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Analysis of protection system setting in 11KV distribution system / Ammar Alamshah
Get PDFOne of the fundamental protections used in electrical network power system is Overcurrent and Earth Fault (OCEF) protection. They have to be both sensitive and quick in minimizing the electrodynamic and thermal stress imposed on the equipment during the fault time interval. It is utmost important for the relays to be capable of removing only the faulty section while keep up the flexibly to solid areas in the system. In order to achieve this objective, correct relay coordination setting is important to prevent the system from suffering catastrophic effects. These days, the consumer is enforcing raising performance demands by reducing operational and maintenance costs. At the same moment, improvement of the consistency and quality of supply is required. The cumulative fault current at each bus in the network needs to be determined to achieve the most effective relay coordination. This will be along with the calculation of relay settings to get the Time Setting Multiplier (TMS) value. The differential time graph of the relay grading curves will be plotted based on the value of size of CT, current setting, relay characteristic and TMS. This is due to the small margin inherited from the upper-stream utilities, a thorough analysis needs to be performed to achieve the strongest relay communication to a ring delivery network. This research report includes of reviewing of new ones of OCEF relay coordination setting in a ring distribution system, calculations on fault current, and suggestion on improvement of the relay coordination setting using directional relay and non-directional relay. A software to use for OCEF relay simulation of a distribution system was developed by writer using Microsoft Excel. It consists of fault current calculation, relay setting calculations and graphical plot of the relay grading curves. The proposed improvement of the relay coordination environment using directional relay and non-directional relay would provide a better method of distribution in terms of reliability and maintainability
Molecular dynamics simulations of phase behaviour and structural studies of guanidinium triflate ionic liquid and its mixture with water and N-methyldiethanolamine for carbon dioxide removal / Naimah Haron
Get PDFMolecular dynamics (MDs) simulations with an all-atom force field have been carried out to understand the phase equilibrium behaviour of aqueous guanidinium triflate [gua][OTf] ionic liquid (IL) (binary system) at 440.15 K, as well as the phase equilibrium behaviour of N-methyl diethanolamine (MDEA) with aqueous [gua][OTf] IL (ternary system) at 298.15 K. This work further elaborated the understanding of absorption mechanism of carbon dioxide (CO2) into ternary system at 298.15 K. For binary system, the simulations measured changes in different physical properties such as density, structural, bonding properties (radial distribution function (RDF)), water clustering and hydrogen bonding) and dynamic property (diffusion coefficient (D)). It was observed that water molecules started to connect with one another and formed a large hydrogen bond network throughout the system with an increasing water molar fraction. While for the ternary system, it is shown that the molecular level is slightly affected by the presence of MDEA and [gua][OTf] molar fractions. For MDEA-water interactions in [gua][OTf] media, MDEA prefers to be surrounded by water molecules rather than by MDEA molecules even at high MDEA molar fraction. Meanwhile, for [gua][OTf]-water interaction in MDEA media, as [gua][OTf] molar fraction increases, more water molecules replace counterions in the coordination shell of both [gua] and [OTf] ions, thus weakening their interaction. On the other hand, for MDEA-[gua][OTf] interactions in water media, it is found that, as the molar fraction of [gua][OTf] increases, a sulfonate group from [OTf] ion appears to have a stronger association by making hydrogen bonding with MDEA molecules. For the absorption mechanism of CO2 into a ternary system, the continuous increase of CO2 concentration does not affect the structure of IL, but CO2 molecules are always captured by the cavity of [gua] ion. Based on the physical properties of the ternary system, these ternary solvents can potentially be further studied to remove CO2 using aqueous MDEA and IL at high pressure in the natural gas industry
Occupational burnout among healthcare professionals in Obstetrics and Gynecology department of a public hospital in Islamabad, Pakistan / Sabin Kashif
No full textThe general purpose of this study was to investigate the extent of burnout experienced by
healthcare professionals working in obstetrics & gynaecology units in public hospital of
Islamabad, Pakistan. Specifically, this research attempted to explore the contributing
factors of burnout, by correlating the burnout scores of exhaustion and disengagement,
with the sociodemographic variables. The main objectives of the study were: (i) to assess
the levels of burnout as determined by the extent of exhaustion and disengagement among
the study participants, and (ii) to compare the mean scores of exhaustion and
disengagement among healthcare professionals based on different demographic
characteristics: (a) age, (b) gender, (c) marital status, (d) level of education, (e) work
experience, (f) working hours, and (g) salary of the participants.
