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Pengaruh orientasi kepemimpinan pengetua, iklim dini dan atribut psikologi terhadap prestasi guru: Analisis multilevel / Nor Zanariah @ Roba’atul Adawiah Talib
No full textKajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti pengaruh pemboleh ubah peringkat organisasi (Orientasi Kepemimpinan pengetua dan Iklim Dini) serta pemboleh ubah peringkat individu (atribut psikologi guru – Kepercayaan kepada pengetua, Motivasi, dan Komitmen) terhadap Prestasi guru. Selain itu, kajian ini juga bertujuan untuk melihat peranan pemboleh ubah mediator (Kepercayaan kepada pengetua, Motivasi dan Komitmen) serta peranan pemboleh ubah moderator (Iklim Dini dan Religiositi) dalam hubungan tersebut. Kajian ini dijalankan melalui pendekatan kuantitatif dengan menggunakan kaedah kajian keratan rentas. Melalui teknik pensampelan rawak berkebarangkalian berstrata berkadaran, 266 orang guru dan 1326 orang murid dipilih sebagai responden kajian. Borang soal selidik diedarkan di 55 buah sekolah menengah kebangsaan di Selangor. Reka bentuk kajian adalah pemodelan pelbagai peringkat (multilevel modeling) yang memfokuskan kepada pengetua dan sekolah pada peringkat tinggi (upper level) serta para guru dan murid pada peringkat rendah (lower level). Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan perisian Statistical Package for Social Science version 20.0 (SPSS), Structural Equation Modeling version 20.0 (SEM) dan Hierarchical Linear Modeling version 7.0 for student (HLM). Kesahan konstruk instrumen kajian dibuktikan melalui ujian faktor analisis (EFA dan CFA) manakala kesahan peranan mediator dinilai menggunakan kaedah Monte Carlo bootstrapping. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan, (i) pada peringkat organisasi, Orientasi Kepemimpinan pengetua dan Iklim Dini merupakan pemboleh ubah yang berpengaruh secara langsung dan tidak langsung terhadap Prestasi guru; (ii) apabila membandingkan antara Orientasi Kepemimpinan pengetua dan Iklim Dini, didapati Orientasi Kepemimpinan merupakan peramal yang mempunyai pengaruh lebih dominan terhadap Kepercayaan guru (γ =.59, SE =.05, p<.001) manakala Iklim Dini merupakan peramal yang mempunyai pengaruh lebih dominan terhadap Motivasi (γ =.21, SE =.08, p<.007), Komitmen (γ =.23, SE =.06, p<.001) dan Prestasi (γ =.17, SE =.06, p<.010); (iii) dalam perbandingan antara Kepimpinan Spiritual, Kepimpinan Transformasi dan Kepimpinan Instruksional, Kepimpinan Spiritual merupakan gaya kepemimpinan yang mempunyai pengaruh paling dominan terhadap Kepercayaan (γ =.45, SE =.06, p<.001) manakala Kepimpinan Transformasi merupakan gaya kepemimpinan yang mempunyai pengaruh paling dominan terhadap Komitmen (γ =.17, SE =.08, p<.039) dan Prestasi (γ =.23, SE =.09, p<.012); (iv) pada peringkat individu, faktor Kepercayaan kepada pengetua, Motivasi dan Komitmen menyumbang kepada Prestasi guru; (v) Kepercayaan, Motivasi dan Komitmen berperanan sebagai mediator dalam hubungan yang positif antara semua pemboleh ubah bebas dan pemboleh ubah terikat yang diuji; (vi) Iklim Dini menjadi moderator bagi hubungan positif antara Komitmen dan Prestasi (B =.14, S.E =.07, t =2.04, p<.047), Motivasi dan Prestasi (B =.11, S.E =.04, t = 2.73, p<.009) juga Orientasi Kepemimpinan dan Kepercayaan (B = .82, S.E = .66, t =-2.76, p<.008). Manakala Religiositi pula menjadi moderator bagi hubungan positif antara Kepercayaan dan Komitmen (B =.10, S.E =.59, t =1.87+, p<.063). Berdasarkan dapatan kajian, model konsep yang dinamakan PRISMA (Pengetua sebagai Role model, Iklim Sejahtera, Murabbbi Altruistik) telah dihasilkan sebagai implikasi utama terhadap teori dan amalan. Model yang berasaskan orientasi kepemimpinan pengetua, iklim sekolah dan pengupayaan guru sebagai sumber kerja dalam profesionalisme keguruan ini adalah sesuai dengan konteks nilai, budaya dan sosial tempatan malah selari dengan konsep Islam. Model ini dapat menjadi panduan bagi melonjakkan kecemerlangan institusi pendidikan di Malaysia
Effectiveness of virtual manipulative teaching method in enhancing year four pupils’ understanding of fractions / Kavitha Karbal Singh
