnics. The 374,383-word BAWE sub-corpus is compiled from the existing BAWE corpus by selecting texts written by L1 English learners from the Physical Science disciplinary group while the 3ERAC is made up of 100 research articles from the Electrical and Electronic Engineering discipline with 710,456 words. This is a mixed-method study which involves quantitative (i.e., frequency-based and log-likelihood test of significance) and qualitative approaches (i.e., text analysis) for data analysis. The structural classifications of VP-based bundles are performed using Biber et al.’s (1999) framework, while the functional categories are identified based on Hyland (2008a). Francis et al.’s (1996) verb pattern analysis is employed to postulate the lexico-grammatical patterns of shared bundle clusters across the three corpora, along with the identification of semantic preference which is exercised using Partington (2004) as well as Cortes and Hardy (2013). The analysis reveals a significant use (types and tokens) of VP-based bundles in the L2 learner writing compared to both the L1 English learner and expert writings. These clause-based structures feature more conversation-like registers contrary to academic prose in the L2 learner text. Less frequent use of ‘it be V-ed that’ and ‘it V adj’ lexico-grammatical patterns is associated with underused ‘anticipatory it’ structural category in the L2 learner corpus which accordingly affects the production of bundles signalling ‘observation’ and ‘inference’. These findings are also related to the limited use of participant-oriented functions in non-native learner writing compared to the native learner and expert writing which illustrate a less writer/reader-oriented writing style. Overall, the analysis has uncovered the gap to be addressed in academic writing, especially the Final Year Project report of Malaysian Polytechnic learners that is, to make appropriate use of lexical chunks (in this case, VP-based bundles) in delivering stance-related expressions to display writer involvement and reader engagement, and text-oriented functions to demonstrate a coherent and systematic written academic discourse as per the task requirement. The interrelation between the structural category, lexico-grammatical pattern and semantic preference of lexical bundle(s) illustrates that all these elements are important in motivating the functional category of the bundle(s) based on a larger context of its occurrence. In light of the variations discovered in the use of VP-based bundles in the non-native learner writing in comparison to the native novice and expert writing, corpus-based pedagogical practices or data-driven learning approach can be considered in EAP classrooms to be exposed to L2 learners to model more proficient writing
“Exploring factors influencing companies’ engagement in corporate social responsibility activities: The case of Nigerian telecommunication sector” / Abubakar Isah Hassan
No full textThis thesis aims to identify the factors that drive corporate and civil society organizations' engagement in Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) activities in the Nigerian telecommunications sector. The study was inspired by a desire to explore the current and potential actions of various organizations, including the government, corporations, and civil society, towards promoting and implementing CSR in Nigeria. To accomplish this, the study employed the essential principles of institutional theory to analyze the functions that different establishments perform in the process. Using a qualitative approach, the study conducted interviews with 15 participants and focus group discussions with 30 participants to collect data. The findings revealed that corporate organizations engaged in socially responsible practices due to government encouragement, profit maximization, and a desire to improve the quality of life. The study also identified organizational, governmental, and social factors as key drivers of corporate organizations' participation in CSR. Additionally, the study identified the government's role in promoting CSR, including creating an enabling environment for businesses, implementing CSR laws, regulating CSR activities, and formulating CSR policies. The study highlighted a weak or lack of compliance culture among corporations, with existing laws on CSR not appropriately enforced by regulatory agencies, and no specific laws to reward compliance and punish violators. Therefore, the study suggests that the government needs to set up a measurement level to ensure corporations are held accountable for their actions and not benefit from public facilities with flippant exercises. The government should also assume the responsibility of ensuring that those who violate laws and regulations, whether corporate or noncorporate, face consequences. In summary, this study provides insights into the factors that influence CSR engagement in the Nigerian telecommunications sector and highlights areas where improvements can be made to promote responsible corporate practices
Technical efficiency performance of Malaysian public research universities: Fuzzy data envelopment analysis / Saber Abdelall Mohamed Ahmed
No full textOf late, university technical efficiency measurement via Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is widely applied when the technique enables universities as the decision-making units (DMUs) to identify the top performers among them being evaluated and discover the alternative ways to spur their operations to become one of the best performers. Despite decreasing trends of government funds to finance universities’ operational and research expenditures, the public research universities in Malaysia (PRUMs) continue to shoulder the responsibility to be a leader in innovation, produce world class research outputs, that includes high impact research publications, and to increase their world ranking and international reputations. Good ranking universities would attract high-quality local students and from abroad. Technical efficiency is an alternative approach to best measure the PRUMs performance at the global level while providing valid data and information for future framework of long-term plans. This is not only crucial for the decision makers of PRUMs but also to National Higher Education.