This study used a cross-sectional, survey research design for data collection.
Demographic information, data on disengagement, and exhaustion were collected via a
25 items online survey. Oldenburg Burnout Inventory OLBI was used as the study
instrument. OLBI consisted of 16 items, 8 items each for exhaustion and disengagement
subscales. Responses were recorded on a four-point Likert scale. Data were analysed by
using IBM Statistical Packages for the Social Sciences, IBM SPSS version 26 software
package.
Response rate of the survey was 71.83%, as 102 of the total 142 eligible health
professionals responded to the survey. Ten (9.8%) participants were more than 50 years
old, 29 (34.3%) 40-49 years, 28 (27.5%) 30-39 years, and 35 (34.3%) participants aged
20-29 years. Majority of the respondents were female (96.1%). Sixty-seven (65.7%) were
iv
married. The study sample of 102 consisted of 55 doctors, 43 nurses and 4 operation
theatre technicians.
Results of the study reported five interesting findings. First, there were high mean
exhaustion and disengagement levels: 2.53+0.54 and 2.14+0.57, respectively, indicating
that on an average, the study participants experienced above threshold levels of burnout.
Approximately 40% of the participants were burned out (experiencing both exhaustion
and disengagement), while around 15% did not show burnout at all (both exhaustion and
disengagement below threshold levels). Second finding was that above 80% of the
participants were exhausted, whereas disengagement was present in 44%. Third, that
majority of the participants were females (96.1%). Fourth, that the participants more than
50 years old, were significantly more exhausted and more disengaged as compared to the
younger participants. Fifth finding was that healthcare workers working more than 60
hours per week were significantly more exhausted and more disengaged than those
working fewer hours than them.
This research concluded that there are considerably high burnout levels among obstetrics
and gynaecology healthcare professionals in Pakistan. This needs further in-depth
investigation and possible interventions to avoid serious consequences and provide better
human services. There is a need for workplace rules and policies regarding optimum
acceptable working hours, favourable work environments, appropriate work-life balance,
and well-designed wellness programs for all healthcare workers, especially for those
working in obstetrics and gynaecology. Appropriate measures on individual,
departmental, organizational, and government levels are required to address this problem
Hubungan di antara faktor keagamaan dengan pengambilan makanan halal dalam kalangan gelandangan di Kuala Lumpur / Muhammad Ammar Harith Idris
Get PDFGolongan gelandangan merupakan satu kelompok komuniti marginal yang terdapat di bandar-bandar besar, misalnya di Kuala Lumpur. Kewujudan golongan ini adalah disebabkan pelbagai faktor penarik dan penolak, antaranya adalah kemiskinan bandar, konflik keluarga, gangguan mental, kelemahan peribadi, penyalahgunaan dadah dan gejala sosial. Bertitik tolak daripada pelbagai faktor tersebut, mereka mengambil keputusan untuk tinggal di jalanan tanpa punya komitmen diri, tempat tinggal yang tetap dan sesuai serta sumber makanan yang mencukupi lagi halalan tayyiban. Bagi mengatasi permasalahan ini, pelbagai bentuk bantuan telah diberikan kepada gelandangan sama ada oleh agensi kerajaan ataupun pertubuhan bukan kerajaan, misalnya penyediaan penginapan transit, bantuan makanan, rawatan kesihatan secara percuma dan sebagainya. Namun begitu, bantuan makanan yang bersifat terbuka ini menimbulkan isu berkaitan pengambilan makanan halal bagi gelandangan yang beragama Islam sama ada pada waktu makan tengahari ataupun malam. Selain itu, pelbagai latar belakang pihak-pihak yang menghulurkan bantuan makanan dilihat wujudnya unsur ketidakjelasan terhadap aspek halalan tayyiban pada sumber makanan tersebut. Tambahan pula, situasi gelandangan yang bergantung kepada bantuan menyebabkan mereka menerima segala jenis makanan yang diagihkan walaupun tidak jelas status halalan tayyiban. Sehubungan itu, kajian ini menfokuskan terhadap hubungan antara tahap religiositi (ibadah maḥḍah-solat dan puasa) golongan gelandangan dengan bentuk pengambilan makanan harian mereka. Bagi mencapai objektif tersebut, pengkaji mengaplikasikan pendekatan perpustakaan yang berasaskan metode dokumentasi dan lapangan yang berasaskan metode temubual. Data kualitatif yang dikumpulkan dianalisis kandungannya secara tematik dan deskriptif. Hasil kajian mendapati bentuk pengambilan makanan antara gelandangan berbeza antara satu sama lain. Secara umumnya, bagi gelandangan yang yang mempunyai tahap religiositi yang tinggi, mereka lebih berhati-hati ketika mengambil bantuan makanan, sebaliknya bagi yang tidak mengamalkan ibadat solat dan puasa (wajib) dengan sempurna, mereka akan mengambil makanan tanpa pertimbangan aspek halalan tayyiban
