13474 research outputs found
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Gas dynamics in galaxy clusters and galaxies / Danial Ahmad Ariffin Lee
No full textThis thesis presents the results from a search for Neutral Hydrogen (HI) for the central region of the galaxy clusters A426 and A1367 using a 7m radio telescope. The resulting beam is substantially larger than previous studies, covering the central 2.5–3 Mpc diameter of these clusters. The detection of HI allows the mass of atomic gas associated with the cluster core to be estimated. The HI is not associated with any particular cluster member but present due to ram pressure and tidal stripping or recombination of intracluster gas. Overall results have revealed the presence of a significant mass of atomic hydrogen gas with relatively narrow velocity dispersion in the cores of A426 and A1367. The dynamics and evolution of clusters is highly dependent on the environment around the galaxies themselves. The parameters of these galaxies give an insight into how clusters function. Two spiral galaxies, NGC 1068 and NGC 1097, are used as case studies. Data from the Atacama Large Millimeter/Sub-millimeter Array (ALMA) and Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) were used. The ALMA data uses Carbon Monoxide (CO) to uncover the rotation curves in the inner regions of the spiral galaxies. The rotational velocity of the galaxy proved useful in classifying them. The mass of HI in the A426 cluster was (3.2 + 0.4) x 1010 solar masses, with the A1367 has (1.6 + 0.4) x 1011 solar masses. For A426 and A1367 the detected HI gas is not consistent with the velocity range of the gas-rich spiral galaxies known within each cluster, leaving open the possibility that this cool atomic gas traces the gas cooling out of the intracluster medium in the cores of the cluster
The differences in I‘Rab in the Quranic verses and their effects on meaning based on the views of al-Shanqitiy / Syed Shahridzan Syed Mohamed
No full textThe difference in grammatical cases(I’rab) in the holy verses of the Qur'an according to Al-Shanqiti and its effect on the determination of the meaning of the verse is a problem that issues some research questions such as: what is the method used by Al-Shanqiti in the determination of I'rab in verse the Holy Quran, his stand on the differences of I'rab and the effect of the differences towards the determination of the meaning of the interpretation of the Al-Quran Al-Karim. The importance of this study is to explain the meaning supported by the holy verses of the Quran and the explanation of what is meant from the semantic angle of grammar. The method of this study is based on scientific studies in which it involves the steps involved in the journey of the scientific of I'rab Al-Quran knowledge and guided by the principles of critical analysis and evaluation. The purpose of this study explains the methodology used by Shanqiti to explain the position of I'rab verses of the Holy Qur'an and evaluate his stand on the difference in the position of the I’rab verses. Furthermore, this study also examines Shangiti’s commitment towards the determination of the meaning of the Holy Qur'an and his interpretation on the effect of the differences in the position of I'rab. So far, it has been found that no thesis has ever studied this title in the same way as this comprehensive study which begins with the general overview of the study, followed by a detailed discussion and concludes with conclusions and suggestions. It is hoped that this study can be adapted as one of the syllabuses of Al-Quran and Arabic studies in the future. Furthermore, this study assesses the choice (tarjih) of an i’rab position that is influenced by the thought of Shaqiti’s aqeedah, Fiqh(Islamic jurisprudence), Arabic Linguistic(Grammar and Rethoric) and Quranic Tafsir. Amongst others, the findings of the study has found that the importance of I'rab al-Quran's knowledge plays an important role in the preservation of the recitation of the Al-Quran which defines the signs of the case and also defines the meanings of the verse, as I'rab serves as a distinction between meanings. It is not only focused towards mastering the Arabic language; but it is also useful towards the mastery of the other branches of knowledge within the Islamic studies especially within the field of tafseer Al-Quran
Vision and sensor-based signer-independent framework for Arabic sign language recognition / Ahmad Sami Abd Alkareem Al-Shamayleh
No full textHearing and speech-impairment disability is widespread throughout the world. At present, 15 million people have this disability in the Arab world, and about 86% of them come from low- and middle-income countries. Meanwhile, sign language (SL) can be classified into standard Arabic sign language (ArSL) and local Arabic sign language (LArSL). ArSL is the formal standard and is the more acceptable SL in the Arab world; it is also considered as the medium of instructions for schools and universities as well as television news, shows and programmes. With the absence of usable ArSL recognition (ArSLR) platforms, hearing- and speech-impaired people tend to be isolated and face serious difficulties in communication and interaction.