No full textFractions are common numerical representations in mathematics. However, they seem to be a complicated mathematical concept to master, particularly among school pupils. Pupils have a hard time studying fraction due to insufficient understanding of the concept. An effective teaching method is therefore essential for the teaching and learning of this particular component. The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of the virtual manipulative teaching method in improving the understanding of fraction among Primary Year Four pupils. Essentially a quasi-experimental research, the method used was a non-equivalent, control group pretest-posttest approach. A total of 80 pupils from a government primary school in Selangor were categorized into two groups in which the first group was the experimental group (N = 40) and second was the control group (N = 40). The experimental group was taught the concept of fraction using the virtual manipulative method, while the control group was taught the concept of fraction without using the method. Both groups were tested before and after the experiment using the Test for Understanding of Concept of Fraction. The result of the paired t-test of the experimental group for pre and posttest scores shows that the pupils’ understanding of fraction increased significantly after the experiment i.e. t (39) = 18.14, p < .0005. Whereas, the independent posttest mean experimental score i.e. M = 18.83, SD = 2.872 and control group i.e. M = 14.18, SD=4.242 shows that the pupils’ understanding the concept of fraction is noticeably different from the control group i.e. t (78) = -5.79, p < .05. Thus, it has been concluded that the virtual manipulative method is successful in improving Year Four pupils' understanding of the concept of fraction
Exploration of critical literacy with an English graphic novel among year four pupils / Preena Nair Unnikrishnan
No full textTo be critically literate is considered one of the crucial objectives in an era in which we have instant and unrestricted access to a variety of information. Individuals should be able to reflect, evaluate and critique whatever information received instead of being passive recipients. However, current research in the field suggest that even tertiary level learners in different countries of the world lack the ability to read in between the lines and to think critically. Therefore, developing learners who are critically literate is a major concern in the current educational research. Employing the dimensions of disrupting the commonplace and interrogating multiple perspectives from the Four Dimensions Critical literacy framework developed by Lewison, Flint and Sluys (2002), this study examine how critical literacy is facilitated during the English Language Arts lessons in the Malaysian primary school settings. Using qualitative data from audio recordings of the classroom lessons, pupils’ interviews, teacher interviews and pupils’ artefacts in the form of reflective notes and work samples, this study provided detailed examples of how Malaysian primary learners responded to the two dimensions of critical literacy when they were guided by their teacher during the class discussions and activities revolving The Jungle Book graphic novel. The findings of the study suggest that with various forms of support, learners, even at a young age are already capable of handling critical literacy work. This study also suggests possibilities of how examining young learners’ responses as they disrupt the common place and interrogate multiple viewpoints in the text can provide information to education practitioners to better support young learners in their development of questioning, challenging, and evaluating the meanings and purposes of texts from an early age
Misconceptions on chemical bonding among form four pupils / Quah Mei Ling
No full textThe learning of chemical bonding in chemistry is an abstract concept for all students.
The process of learning chemistry can be classified into three levels which are
macroscopic, sub-microscopic, and symbolic levels. Students have problems
correlating all three levels in learning chemical bonding. During the transition of these
three levels, students face difficulties in relating the macroscopic and sub-microscopic
levels which lead to misconceptions. Therefore, the purpose of conducting this study
was to explore the misconceptions of chemical bonding which includes ionic bonding
and covalent bonding among Form Four students. This study aimed to answer two
research questions; 1) what are the misconceptions (if any) of chemical bonding among
Form Four students and 2) how is the misconceptions on chemical bonding among
Form Four students. A mixed-method design was applied to this research. The type
of mixed method design starting with quantitative method and followed by qualitative
method. In the first phase, which was the quantitative method, the participants were
selected by convenient sampling where a total of 36 participants were selected. All the
participants selected were given a two-tier diagnostic test to answer within 20 minutes.