This research employs Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to measure the technical efficiency of five PRUMs for four successive academic years 2018/2019 to 2021/2020. Based on past research supported by scholars in higher education studies, this study three input variables selected are the number of full-time-equivalent (FTE) staff, number of full-time-equivalent students and ratio of FTE international students to FTE students. With the growing importance for universities to achieve higher international ranking, that this study proposes the international QS world ranking indicators as the output variables, namely: Teaching Reputation, Research Reputation, and the citations percentage ratio. For the international ranking indicators are beyond the control of research universities, this study aims to measure the technical efficiency of public research universities in Malaysia (PRUMs) by employing the non-parametric Fuzzy Data Envelopment Analysis (FDEA) methodology. By utilizing Fuzzy DEA (FDEA) model with algorithm, this study observes the PRUMs efficiency status during the study period and the expected average efficiency for the next 2021/2022 academic year. To further benchmark the efficiency of PRUMs at the international arena, this study assesses PRUMs’ technical efficiency by grouping them together with selected public research universities in Asia (APRU).
The contribution of this study is two-fold. First, while many studies on performance measurements of high education institutions (HEI) studies apply DEA methods, this study is among the very few that employ Fuzzy DEA approaches. This study integrates the concept of fuzzy set theory with the traditional DEA by introducing an algorithm to measure the technical efficiency of PRUMs in the form of fuzzy linear programming (FLP) models. Secondly, while DEA model requires precise input and output data of HEIs, this study utilizes the QS World University Ranking research output indicators as the output variables of the Fuzzy DEA model. Clearly the QS metric is beyond the control of any DMUs, thus the application of FDEA suits the criteria to measure the technical efficiency performance of PRUMs at the international level.
Findings from this study reveal, while all PRUMs are expected to be fully efficient in the next 2021/2022 academic years, this is not the case when benchmarked against the selected Asian public universities. Areas of improvement can be observed by determining the respective variables that need further analysis to achieve full efficiency
Services trade performance in China: An empirical analysis / Dong Hanghang
No full textTheoretical and empirical analyses have proved that the services industry plays a crucial role in China’s economic growth and international trade. However, China exports far fewer services than its imports, which has led to weak competitiveness in its services exports. This situation has resulted in a lack of impetus for the sustained development of trade in services. This study has examined the competitiveness of the services trade by calculating the revealed comparative advantage of China’s service sectors based on the value-added exports of the forward-linkage method from 2000 to 2014. The results showed that China’s service sub-sectors showed a comparative disadvantage compared with other selected countries. Fortunately, the value of the revealed comparative advantage has gradually increased in recent years. This study used the augmented gravity model, using 42 trading partners, to examine the determinants of China’s services trade from 2000 to 2014 by adopting the Poisson Pseudo Maximum Likelihood High- Dimensional Fixed Effect. The empirical results showed that the economic sizes of China and its trading partners, the sharing of common borders, China’s fixed telephone subscriptions, the exchange rate, and the perception of lower corruption in partner countries positively contributed to the level of services trade between China and its counterparts. In contrast, trade restrictiveness and the distances between the capitals of China and its counterparts were negatively associated with China’s services trade. The greater availability and adoption of information and communications technology in China’s partner countries have negatively (positively) affected China’s services exports (imports). Fortunately, the benchmark regression results were strongly robust when using alternative methods. Besides using qualitative analysis, this study analysed how China’s services sector has contributed to China’s overall trade performance and how government policies and the COVID-19 pandemic have influenced China’s services. It was found that China is gradually opening up its service sectors by relaxing some restrictions on market access. Additionally, knowledge-intensive services are gradually starting to play a critical role in China’s economic growth. The COVID-19 pandemic has badly affected servicesector foreign direct investment, but the effect is only expected to last for a short while. Finally, this study has highlighted that China should actively develop more service trade cooperation with countries together with the "Belt and Road" Initiative. It also needs to liberalise the services trade further and relax restrictions on the movement of people, especially in the fields of technology, tourism, overseas study, business, and culture. Last, China should focus on scientific and technological research and development and increase investment in scientific and technological innovation