The focus of this thesis is to design and create a new ArSL and an ArSLR framework, which cover all ArSLR approaches and ArSL forms based on the standard criteria and consensus of SL experts. Essentially, this thesis proposes two frameworks for modelling and developing ArSLR. The first framework represents a usable static backhand and a signer-independent approach for the ArSLR of letters and number signs based on the Vision-Based Recognition (VBR) approach using a smartphone camera. The second framework represents a usable hybrid VBR and sensor-based recognition (SBR) approach for signer-independent continuous ArSLR development and evaluation using Microsoft Kinect and Smart Data Gloves.
To accomplish the research objective, an extensive systematic literature review has been conducted to create research taxonomies and to identify the research gaps on ArSLR approaches and ArSL forms of signs. For the first framework, the input signs to the ArSLR framework were first split into open and closed hand signs. Then, the ArSLR framework identified suitable approaches of recognising open and closed hand signs, such as the discrete wavelet transform, which was integrated with 1D-signature signals in closed hand signs. The open hand signs were differentiated through the distribution of quantised area levels, which were generated from the Run-Length Matrix. Statistical analysis approaches were employed to compute the feature descriptors. In our modelled framework, the multi-classification approach was implemented in the recognition phase. The presented framework has the ability to recognise ArSL static backhand finger numbers and letters with a recognition accuracy of 95.63%.
The second framework shows how to jointly exploit the VBR and SBR for accurate ArSLR made by the signer-independent. Firstly, a dedicated solution for the combined calibration of the two different devices was proposed. Then, a set of novel feature descriptors was used both for the smart gloves and for Microsoft Kinect. Finally, the proposed feature sets were fed to the multi-class support vector machines. Experimental results show that the obtained accuracies for the Arabic alphabet, Arabic numbers, isolated words, and continuous sentences datasets of this ArSL database are 99.38%, 99.42%, 99.15% and 99.55%, respectively. In conclusion, the created database and the proposed frameworks are able to increase the performance of the ArSLR
Unsupervised monocular depth estimation with multi-scale structural similarity powered loss function / Ali Kohan
No full textDepth Estimation refers to a set of techniques and algorithms that aim to obtain a representation of spatial information of a scene. Nowadays specific hardware such as sensors, radars and multiple-view-recording cameras are being used in order to acquire depth data of a scene. Modern approaches use deep learning to address this task by trying to learn depth information in a supervised manner. However, this approach requires a large amount ground-truth data for a particular scene so that a model can be trained successfully. Also preparing ground-truth data for a range of environments is a challenging and expensive task to accomplish. Most recent works in this context have proposed self-supervised learning approaches, where they implicitly infer the target data from a stereo pair of images and use that self-obtained target data to train a deep neural network to learn disparities of the two views from the image pair. Disparities between two horizontal views of a same object, says all about how much that object moves on the horizontal line from one view to the other. Predicting the disparities will help calculate the depth data of the scene using simple geometric formulas. This approach however has shown some flaws in estimating depth on specular and transparent surfaces, where they end up predicting inconsistent depth for such surfaces. In this work a novel training objective is proposed, where a deep convolutional neural network learns to predict depth from a single image, where it improves the quality of depth prediction for specular and transparent surfaces. This proposed method follows the previous works that try to reconstruct the right-view of a scene, given the left one. On top of that, having considered the importance of loss layers in the performance of neural networks, it suggests a new image reconstruction and matching loss function that is aimed to improve depth estimation consistency on specular and transparent surfaces. The proposed loss function is perceptually motivated by the human visual system, assuming that it will help increase image reconstruction quality while maintaining key structures of a scene; hoping that it will impact directly on depth prediction which resolves the aforementioned deficiencies of the predecessor works
Optimal network reconfiguration and distributed generation sizing with consideration of protection system / Mohamad Norshahrani Abdul Rahim