The data collected was analyzed descriptively to answer research question one. The
second phase was the qualitative method, where 7 students were selected based on
their diagnostic test scores to be interviewed in-depth on their misconceptions. These
students were purposively selected for having the lowest scores. The findings showed
that students have conceptual misunderstanding and factual misconception on
chemical bonding and these misconceptions are students unable to differentiate ionic
and covalent bonding, students failed to identify the type of particles in ionic and
covalent bonding and students unable to construct the structure for ionic bonding. Lastly, students failed to apply proton number and valency of electron of an element
which needed for students to interpret the chemical bonding
Effects of gender and socioeconomic status towards Form Four Pupils’ statistical thinking abilities / Ong Jing Hui
No full textStatistical thinking abilities of Form Four students are not known as there is a lack of studies that measures it. Despite the fact that the students were exposed to the same curriculum and pedagogy, the thinking abilities of students varied in terms of gender. There is also uncertainty in whether socio-economic status is a cause that affects statistical thinking abilities due to lack of research in that particular area.
This study aimed to examine the effects of gender and socio-economic status on statistical thinking abilities of Form Four students. To answer the three research questions of this study, survey descriptive design and causal comparative design were employed. 180 Form Four students (90 males, 90 females) of three socio-economic status groups mainly low socio-economic status group (N = 65), middle socio-economic status group (N = 98), and high socio-economic status group (N = 17) from several secondary schools in the area of Shah Alam, Selangor participated in this study.
Statistical thinking abilities consist of three levels mainly ability to organize and reduce data, ability to represent data, and ability to analyze and interpret data. An instrument called the Statistical Thinking Abilities Test (STAT) was used to measure Form Four students’ statistical thinking abilities levels. The result of analysis of descriptive statistics showed that most Form Four students were at level 1 (42.2%) and level 2 (46.1%) of statistical thinking abilities levels.
The result from the Mann-Whitney U test revealed that the level of statistical thinking abilities of male students (Mean rank = 95.61) was different with female students (Mean rank = 85.39). The result indicated no significant differences of students’ statistical thinking abilities by gender, U = 3590, p = .148. The result from Kruskal Wallis H test shown significant differences in students’ statistical thinking abilities by socio-economic status, χ2(2) = 34.591, p = .001, with mean rank statistical thinking abilities low socio-economic status (60.07), middle socio-economic status (101.06), and high socio-economic status (145.97).
This study has implication to teachers, researchers, curriculum planners, and teaching educators. Teachers are able to utilize the rubric to gauge the statistical thinking abilities levels of the students and prepare suitable lesson plans accordingly. Researchers can pursue further study by looking at other factors that affect statistical thinking abilities and the interaction effect among them. Curriculum planners benefit from this study through better understanding of the statistical thinking abilities to incorporate them into the mathematics curriculum. Teaching educators also benefit from this study by utilizing the ideas and operations of statistical thinking abilities to monitor students’ development pace of statistical thinking abilities from various socio-economic status backgrounds.
In conclusion, past researches’ findings shown gaps in students’ statistical thinking in comprehending statistical concepts, which prompted the study to measure the statistical thinking abilities levels of Form Four students and the factors that affect it. The findings shown evidence of significant effect of socio-economic status on statistical thinking abilities of Form Four students where most of them are at the first and second level of statistical thinking abilities
Production of renewable hydrocarbon fuel via titanium oxide-alumina (TiO2-Al2O3) catalytic deoxygenation reaction / Ooi Xian Yih
