13474 research outputs found
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Production of Malaysian kenaf Hibiscus cannabinus callus biomass and exopolysaccharide in a cell suspension culture / Danial ‘Aizat Norhisham
No full textA local fibrous crop, kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) is commonly utilised within traditional fields such as paper and pulp production, textiles and bio-composites. Many often overlook its vast potential due to its well-established fibre usage where its future applications can eventually penetrate diverse industries such as medical, pharmaceutical, cosmeceutical and food, owing to its extracts’ therapeutic activities. However, our heavy reliance on traditional farming to ensure a consistent supply of kenaf raw materials is deemed to be unsustainable. This is because concerns about land availability, crop quality and time efficiency will arise if we were to upscale its extract production for industrial purposes. Thus, plant cell suspension culture is opted to solve the aforementioned issues as this method can produce a large amount of kenaf callus biomass (KCB), the source of the extracts. But an optimization study involving its working parameters; sucrose concentration (g/L), agitation (rpm), 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) concentration (mg/L) and naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) concentrations (mg/L) is a must. This is to ensure an efficient suspension culture of kenaf in terms of the cost, resources, time, and potential future upscaling activities using bioreactors. Furthermore, it is to maximise the production of the KCB and a potential therapeutic compound, kenaf exopolysaccharide (EPS) from the suspension culture. So, in this dissertation, a preliminary study of kenaf cell suspension culture was conducted using callus that is formed on the stem of 14-days old kenaf seedlings for the establishment of the kenaf callus growth curve. At the end of the suspension culture, KCB and EPS were harvested as the cultivation’s products. It was found that the most suitable time to harvest the cultivated kenaf callus is on the 22nd day of the culture, with a KCB of 9.09 g/L and 1.10 g/L EPS. Then, the optimization of kenaf callus in suspension culture was conducted using response surface methodology (RSM) to study the interaction and optimize the working parameters (sucrose, agitation, NAA and 2,4-D) for the production of KCB and EPS. A central composite design (CCD) was utilised and the polynomial model was fitted to the experimental data. The models generated were significant (p<0.05) with sucrose, agitation and NAA having a strong effect on KCB and EPS production. The maximum predicted outcome of KCB (13.34 g/L) and EPS (1.62 g/L) can be achieved using the optimized parameters; 50 g/L of sucrose, 147.02 rpm and 2 mg/L of NAA. Then a molecular characterization of EPS was performed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The absorbance at 3299 cm-1, 2933 cm-1, 1628 cm-1, 1081 cm-1 and 865 cm-1 in the spectra suggested that EPS from kenaf is of α-configuration (α-glucan). To conclude, this research provides a blueprint for kenaf callus cultivation in cell suspension culture for mass-production purposes to produce its extracts’ source, callus. This study also determined the type of the excreted polysaccharide during the suspension culture of kenaf which is found to be α-glucan that has been previously proven to have useful properties such as anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antioxidant
Impacts and roles of community-based ecotourism in Pantai Cunang, Selangor / Angelena Jawai Anak Aloh