No full textResearch on network reconfiguration (NR) considering distributed generation (DG) commonly focus on the issues of power loss, voltage deviation, DG sizing and its placement. These works are important and required in the planning stage of the distribution networks. In most of the past works, the protection system is neglected in this stage although it is essential to prevent the network from damages during operation. Without proper consideration of protection system settings and coordination during NR, the protection system may operate inaccurately. This happens due to changes in current flow and fault level when the network changes its configuration. As a result, the distribution system with new configuration may fail to be protected when a fault occurs. In order to avoid this problem, this study proposes optimal NR for distribution networks connected with DG with consideration of the protection system. Due to the high capital cost of setting a new protection scheme, reconfiguration without changing the existing protection schemes is mostly preferred by the network operator. Therefore, this research aims to find the optimal configuration which provides minimum power loss, optimal DG sizing and at the same time ensuring existing protective settings unaffected by the network reconfiguration and DG operation. The optimization of NR and DG sizing is formulated simultaneously in consideration of the application for normal condition, fault condition and restoration. Meanwhile, the protection system settings are incorporated as constraints in the optimization process. In this research, the considered protection devices are overcurrent relay, recloser and fuse. In order to further improve the power loss reduction and voltage profile, the fuses are replaced with overcurrent relays. To ensure minimum operating time, the relay time multiplier setting (TMS) is optimized. The effectiveness of the proposed method is analyzed on IEEE 33-bus, IEEE 69-bus and IEEE 118-bus distribution system. The obtained results demonstrate that NR without considering the protection system settings will lead to failure in the protection distribution system. Despite higher power loss of 11.4% to 25.8% as compared to the configuration without considering protection constraint, the proposed method able to ensure the protection system is working accurately. Based on the results, it can be observed that with the consideration on protection constraints, the proposed method manage to improve the network's performance of 33-bus, 69-bus and 118-bus by 55.1%, 43.5%, and 49.2% of power loss reduction respectively compared to the power loss in the initial configuration
Development of nano carbon and conducting polymers based ternary composites for supercapattery / Javed Iqbal
No full textAlthough significant efforts have been devoted on the development of energy storage systems such as batteries and fuel cells in the past decades, the low power density, short cyclic life and high maintenance cost have kept them away from many applications. Alternatively, supercapattery which has the characteristic features of batteries as well as supercapacitors has gained much attention because of its rapid charge/discharge mechanism, long life cycle, and high power density. However, supercapattery generally suffers from poor energy density. This research aims to develop carbon and conducting polymers based ternary nanocomposites for high performance supercapattery. Pristine metal oxide nanostructures suffer from high particle aggregations which lead to decrease the electrochemically active sites, therefore, conducting matrices are used to develop the nanocomposites. In this work, hydrothermal route was used to develop ternary nanocomposites of metal oxide (cobalt oxide, Co3O4), noble metals (silver (Ag) and gold (Au)) and carbonaceous matrices such as multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), reduced graphene oxide (rGO) as well as conducting polymers such as polypyrrole (PPy) and polyaniline (PANI). The synthesized ternary nanocomposites were characterized by various analytical techniques. The electrochemical performances were studied through cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge-discharge and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy techniques. In the first system, ternary nanocomposites of multiwalled carbon nanotubes intercalated with cobalt oxide nanograins and decorated with silver nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized and used for supercapattery application. The fabricated device Ag/Co3O4@MWCNTs//activated carbon (AC) delivered maximum energy and power density values of 16.50 Wh kg-1 and 297.50 W kg-1, respectively. In the second system, gold nanoparticles were used instead of silver to synthesize the ternary nanocomposite (Au/Co3O4@MWCNTs) to check the effect on the device performance by changing the noble metal. The supercapattery device demonstrated splendid cycling stability with a retention value of 91.90 % in 1 M KOH (potassium hydroxide) electrolyte for over 3500 cycles with an energy density of 18.80 Wh kg-1 at a power density of 302.00 W kg-1. In the third system, ternary nanocomposite was synthesized with rGO instead of MWCNTs and evaluated its (Ag/Co3O4@rGO) performance as positive electrode material in supercapattery. The assembled devices found to deliver the highest energy density 23.63 Wh kg-1 at a power density of 440.00 W kg-1. In the fourth system, polypyrrole was