Prevalence and characterization of Escherichia coli in Kelantan river and its adjacent coastal waters / Chai Siong Kiat
No full textThe presence of Escherichia coli (E. coli) as fecal indicator bacteria in river and seawater may cause mild to serious infections and constitutes a public health risk. Water samples were collected from 15 sites along the Kelantan River, estuaries and its adjacent coastal waters to examine the occurrence and diversity of E. coli. The abundance of E. coli ranged from 3.1 x 10 to 1.6 x 105 CFU 100 mL-1, and total suspended solids correlated significantly with E. coli abundance (r2 = 0.165, p < 0.001) and rainfall (r2 = 0.342, p < 0.001). Phylogenetic group B1 (29.7%) and A (29.4%) were the most prevalent whereas groups B2 and D were least abundant. The higher abundance of phylogenetic group D detected at upstream sites of Kelantan River suggested fecal contamination mainly of animal origin. Canonical correlation analysis showed that phylogenetic group B2 seemed to thrive in water with higher dissolved oxygen levels whereas phylogenetic groups A and D were greater in waters with higher inorganic nutrients e.g. NH4, NO2 and NO3 whereas phylogenetic group B1 appeared to have better salinity tolerance amongst phylogenetic groups
Morpho-physiological and proteome changes and influence of exogenous application of oil palm wood vinegar (OPWV) on the growth of drought-stressed Pandanus amaryllifolius / Muhammad Asyraf Mohd Amnan
No full textDrought is a significant threat to the agricultural sector, as it can negatively impact plant growth, yield, and survival. However, our understanding of how plants respond to drought stress and recover from it is limited. To address this knowledge gap, further research on the molecular regulation of drought stress signalling in plants is indispensable. Oil palm wood vinegar (OPWV), a waste product from the palm oil industry, potentially mitigates the adverse effects of drought stress on plants. This study hypothesised that drought stress would impact the morphology, physiology, biochemistry, and molecular responses of P. amaryllifolius, and exogenously applying OPWV would alleviate the adverse effects of drought stress. To test this hypothesis, P. amaryllifolius plants were exposed to drought stress for 0, 4, 7, 10 and 14 days before being sampled for the morphological, biochemical and protein response analyses. The results showed that drought stress caused a decreased leaf relative water content (LRWC) and chlorophyll content in P. amaryllifolius. In contrast, the relative electrolyte leakage (REL), proline and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents, and the activities of antioxidant enzymes in the drought-treated and recovered samples were relatively higher than in the well-watered sample. Several abundantly altered proteins of drought-stressed, well-watered, and recovered samples were identified using tandem mass tags (TMT)-based quantitative proteomics. Of the 1415 differentially abundant proteins, 74 were significantly altered. Most proteins differing between them were related to carbon metabolism, photosynthesis, stress response, and antioxidant activity. On the other hand, drought stress enhanced the expression of several drought-responsive genes, such as heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), thaumatin (Thau), enolase (ENO), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and β-fructofuranosidase (β-Fruc). Applying OPWV to drought-stressed P. amaryllifolius improved plant morphology, such as increased LWRC, stem circumference, root-to-shoot ratio, chlorophyll pigments, and reduced relative electrolyte leakage, leaf yellowing, and leaf folding percentage. OPWV treatment also decreased stress-related indicators, such as hydrogen peroxide, proline, and malondialdehyde, and increased the antioxidants activity, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase. In addition, the relative expression of drought-responsive genes, HSP70 and Thau, was significantly enhanced, while ENO and β-Fruc gene expressions were reduced under drought conditions with OPWV treatment. These findings support the idea that the exogenous application of OPWV enhances drought tolerance in P. amaryllifolius by effecting changes at both morphological and molecular levels. This study provides insights into morpho-biochemical and proteome changes in P. amaryllifolius under drought stress conditions and how OPWV impacts its drought tolerance. These data may provide a potential strategy for minimising growth inhibition due to abiotic stress in agricultural fields