Get PDFThe renewable hydrocarbon-like biofuel from biomass is crucial to substitute fossil fuel. Catalytic deoxygenation is a biofuel upgrading process to eliminate the high oxygen content in biofuel which will lead to corrosion, instability and lower heating value problems. The choice of support is significant to provide the maximum acid strength for the hydrogenolysis of C-O bonds. Al2O3 supported catalyst has drawn attention due to the high acidity. However, the high acidity leads to coke deposition, unstable and deactivation of the catalyst. Thus, it is important to develop methods to improve catalyst performance, reduce catalyst coking and enhance catalyst lifetime. Recently, Al2O3-TiO2 mixed oxide catalyst has drawn increasing attention in deoxygenation process owing to its unique properties which can solve the issues from Al2O3. Controlled synthesis method is significant to improve the effectiveness of Al2O3-TiO2 in catalytic reaction since the physicochemical properties of the catalyst are co-related to the processing methodology. A series of mesoporous Al2O3-TiO2 mixed oxide catalysts with different TiO2 content (0.1Ti-0.9Al, 0.2Ti-0.8Al and 0.3Ti-0.7Al) have been synthesized. The physicochemical properties of the catalysts were characterized by XRD, FESEM-EDX, BET, FTIR, FTIR-Py, NH3-TPD and TGA. The deoxygenation (DO) of triglyceride (i.e. triolein) was carried out in the absence of hydrogen and solvent. The mesoporous Al2O3-TiO2 catalysts showed high performance on the catalytic activity. It was found that 0.2Ti-0.8Al catalyst exhibited the highest conversion (76.86%), and selectivity (27.26%) toward n-C15 + n-C17 at 380 °C for 4 h. The excellence performance of mesoporous Al2O3-TiO2 was attributed to its acidity, mesoporosity and large surface area. The results reveal that the mesoporous Al2O3-TiO2 catalyst is a promising catalyst for the synthesis of hydrocarbon-like biofuel via deoxygenation
Thermotropic and lyotropic phase behaviours of spontaneously self-assembled amphiphilic branched-chain glycosides with various chain length / Hairul Amani Abdul Hamid
Get PDFLipid polymorphism is a process which illustrates the self-assembly of lipid aggregation depending on the environment. Lipids such as branched-chain glycolipids which are amphiphilic molecules also known as amphitropic tend to generate mesophases in thermotropic (dry) and lyotropic (solvation) conditions. These molecules are capable of self-aggregating into various types of glycolipid self-assemblies offering an interesting insight in relation to their functions in living cells. Hence, this study aims to investigate the mesophases of ꞵ-D-glycosides which are branched-chain synthetic glycolipids, namely, ꞵ-D-glucosides and ꞵ-D-maltosides. The study was carried out on the thermotropic phases of dry glycosides and the lyotropic phases of glycosides in excess water conditions, mesomorphic behaviours of ꞵ-D-maltosides and their lamellar hydration properties; and structural parameters at fixed hydration for ꞵ-Glc-C12C8 and ꞵ-Mal-C12C8 (the effect of different sugar head groups). These ꞵ-D-glycoside compounds are characterised using optical polarising microscopy (OPM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and small-angle X-ray diffraction (SAXD). Optical textures of the ꞵ-D-glycosides were also observed via water contact penetration experiments. Results revealed that different types of phases were produced showing a variety of lipid self-assembly. Upon heating and cooling using OPM, the dry glucosides were observed to exhibit L2, LC and HII phases. However, the glucosides in excess water condition produced Lα, Ia3d and HII. On the other hand, the maltosides adopt L2, LC, VII and HII; L1 and Lα in dry and excess water, respectively. Furthermore, the thermotropic transition temperatures and enthalpies of the ꞵ-D-glycosides were determined using a DSC. The ꞵ-D-glucosides series produce only a single transition peak TC, however, the ꞵ-D-maltosides series display the Tg and TC. Moreover, X-ray beamline was used to determine the X-ray d-spacing values of ꞵ-D-glycosides subjected to certain temperatures in dry, excess water and limiting hydration conditions. X-ray results provide L2, Lα and HII phases of dry ꞵ-D-glucosides and L1, Lα, Ia3d and HII phases of ꞵ-D-glucosides in excess water. From X-ray measurements, the ꞵ-D-maltosides give LC phase in dry and Lα in excess water conditions. Only LC phase appears for dry ꞵ-Mal-C8C4, ꞵ-Mal-C10C6, ꞵ-Mal-C12C8 and ꞵ-Mal-C14C10 characterised by SAXD. In overall, Lα phase dominates the lyotropic self-assembly in excess water of longer chain length maltosides as determined from the X-ray method. Consequently, an area per molecule and weight % of water can be estimated. The ꞵ-Mal-C10C6 shows the highest weight % of water (25%) and the lowest area per molecule (56.5 Å2). The ꞵ-Mal-C14C10 gives the highest value of area per molecule (59.7 Å2). Structural parameters of ꞵ-Mal-C12C8 and ꞵ-Glc-C12C8 were compared. Both compounds show the same trend in terms of water layer thickness, bilayer thickness, area per molecule as function of volume fraction of water and temperature. This work examined an in-depth study of glycolipid self-assembly mesophase in dry, excess water, and limiting hydration conditions, specifically looking at sugar head and branched-chain hydrocarbon with the effect of temperature. The liquid crystalline phases formed by these compounds makes them potential lipid candidates for variety applications such as drug delivery nanocarriers
Expression of KI-67, FSCNI and TNFRSF 12A in histologically non-involved mucosal surgical margins as predictive markers for local relapse in oral squamous cell carcinoma / Nur Fauziani Zainul Abidin
Get PDFIntroduction: The presence tumour-related genetic alterations in histologically noninvolved mucosal surgical margins was linked to development of local relapse in OSCC.