Simultaneous analytical determination of Methyl salicylate and thymol in selected Malaysian traditional medicines / Muhammad Shahariz Mohamad Adzib
Get PDFVarious topical formulations comprise of methyl salicylate and thymol due to their
analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. The huge demand has led traditional
medicines being susceptible to adulteration with synthetic drugs or their analogues to
enhance their efficacy and to minimise the cost of obtaining the limited natural substance.
The objectives of this study are to analyse a suitable analytical method for simultaneous
determination of methyl salicylate and thymol in selected Malaysian traditional
medicines using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and to screen the
selected Malaysian traditional medicines for possible methyl salicylate and thymol
adulteration using the analytical method. Most literature search showed the determination
of methyl salicylate and thymol as an individual compound or in combination with other
compounds instead of both being detected simultaneously using a single method. Methyl
salicylate and thymol were separated at about 3.8 and 6.2 min, respectively at a flow rate
of 1 mL/min on C8 column with methanol and water (65:35) as the mobile phase, column
temperature of 35°C and detector wavelength of 230 nm within 9 minutes of run time.
Method validation was conducted and this method was rapid, sensitive, linear, specific,
precise and accurate. The validated method was applied for screening of methyl salicylate
and thymol in 10 samples of liniment and ointment. Half of the samples were detected
with methyl salicylate and none with thymol. Majority of the positive samples were
unregistered traditional medicines. Hence, the method can be adopted for routine quality
control analysis of methyl salicylate and thymol in traditional medicines
Zhao Xiaosheng and his original piano solo works / Xue Ke
Get PDFAs an influential composer in contemporary Chinese piano development, Zhao Xiaosheng has made outstanding contributions through his piano compositions, including original piano solos, transcriptions, etudes, concertos, and impromptus. His six original piano solos illustrate the development of his compositional career, which coincided with the development of Chinese new music from the period of the Cultural Revolution to the Reform and Opening-up. Therefore, in the context of Chinese new music, this research attempts to study Zhao Xiaosheng’s contributions by looking into his six original piano solo works, namely Textile Worker (纺织工人) (1974), Fisherman’s Song (渔歌) (1975), Ballade in D♭ Major (D♭大调叙事曲) (1976), Ballade in D Gong Mode (D宫调叙事曲) (1976), Hegemon-King Removes His Armor (霸王卸甲) (1981), and Tai Chi (太极) (1987).
The current study found that past literature mainly focused on the analyses and evaluations of Zhao’s Tai Chi Composition System and piano solo Tai Chi, and rarely examined his other five solo works. In addition, there is a lack of in-depth analysis of Tai Chi in terms of its organization of pitch-class sets and performance practice. Therefore, the research gaps found in the past literature became the focus of this study, and a discussion of the relationship between Zhao’s piano solos and Chinese new music is also carried out. A qualitative inquiry into the study of Zhao Xiaosheng’s original piano solo works attempts to answer the research objectives by performing text analysis of his six piano solo works, interpretations of the piano solo pieces in the area of performance practice, and identification of the compositional characters in the context of Chinese new music. Methods such as semi-structured interview with the composer, literature review, and score and recording analysis were employed to obtain primary and secondary data. A triangulation that allowed data validation as necessity of trustworthiness was the premise of acquiring a reasonable and valuable analysis result in portraying Zhao’s works.