used as a conducting platform to synthesize the ternary nanocomposite and subsequently used to develop two electrodes assembly (Ag/Co3O4@PPy//AC). The resultant device achieved the maximum energy density of 24.79 Wh kg-1 with the corresponding power density, 554.40 W kg-1. In the fifth system, polypyrrole was replaced with polyaniline to develop ternary nanocomposite, i.e., Ag/Co3O4@PANI. The fabricated device (Ag/Co3O4@PANI//AC) based on ternary nanocomposite deliver energy density and power density, 14.01 Wh kg-1 and 165.00 W kg-1, respectively. From the obtained results, it can be understood that all the five systems incorporated with carbonaceous matrices and conducting polymers as a conducting platform produced excellent results. This work ventures the frontiers of carbonaceous materials and conducting polymers based ternary nanocomposites for energy storage devices
A geochemical perspective on the hydrocarbon compositional variation within East Malay basin: Implication for oil exploration / Nurfadhila Mohd Sharef
No full textMalay Basin is a prospective basin which perceived to be matured basin in terms of hydrocarbon generating potential. Many significant oil discoveries made since 1970’s includes Seligi, Pulai, Tapis and Bekok oil fields. These fields have been producing until now. Despite its matured stage, there are still more oil discoveries in various parts of Malay Basin until now. Oil discoveries include light and high density oils with various challenges in oil development project. This dissertation focuses on oil fields in East Malay Basin particularly Lerek, Chermingat, Lawang and Serudon oil fields. The objectives of this research are to study the variation of oil composition in the study area and understand how these factors impact oil exploration and development project. Within the same geological setting of J reservoir, the accumulated oil property varies and influence the decision for oil development project. Lerek oil field was discovered in 1993 but currently stranded in development due to its nature of high density oil. On the contrary, Chermingat oil field which was discovered in 1992, similarly contain high density oil but has been developed successfully. Geochemical data shows that oils accumulated in shallow reservoir with temperature of lesser than 80°C within the study area are affected by biodegradation. However, it does not necessarily signify low mobility oil contributed to uneconomic oil development project. Oil production data collected from internal PETRONAS report shows that Chermingat oil which is severely biodegraded have high flow rate during production test. Systematic review was performed to understand the variation and classify the oils according to its origin based on the oil characteristics. Based on the analysis performed, results indicate that the oils are generated from source rock which was deposited in the similar environment setting. Organic matter input during source rock deposition which results in variation of wax content in oil is one of the factors that control oil property. Biodegradation is secondary process. The oil property directly affects oil mobility and flow rate which influence project economic
Use of virtual learning environment on Malay language vocabulary acquisition among primary school remedial pupils / Tang Hock Ching
No full textVirtual Learning Environment has been introduced in the educational field as a tool to enhance student‟s learning and to help the students by including computers and the internet in the learning process. This study investigates the effect of Virtual Learning Environment towards the acquisition of Malay language vocabulary among remedial pupils. Three participants of Year Four went through the intervention where Frog Virtual Learning Environment was integrated into 40 lessons of Malay language vocabulary session. Their Malay language semantic skills and syntax skills were measured twice: during the baseline phase before the intervention and during maintenance phase after the intervention. Upon the intervention, the remedial class teacher was interviewed about the effects of Frog Virtual Learning Environment on primary remedial pupils. Participants‟ performance in post-test showed that Frog Virtual Learning Environment successfully enhanced Malay language vocabulary acquisition among remedial pupils. The remedial teacher also expressed her satisfaction and readiness of using Frog Virtual Environment in the remedial classroom. This study not only aims to improve Malay language vocabulary among remedial pupils, but also to suggest effective instructional approach to teachers for them to apply virtual learning environment in remedial classroom
Pelaksanaan aktiviti di luar waktu pengajaran dan pembelajaran Pendidikan Moral sekolah menengah / Vijaya Malani Verasamy