No full textThis study aims to highlight the application of community-based management approaches in ecotourism in Pantai Cunang and its impact on the environment and indigenous communities in Pantai Cunang. This area was chosen because ecotourism in Pantai Cunang has been fully managed by the Mah Meri community of the Orang Asli Village of Tanjung Sepat for a long time before the development of ecotourism was carried out. To conduct this study, three main objectives have been stated, namely; i) to analyze the impact of community-based ecotourism on the environment and socioeconomics of communities Local Mah Meri on Pantai Cunang, ii) to investigate the role of local communities in community-based ecotourism management in Pantai Cunang, and iii) to study stakeholders’ perceptions of community-based ecotourism management in Pantai Cunang. The researcher has used primary and secondary data collection methods from questionnaires, interview sessions, and references to articles and websites. Descriptive analysis, Pearson Correlation, multi regression, thematic analysis and indicators were used to analyse the data. Through this study, it has been found that community-based ecotourism in Pantai Cunang has received positive outlook from the stakeholders and it also has a relatively minimal negative impact on environmental and socio-economic aspects. However, community involvement in ecotourism management in Pantai Cunang is minimal due to the main employment opportunities in the study area being relatively limited. Therefore, various suggestions are also made in this study
Cabaran pembangunan ekonomi kreatif untuk pelancongan halal: Kajian di Madura, Indonesia / Kamiluddin
No full textIndonesia merupakan sebuah negara yang memiliki potensi dalam sektor pelancongan. Dalam konteks pelancongan berasaskan ekonomi kreatif, Sumenep merupakan salah satu daerah di Madura yang berpotensi untuk dikembangkan secara optimum. Namun, isu-isu seperti penghasilan produk patuh syariah, bahan mentah dan pemasaran produk turut menjadi cabaran pengusaha ekonomi kreatif di Sumenep. Justeru itu, kajian ini dilakukan untuk meneliti secara lebih dekat pembangunan ekonomi kreatif untuk pelancongan halal di Sumenep dengan memberi tumpuan kepada cabaran sebenar yang dihadapi oleh pengusaha ekonomi kreatif khususnya sektor kraftangan. Oleh itu, kajian ini mempunyai tiga objektif. Pertama, meneliti konsep ekonomi kreatif untuk pelancongan halal. Kedua, untuk menganalisis cabaran pembangunan ekonomi kreatif untuk pelancongan halal di Sumenep. Ketiga, menganalisis strategi pembangunan ekonomi kreatif untuk pelancongan halal di Sumenep. Bagi mencapai ketiga-tiga objektif tersebut, kajian perpustakaan dan lapangan dilaksanakan. Kajian perpustakaan dilakukan bagi memperolehi data sekunder berkaitan dengan ekonomi kreatif dan pelancongan halal menerusi kajian-kajian terdahulu. Kajian lapangan pula dilakukan bagi memperolehi data primer dengan menggunakan tiga teknik iaitu pemerhatian, temu bual dan dokumentasi. Data yang dikumpul kemudiannya dianalisis menggunakan analisis tematik. Hasil analisis kajian menemukan tiga dapatan utama. Pertama, dalam pelaksanaan konsep pembangunan ekonomi kreatif untuk pelancongan halal ialah keselarasan mengenai pembangunan ekonomi kreatif dengan kriteria pelancongan halal menurut Tim Percepatan Pembangunan Pelancongan Halal (TP3H). Kedua, sembilan cabaran dihadapi oleh pengusaha ekonomi kreatif di Sumenep meliputi kualiti dan kuantiti sumber manusia, modal, produk patuh syariah, pesaing dari luar kawasan, bahan mentah, strategi pemasaran, infrastruktur maklumat dan teknologi, dan dasar kerajaan. Pesaing dari luar kawasan merupakan cabaran paling utama yang dihadapi oleh pengusaha ekonomi kreatif Sumenep. Ketiga, strategi latihan, bantuan modal usaha, inovasi produk, pewujudan sistem pemasaran, perkongsian usaha serta penubuhan pusat perundingan dan pembangunan dilaksanakan bagi menangani cabaran tersebut dengan kerjasama pihak pengusaha dan juga kerajaan. Hasil kajian ini diharap dapat memberi input kepada pembangunan ekonomi kreatif untuk pelancongan halal di Sumenep, Indonesia khususnya dan negara-negara sekitarnya
Konsep rayuan dan semakan menurut hukum syarak dan pelaksanaannya di Mahkamah Syariah Wilayah Persekutuan / Nadzratul Farieha Harun Arrosyid