Aims: The present study aimed to determine the association between expression of Ki67, FSCN1 and TNFRSF12A in histologically non-involved mucosal surgical margins of
OSCC patients and local relapse. Materials and methods: The study involved a total of
34 OSCC cases including 15 cases of patients who had relapse within the 5 years followup period and 19 cases of patients who did not had relapse. Two-stage sampling was
carried out to select the margins’ site, followed by the representative sections from the
selected site. All the selected sections were subjected to FSCN1, TNFRSF12A and Ki-67
immunostaining. The immunostaining for FSCN1 and TNFRSF12A were evaluated by a
semi-quantitative approach (HSCORE), while Ki-67 immuno-positivity was scored by
the percentage of positive staining cells in randomly selected fields (Labelling index).
The correlation of FSCN1, TNFRSF12A and Ki-67 expressions and clinicopathological
parameters with OSCC relapse were analysed by Chi-square test. Binary logistic
regression was performed to predict the relationship of OSCC relapse and the
significantly associated parameters. Results: Our results showed that expression of
FSCN1, TNFRSF12A and Ki-67 in histologically non-involved mucosal surgical margins
was weak to moderate in both study and control groups. OSCC relapse in this study was
significantly associated with patients’ age (p < 0.001), pattern of invasion (p = 0.007),
Chinese ethnicity (p =0.013), presence of epithelial dysplasia (p < 0.001), and alcohol
consumption habits (p = 0.025). Age was the only predictor of relapse from the binary
logistic regression analysis with an 11-fold risk of OSCC relapse noted in relation to
patients who were aged above 57.5 years. Conclusion: The expression of FSCN1,
TNFRSF12A and Ki-67 in histologically non-involved mucosal surgical margins in the
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present study was not associated with relapse in OSCC. However, patients’ age may be a
reliable predictor for OSCC relapse
Analysis of one way valve mechanism for wings of a flapping drone / Deng Xinchen
Get PDFThe flapping drone is one type of MAVs which is defined as a miniature unmanned aerial vehicle that is inspired by flying birds and insects. Flapping wings can make a perfect combination of thrust and lift by flapping up and down with full usage of unsteady air. The flapping drone has the advantages of high maneuverability and a special lift generation mechanism. Compared with rotary-wing or fixed-wing MAV, it is smaller, lighter, and has higher flight performance. It can quickly change the flight direction and flight speed by control the flapping frequency and it is the only flight mode that does not cause a stall. Therefore, flapping drones have great use value and prospects in the military and civilian fields. However, flapping drones have some disadvantages. Its wings only have one degree of freedom which makes it can only flap up and down so that the drag force created by flapping is always equal. This phenomenon affects the flight ability of drones.
The primary and secondary feathers of birds can cover and separate from each other. The feathers cover each other to increase the lift during the upstroke of wings and open to create a gap to reduce the drag during the downstroke. According to this mechanism, this research studied the one way valve mechanism to investigate the effects of one way valve on flight performance of flapping drones.
There are two parts of this research. The first part used ANSYS software to create several models of one way valve mechanism including single valve and two valves, different air inlets and four types of valve opening angles. Then CFD simulation was used to test the performance of these models. According to the comparison of the results, the conclusion is that the one way valves perform the most effective when the angle of the opening in the range of 30° and 45°.
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The second part used actual experiment to test the one way valve wings. There are four types of wings were designed, produced and tested the flight performance in this research. Four wings were also measured the velocity generated by wings on a test platform. The result of the actual experiment got similar conclusions with CFD simulation which is the one way valve with reasonable layouts on flapping wings can improve the flight capability of flapping drones
Three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of ultrasound foetal images using visualisation toolkit (VTK) / Grace Anabela Henry Dusim
Get PDFThree-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of two-dimensional (2D) ultrasound images has been used for easier analysing of anatomy related to abnormalities. 3D image reconstruction is required as it helps doctors interpret results and assess any defects quickly. Not only does it improve the accuracy of diagnosis, but it also saves a lot of time. In this thesis, 295 slices of 2D ultrasound images of a foetal are used to do 3D reconstruction using surface rendering, volume rendering, and multiplanar rendering technique. A similar software known as 3D Slicer is also used to reconstruct the ultrasound image for comparison purpose. VTK can easily reconstruct the ultrasound image into a 3D image. It also allows for the measurement of foetal biometry, hence, reducing the risk of measurement inaccuracy. Other than that, multiplanar rendering allows the operator to view the 3D image in multiple planes without having to mentally imagine the plane as what has been done in a 2D ultrasound. In conclusion, VTK can clearly and accurately reconstruct a 3D image as well as measuring the length between two points. This software can help a lot of physicians in assessing any foetal abnormalities faster and accurately