No full textSemakan kurikulum sering dilakukan dengan mengambil kira peredaran semasa, keperluan dan perubahan global dalam bidang pendidikan. Bermula tahun 2017, Pendidikan Moral menengah rendah di Malaysia mengandungi tambahan 32 jam aktiviti di luar waktu pengajaran dan pembelajaran (ALPdP). Tumpuan utama guru kepada domain penaakulan moral berbanding dengan emosi moral dan perlakuan moral (Shaarani Ismail, 2019) menjadi pencetus kajian ini dilaksanakan. Pelaksanaan 32 jam ALPdP menampakkan peluang kepada guru dalam menerapkan ketiga-tiga domain moral secara seimbang. Kajian ini dijalankan dalam reka bentuk kajian kes dengan menggunakan kaedah kualitatif. Reka bentuk kajian kes merupakan reka bentuk yang sesuai digunakan dalam kajian ini kerana kajian kes memberi ruang sesuatu kajian dilakukan dalam situasi sebenar dengan pelaku sebenar secara heuristik. Dalam konteks kajian ini penyelidik telah mengkaji persepsi guru, cabaran dan peluang serta sokongan yang diperoleh guru dalam pelaksanaan ALPdP. Peserta kajian terdiri daripada guru Pendidikan Moral yang mengajar murid menengah rendah. Tujuh peserta kajian dari enam buah sekolah di sekitar Lembah Klang terlibat secara sukarela dalam kajian ini bagi tujuan pengumpulan data. Data dikumpulkan melalui kaedah temu bual (one-to-one), pemerhatian dan penelitian dokumen. Analisis data telah dibuat sebaik sahaja penyelidik mula mengumpulkan data. Hal ini dikatakan demikian kerana analisis data secara berterusan dapat mengelakkan longgokan data dan memastikan data dikumpulkan secara sistematik serta memudahkan proses analisis data. Penyelidik telah menggunakan kaedah analisis tema dalam kajian ini. Dapatan kajian berkaitan persepsi guru mengenai pengenalan ALPdP menunjukkan bahawa guru Pendidikan Moral menengah rendah masih kurang jelas mengenai pelaksanaan ALPdP dan menyatakan bahawa penerimaan ALPdP masih kurang memberangsangkan dalam kalangan guru Pendidikan Moral menengah rendah. Guru Pendidikan Moral menengah rendah turut menyatakan bahawa masih kurang motivasi dalam pelaksanaan ALPdP yang diperkenalkan oleh KPM di peringkat sekolah. Di samping itu, guru Pendidikan Moral menengah rendah kurang menjiwai pelaksanaan ALPdP. Hal ini dikatakan demikian kerana ALPdP dilaksanakan oleh guru sematamata untuk mematuhi arahan yang dikeluarkan oleh Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia (KPM). Kelakuan sambil lewa murid, penguasaan bahasa yang lemah dalam kalangan murid, kehadiran murid yang tidak konsisten, kekangan kewangan, kekurangan tenaga pengajar di sekolah, kawalan kelas semasa ALPdP dan kurang pendedahan mengenai ALPdP merupakan cabaran dalam pelaksanaan ALPdP. Pada masa yang sama, ALPdP ini turut memberi peluang kepada guru dalam menerapkan amalan nilai, memupuk kesedaran moral, mencungkil kreativiti murid, meningkatkan kemahiran berkomunikasi dan menyemai minat murid dalam Pendidikan Moral. Guru Pendidikan Moral menengah rendah memperoleh sokongan dari dalam dan luar sekolah. Sokongan yang diperoleh adalah daripada pentadbir, ketua panitia Pendidikan Moral, ahli panitia Pendidikan Moral dan penceramah luar. Dapatan kajian ini mempunyai implikasi yang penting terhadap matlamat Pendidikan Moral, ahli panitia Pendidikan Moral dan penceramah luar. Dapatan kajian ini mempunyai implikasi yang penting terhadap matlamat Pendidikan Moral, murid, guru dan Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia (KPM)
Makna numeral Hindu Arab murid tahun empat / Syaheela Atikah Hashmi
No full textKajian ini bertujuan untuk meneroka makna numeral Hindu Arab murid Tahun Empat. Dalam kajian ini, reka bentuk kajian yang digunakan adalah kajian kes yang melibatkan empat orang murid Tahun Empat sekolah rendah di negeri Selangor yang dipilih melalui kaedah persampelan bertujuan. Data dikumpul melalui tujuh sesi temu duga klinikal dengan menggunakan pelbagai tugasan berkonteks dan juga tanpa konteks diberikan kepada peserta kajian. Dalam kajian ini, empat tugasan pelbagai format berkonteks dan juga tanpa konteks telah diberikan kepada peserta kajian semasa temu duga. Transkripsi temu duga telah di analisis secara dalam kes dan merentas kes. Keputusan analisis merentas kes menunjukkan yang murid Tahun Empat memberikan enam makna berbeza kepada numeral Hindu Arab iaitu makna Tanda Nama atau Label, makna Bilangan, makna Turutan, makna Kedudukan, makna Posisi dan makna Ukuran. Kajian ini mendapati makna-makna yang diberikan berbeza berdasarkan konteks yang diberikan. Pertama, makna ‘tanda nama atau lebal’ sering kali diberikan apabila konteks berkenaan dengan nombor rumah, nama sesuatu kedai atau premis dan juga numeral pada sehelai jersi diberikan kepada peserta kajian. Makna ῾bilangan’ pula diberikan oleh peserta kajian berkenaan dengan bilangan sesuatu benda yang boleh dikira dan ῾bilangan’ juga boleh dinyatakan juga dalam bentuk nilai skala iaitu sedikit, banyak, berkurang dan juga bertambah. Seterusnya, makna ῾turutan’ pula diberikan apabila peserta kajian diberikan konteks berkenaan dengan giliran dan juga situasi sesuatu nombor yang berturutan dan diapit dengan nombor sebelum dan juga nombor selepas sesuatu nombor manakala makna
῾kedudukan’ pula merujuk kepada kedudukan sesuatu mengikut situasi tertentu. Sebagai contoh, kedudukan pemenang peserta dalam sesuatu pertandingan dan juga numeral pada lif yang menunjukkan kedudukan aras atau tingkat rumah seseorang. Makna kelima iaitu ῾posisi’ merujuk kepada kedudukan posisi pemain berserta dengan fungsi posisi tersebut di dalam sesuatu perlawanan. Terakhir iaitu makna ῾ukuran’ di mana ia merujuk kepada jarak yang boleh diukur menggunakan sesuatu alat pengukur