No full textSuatu keputusan yang diputuskan di pengakhiran pertikaian akan mengikat kepada pihak-pihak dalam kes tersebut. Namun begitu, terdapat juga keadaan di mana pihak-pihak yang merasa terkilan terhadap keputusan tersebut akan memfailkan rayuan atau semakan ke mahkamah atasan. Tujuan kajian ini dikaji adalah untuk mengetahui tentang konsep rayuan dan semakan menurut Hukum Syarak dan seterusnya mengkaji pelaksanaan kedua-dua proses ini di Mahkamah Syariah Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur (MSWPKL). Kajian ini berbentuk kajian kualitatif dengan memperoleh data melalui persampelan secara rawak mudah bagi kes-kes rayuan dan semakan terpilih di MSWPKL untuk meneliti alasan dan tempoh masa yang diambil dalam penyelesaiannya. Temu bual separa berstruktur juga dijalankan bersama Hakim Syarie MSWPKL serta Peguam Syarie yang aktif beramal di Kuala Lumpur bagi mendapatkan realiti sebenar dalam pelaksanaan proses rayuan dan semakan Mahkamah Syariah. Temu bual juga dijalankan ke atas beberapa Hakim Syarie di Malaysia bagi melihat pengamalan proses rayuan dan semakan di negeri-negeri. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa tempoh masa penyelesaian bagi kes rayuan dan semakan, kedua-duanya mengambil masa yang lama melebihi dari setahun khususnya dalam kes rayuan peringkat Mahkamah Rayuan Syariah. Hal ini kerana proses rayuan lebih melibatkan pihak-pihak semasa proses pengurusan kes rayuan di hadapan Ketua Pendaftar/Pendaftar berbanding proses semakan yang hanya menyemak rekod prosiding kes tanpa melibatkan pihak-pihak. Oleh itu, peri penting kepada sesuatu penambahbaikan terhadap hierarki mahkamah serta prosedur seperti Key Performance Indicator (KPI) dalam kes rayuan serta pemahaman pihak-pihak litigan dalam fungsi dan prosedur sebenar rayuan atau semakan. Adalah perlu semua pihak yang terlibat mengambil daya usaha dalam memastikan konsep sebenar kedua-dua komponen ini dapat difahami dan dengan baik agar penyampaian keadilan keadilan dapat disampaikan kepada masyarakat
Pendekatan dakwah terhadap pesakit oleh Briged Bakti Malaysia, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur / Muhammad Munzir Al Majdy Fauzi
No full textPesakit adalah golongan yang perlu diberikan perhatian oleh pendakwah.Mereka memerlukan sokongan fizikal dan mental daripada pendakwah untuk menghadapi ujian.Terdapat sejumlah pesakit yang tidak solat semasa berada di hospital. Di sini badan bukan kerajaan (NGO) memainkan peranan tersebut dengan berdakwah kepada pesakit.Briged Bakti Malaysia cawangan Wilayah Persekutuan (KL) sejak 2015 telah menjalankan dakwah di kalangan pesakit. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti pendekatan dakwah terhadap pesakit. Selain itu, pengkaji juga mengkaji pendekatan dakwah yang dilakukan Briged Bakti Malaysia, Wilayah Persekutuan (KL) dan masalah dakwah yang dihadapi. Kajian ini berbentuk kualitatif dengan menggunakan metod temubual semi struktur dan dokumentasi untuk mengutip data. Dapatan kajian mendapati terdapat tiga pendekatan dakwah terhadap pesakit iaitu pendekatan bijaksana,mauʿiẓah ḥasanah dan mujādalah. Hasil kajian mendapati BBMWPKL mengunakan tiga pendekatan dakwah yang sama. Seterusnya, BBMWPKL menghadapi empat masalah dakwah iaitu dari sudut pendakwah, organisasi dakwah, sasaran dakwah dan musuh dakwah
Air contaminant hazards assessment at graphite electrode manufacturing workplace: Dust survey and chemical exposure monitoring / Manprith Singh Sarjit Singh
No full textDust emission in graphite electrode manufacturing’s during its processes has been a concern as it is associated with occupational respiratory disease and goes further than physical effects. This study aims to carry out survey for the dust emitted and the air contaminants hazards at selected workplace of a graphite electrode manufacturing at the baking process. A total of ten spots has been identified to collect the gravimetric dust. The gravimetric dust taken at total ten sampling points represents the activity area at the Baking process. Fine suspended dust particles from both primary source and secondary source contribute to the particulate loading in the atmosphere and the surrounding surfaces. This study was carried out to look into these dust emission issues and the expected health impact to the operators. Gravimetric dust survey is carried out at each process