By analyzing the six original piano solo works, the outcome revealed that Zhao’s piano solos mirrored the Chinese political and musical situation of the 1970s and 1980s, during which his pursuit of establishing Chinese musical language and form was reflected in the soundscape, context, content, rhyme, and aesthetics of his works. An integration of two-pole cultural absorption—the inheritance from China and learning from the West—is shown in the following pairs of relationships: program and non-program, sinicization and globalization, as well as Chinese identity and Western music education background
Digital marketing in theatre organizations: A study on Mahua fun age troupe in China / Wang Peng
Get PDFThe rapid popularization of Internet technology has changed the face of the whole world. With the advent of the era of digital, online marketing has come in a new way. Based on the traditional marketing methods, the marketing concept and model evolved from the traditional marketing methods are constantly innovated to play a role in the enterprise's marketing strategy and promote the enterprise to complete the overall business objectives more quickly. Shuyu Qi, a professor at the China academy of administration, said that in today's world, cultural development and economic development are increasingly integrated, and cultural industry has gradually become an important driving force for economic growth. Many countries have increased their efforts in the development of cultural industry, and the development of cultural industry in the world presents a situation of fierce competition (Daily, 2013). Vigorously developing the cultural industry has become a new trend in China. The successful operation of the theater will bring huge benefits to the whole cultural performance and urban development. In China today's drama performance market, young and middle-aged audience groups gradually become the main consumer, especially in China's biggest cities, drama lovers' consumption enthusiasm for drama performance is very high, in recent years, a number of emerging drama groups in China's rise, many works have a high box office income. The drama consumer group will become one of the main forces of social consumption in China. In the Internet era, how to adopt marketing strategies for drama lovers is a question that every theater operator must think about. This paper adopts the qualitative mode of on focusing on research methods like interview, observation and narrative method. The researcher through the case analysis of Mahua Fun Age company in China, analyzes the digital marketing of target audience in the current market of theatre performance market in China. To explore the development trend, marketing environment and the strategy of marketing of theatre performance market in the digital marketing era. Finally, based on the research conclusions, the author puts forward relevant and feasible digital marketing strategies suggestions, and reflects on the deficiencies of this research
Project risk management in Malaysian oil and gas industry: Implementation by EPC local Contractor / Zaim Aiman Che Rosli
Get PDFThe megaproject in Downstream Sector of Oil and Gas Industry only achieve 50% success rate which warrants attention by researchers. The Owners and Contractors are not
fully aware on the full range of project risks and only few have demonstrated the knowledge and expertise in managing risk effectively. The common understanding had
by the EPC Contractor is they are having the full flexibility and freedom in performing execution work by maximizing profit while still complying towards client’s requirement as the contract price has been fixed during award stage. However, there is a hidden risk
which seldomly being placed attention by the higher management after the project been
awarded to the winning EPC Contractor. Therefore, studies are needed to increase the understanding of recurring risks in the EPC projects and the risk management applied by
the Oil and Gas Company. However, limited studies have been performed in Malaysia Oil and Gas Industry. This research attempts to investigate project risk management implementation by EPC Local Contractor within Downstream Sector of Malaysian Oil and Gas Industry by providing the necessary recommendation for Oil and Gas Regulator
for improvement towards the risk management practices during execution phase. Data was obtained from thirty-three respondents via quantitative method and the distributed
through online survey. The study revealed that there is a sufficient awareness on risk management practices from Organization and Project Team in the EPC Local Contractor
and sufficient understanding on the benefit towards project performance. However, there is a gap on the risk management process based on this study towards the last process. The
study also found the differences in the limitations and barriers towards an effective risk management when compared with other industry for the case of Malaysia Oil and Gas.
iv Three (3) recommendations were proposed for consideration by the Regulator of Malaysia Oil and Gas Industry from this study which are (1) Training and Capability
Development, (2) Refinement towards requirement of risk management during tendering and (3) Selection of right Project Management Standard and Risk-Based Strategy from complexity assessment. Recommendation concluded from this study can act as a reference points by Regulator of Malaysian Oil and Gas Industry in enhancing the current
risk management framework for a continuous improvement.