locations namely the autoloading, scrapping at the Enrima machine, bake and re-bake, pitch impregnation, cleaning of the GE with the calculated to the level of dust fall in a period of 8 hours, time weighted average. Gravimetric dust is collected to assess the amount of dust that is generated from the operations at baking process. There is also dust going airborne and the airborne dust is assessed using a calibrated equipment to assess the particulate matter at 1 μm, 2.5μm and at 10μm. Chemical exposure monitoring is carried out by competent person for the operation staffs at site. The result for gravimetric dust reading shows some processes generate more dust especially when the cleaning is carried out to the electrodes and the secondary dust gets airborne from the manual bagging process. The results show different locations of process activities generated different levels of dust. As for airborne particulate matter, the dust percentage is higher for larger particulate matter during activities at site and lower particulate matter sizes airborne at non-activity sites as the heavier dust has settled faster. Exposure monitoring was carried out by competent hygiene technician personal, which was carried out for actual operators who are exposed to these conditions and the result shows that all operation staffs are below the permissible exposure limits. It is Risk controls suggestion proposed are based on the Hierarchy of control
Electronic customer-to-customer interaction and customer stickiness in social commerce in China: A motivation-opportunity-ability theory perspective / Zhou Ying
No full textSocial media and Web 2.0 technologies have converted e-commerce into a new
business paradigm known as social commerce. This advancement has shifted the role of
customers and empowered them by putting them in a unique position to influence other
buyers and offer purchase advice. While considerable research has been undertaken on
consumer behaviour, understanding the factors that drive electronic customer-tocustomer
interaction (eCCI) is limited, particularly in the social commerce context.
Additionally, as most empirical studies into the eCCI phenomena have been undertaken
at the firm level, a significant opportunity remains to understand eCCI at the individual
level. This limitation arises from a dearth of theoretical frameworks for such behaviour.
In this study, the key factors that encourage eCCI on social commerce sites are collected
from the literature. Drawing from motivation-opportunity-ability (MOA) theory, this
study aims to observe how MOA theory constructs (intrinsic motivation, perceived selfefficacy
and tie strength with other customers) integrate impact eCCI, which in turn
affects customer stickiness. A purposive sampling method was used to select 445
customers from social commerce sites in China. A multi-method approach was adopted,
combining partial least squares-structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM), the PROCESS
macro and necessary condition analysis (NCA). The PLS-SEM results demonstrated that
eCCI behaviour is strongly determined by intrinsic motivation, perceived self-efficacy
and tie strength with other customers. Among these factors, intrinsic motivation partially
mediates the association between perceived self-efficacy and eCCI. The findings also
demonstrated that eCCI impacts customer stickiness. Moreover, the moderated mediation
results showed that tie strength with other customers moderates the relationship between
intrinsic motivation and eCCI. Furthermore, the NCA results suggested that intrinsic
motivation, perceived self-efficacy and tie strength with other customers are necessary conditions for eCCI, and eCCI is necessary for customer stickiness. The combined results
indicated how researchers and practitioners could identify the critical factors for eCCI
and customer stickiness, resulting in the best possible outcomes. This study enriches
previous research on existing theories of eCCI and gives practical guidance for companies
to encourage eCCI and enhance customer stickiness of company social commerce sites.
Overall, this study introduces a new way of assessing eCCI and reports eCCI behaviour
as a new and dynamic approach to explore how its outcomes can be enhanced in social
commerce marketing. Such outcomes may help social commerce and service providers
in delivering their services
The methodology of the noble Qur’an in reforming the individual and society in the light of the Exegesis of Al-Maraghi: The Community of Al-Azhar University in Egypt as a reference / Mahmoud Mohamed Fathy Gouda Gad
No full textThe period of Al-Maraghi witnessed changes and fluctuations because of which corruption spread and its manifestations multiplied. Sheikh Al-Maraghiattempted the interpretation of the Noble Qur’an to treat the pathological phenomena with the Qur’an’s means. Due to the similarity between the present to the past in the aspects of corruption and the dire need forreform, this study this topic:“The Holy Qur’an’s Approach for Reforming Individuals and Community in light of Al-Maraghee exegesis: The Community of the Honourable Al-Azhar University as a Model”. The study adopted the inductive methodology and the descriptive analytical methodology. The study also used the field methodologyby means of a questionnaire that was conducted on the selected sample from the studycommunity. This study aimed at knowing therelationship between Shaikh Al-Maraghi’s life and his exegesis ofthe Holy Qur’an, clarifying the Holy Qur’an’s approach in reforming the individual and societyin light of the interpretation of Al-Maraghi, and showing the impact of the Al-Maraghi’s exegesis on reforming the individual and society within Al-Azhar University. This study found a group of results. The first is that reform in Islam is a comprehensive process involving individuals and community in all their aspects including the religion andthe world, and its topic is the human soul, people, and society. The second is that some of the most important channels for individual, intellectual and behavioral corruption that Al-Maraghi was eager to deal with in his exegesis are arrogance, anger, the perversion of lust, and imitation. The third is that there is a correlation between the straightness of the individualand the reform of society.According to the Al-Maraghi Exegesis, the reform of society depends on developing positivity towards community reform, the treatment of moral corruption in community, the reform of the relationship among the individuals, and the reform of the family, which represents the unity of building societies.The applied study agreed with the theoretical part presented by the researcher regarding Al-Maraghi and hisexegesis and the relationship of the political, social and intellectual reality to the exegesis of Al-Maraghi, the importance of reform for the individual and community due to the large and widespread corruption, and the necessity to follow the approach of the Noble Qur’an in reforming the individual and community.According to the application that there are a number of challenges facing reform inside Al-Azhar University, including: the general failure to perceive the nature of Qur’anic reform in the light of Al-Maraghi’sexegesis, and the lack of awareness of the danger of intellectual influences on the reform process of the individual and community.Al-Maraghi’s Exegesis affected greatly in two aspects: intellectual process and Behavioral process on reform in the Al-Azhar University, which made it a source of the approaches of reform and its meansfor researchers. The researcher recommended that approaches of exegetists should be studied in the twentieth century to clarifythe relationship of exegeses to social reality
Adaptive charts for estimated parameters and coefficient of variation / Masthura Yahaya
No full textAmong adaptive charts, the variable parameters (VP) chart shows the best performance as it varies all charting parameters. The existing VP chart is designed by assuming that process parameters are known. However, process parameters are rarely known but are usually estimated based on Phase I data. Hence, the V
Instrumental analysis of monophthongs of Hadrami Arabic / Azah Al-Abd Abdullah Al-Tamimi
No full textHadrami Arabic is the dialect spoken by Hadrami people in Hadramawt, the southern part of Yemen. This study aims to instrumentally analyze the acoustic properties of the eight monophthong vowels of Hadrami Arabic, three short vowels (/i/, /a/, /u/) and five long vowels (/i:/, /a:/, /u:/, /e:/ and /ɔ:/). The targeted vowels are placed in between CVC and CCVC syllables, to be inserted in natural sentences. All sentences are read naturally by Hadrami Arabic speakers, who were born and live in the city of Seiyun in Hadramawt. They are aged between 36 – 60 years old. Acoustic and auditory analysis is used to investigate quality and duration of the monophthongs in Hadrami Arabic. Both the first and second formants are analyzed as well as vowel duration in milliseconds based on gender variation. The findings of vowel quality show HA vowels’ classification in the acoustic vowel space. The HA /i/ and /i:/ are high front vowels. The HA /u/ is a high central vowel while the HA /u:/ is a high back vowel. The HA /a/ is a mid-low front vowel while the HA /a:/ is a low front vowel. The HA /e:/ is a mid-high front vowel whereas the HA /ɔ:/ is a low back vowel. The findings of vowel quantity indicate that vowel duration is maintained between all vowel pairs. The duration of long HA vowels is more than double the duration of the short ones. Findings also indicate gender differences in pronouncing vowels for both vowel quality and quantity. While male speakers pronounce higher and more retracted HA vowels, female speakers pronounce longer HA vowels. A comparison between HA vocalic system and other Arabic vocalic system shows that all HA vowels have a slight tendency to be lower and more fronted than all other Arabic vowels and the HA long and short vowels pairs maintain a moderate range of length distinction compared to other vowels of other Arabic dialects