Keyword: Malaysia, Oil and Gas Industry, Risk Management, EPC Local Contracto
Establishing factors affecting tax morale of the millennials in the gig economy / Farah Nabila Md Fadzil
Get PDFThe lack of clear conceptual framework and understanding of the tax morale in the gig economy is due to the contemporary literature being sparse. Considering the development of the gig economy, the purpose of this study is to provide insights on the factors affecting tax morale of those working in the gig economy. Data was then collected from millennials working in the gig economy through a questionnaire survey and analysed using second generation multivariate analysis, known as PLS-SEM. Taking into account self-efficacy and social cognitive theory as theoretical foundation, the findings reveal that while the extent of the dependency on the gig economy has a positive relationship on tax morale, level of education is negatively correlated. On the other hand, perceptual moral attentiveness is positively correlated with tax morale, unlike reflective moral attentiveness. Further, the findings of this study elaborate on the possibilities, limitations and how the findings can be implemented in practice especially in redesigning legal form. No earlier study has examined factors affecting tax morale in the context of the gig economy and this shall be beneficial to tax authorities and policymakers. This study also offers insights into the multidimensional aspect of tax morale of millennials working in the area of the gig economy
Effects of polytetrafluoroethylenemicro–particles on mechanical andtribological properties of glass fiberreinforced polyoxymethylene / Jasbir Singh Kunnan Singh
Get PDFReinforcing polyoxymethylene (POM) with glass fibers (GF) enhances its mechanical properties, but at the expense of tribological performance. Formation of a transfer film to facilitate tribo–contact is compromised due to the abrasiveness of GF. As a solid lubricant, for example, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) significantly improves friction and wear resistance. The effects of chemically etched PTFE micro–particles on the fiber– matrix interface of POM/GF/PTFE composites have not been systematically characterized. This research investigated the effects of PTFE micro–particles on mechanical and tribological properties of POM/GF/PTFE composites. Since PTFE is immiscible with most polymers, the surface was etched using sodium naphthalene salt dissolved in tetrahydrofuran to increase its surface energy. The porous etching layer, characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infra– Red (FTIR) techniques promoted mechanical interlocking as the matrix melt filled these surface imperfections. The effects of two variables, namely PTFE content and PTFE etch time, on the mechanical properties of the composite were studied. Experiments were designed in accordance to response surface methodology (RSM) using central composite
design (CCD). Samples were prepared with different contents of PTFE (1.7, 4.0, 9.5, 15.0, or 17.3 wt.%) at different PTFE etch times (2.9, 5.0, 10.0, 15.0, or 17.1 min). Four mechanical properties of the POM/GF/PTFE composites, that is, strength, stiffness, toughness, and hardness, were characterized as a function of two studied variables. The dependency of these mechanical properties on the PTFE etch conditions was analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Overall desirability, D global index, was computed based on the combination of these mechanical properties for POM/GF/PTFE composites. A continuous three–dimensional response surface plot with D global index as z–axis and the PTFE contents and PTFE etch times as x– and y–axis permitted a visual representation
where desirability can be maintained at a high level over a range of the two predictors. The D global index was found to be 87.5%, when PTFE content and PTFE etch time were
6.5% and 10 min, respectively. Good correlation between experimental and RSM models was obtained using normal probability plots. These mechanical properties were evaluated by analyzing the fractured surfaces using SEM and the degree of crystallinity using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). Knowing these optimum conditions, tribological performance was characterized for POM/GF/PTFE composites as a function of micro–PTFE blended by weight percentage. Samples were prepared by different contents of PTFE (0, 1.7, 4.0, 9.5, 15.0 and 17.3 wt.%). The surface energy of PTFE micro–particles was increased by etching for 10 min using sodium naphthalene salt in tetrahydrofuran. Tribological performance was characterized through simultaneous acquisition of the coefficient of friction and wear loss on a reciprocating test rig in accordance to Procedure A of ASTM G133–95. Friction and wear resistance improved as the micro–PTFE weight ratio was increased. Morphology analysis of worn surfaces showed transfer film formation, encapsulating the abrasive GF. Energy dispersive X–ray spectroscopy (EDS) revealed increasing PTFE concentration from the GF surface interface region (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 μm)