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Developing consumer-based service brand equity (CBSBE): An airline industry perspective / Md Moniruzzaman Sarker
No full textThe competitive challenges facing airline companies such as consolidation, merger, acquisition and passengers’ dynamic buying behaviour require sound branding strategies that may help organisations survive and thrive effectively. Although contemporary brand equity models have been acknowledged and tested in the service branding context, they are not quite adaptable to the airline sector. A critical review of the literature also confirms that earlier models are more appropriate for product-dominant brands, as they ignore the crucial roles of direct service experience, which is the nucleus of service organisations. Besides, the two essential elements of brand asset (i.e., brand consistency and perceived value) are disregarded in previous service branding model. Therefore, using airline service as the basis, this research aims at proposing and examining an alternative service branding theory known as consumer-based service brand equity (CBSBE) model which takes into consideration the direct service experience, brand consistency and perceived value along with existing components such as brand awareness, brand meaning and brand equity.
Using the survey research methodology, data were collected via a structured questionnaire, through: 1) airport intercept from international airline passengers in Kuala Lumpur International Airport (KLIA); and 2) online platforms such as WhatsApp, WeChat, Facebook messenger and email. A total of 652 usable responses were gathered and analysed. Using the partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) techniques, the results indicate that airline service direct experience and brand consistency are highly important aspects for strengthening brand equity components of services. Subsequently, maximizing perceived value, followed by creating favourable brand meaning are the nucleus of branding services. The rather feeble influence of brand awareness in creating positive SBE may suggest that consumer experience-based assessment through perceived value and brand meaning is more powerful than brand awareness in eliciting a positive differential response of SBE. Overall, the theoretical conceptualisation and empirical evidences of this study affirm that the proposed CBSBE model is valid in explaining branding strategy of the airline industry.
The research yields theoretical, methodological and practical implications. From a theoretical standpoint, the inclusion of brand consistency and perceived value in suggesting an alternative service branding framework called the CBSBE model enhances the depth of service branding theory. Theoretically, building an airline brand depends very much on high perceived value and favourable brand meaning, which are invincibly materialised by airline service direct experience and brand consistency. Also, the adoption of quantitative methods in operationalising the model in airline service setting provides some methodological contributions. As a higher-order formative construct, airline service direct experience offers a comprehensive understanding by integrating five essential dimensions - in-flight-core service, employee service, interaction with other passengers, purchase decision experience and airport service experience. The study further argues that the generalisability of the CBSBE model would be achieved if direct service experience components are tailored to a specific service setting. Finally, for the airline brand/marketing manager, this research offers crucial insights in designing airline branding strategy. In-flight-core service and employee service are the most critical aspects of airline service; whereas airport service experience, interaction with other passengers and purchase decision experience are the integral parts of airline service direct experience. Thus, maximising value, creating favourable meaning and managing consistency in delivering an enjoyable airline service (i.e., brand consistency) through direct service encounters will mitigate managerial and marketing difficulties when building a strong airline brand
Pelaksanaan kurikulum standard prasekolah kebangsaan di Terengganu / Rosmah Abd. Ghani
No full textKajian ini bertujuan meneroka pelaksanaan Kurikulum Standard Prasekolah Kebangsaan (KSPK) oleh guru prasekolah di Terengganu. Fokus kajian adalah untuk mengkaji proses sebenar yang berlaku dalam amalan pengajaran dalam pembelajaran di kelas prasekolah melibatkan fasa-fasa perancangan, penyampaian dan pentaksiran. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif untuk memahami fenomena yang dikaji secara mendalam melibatkan empat orang peserta kajian terdiri daripada guru prasekolah yang mengajar di negeri Terengganu. Mereka dipilih secara bertujuan berdasarkan latar belakang pendidikan, latihan dan pengalaman mengajar. Data dikumpul dan di analisis melalui kaedah pemerhatian, temu bual dan analisis dokumen berkaitan terhadap pengajaran dalam pembelajaran guru tersebut selama enam bulan, kaedah temu bual dengan guru dan analisis kandungan dokumen kurikulum yang berkaitan. Pemerhatian pengajaran dalam pembelajaran yang meliputi Tunjang Bahasa dan Komunikasi, Tunjang Sains dan Teknologi, Tunjang Fizikal dan Kreativiti, Tunjang Kerohanian dan Moral, Tunjang Kemanusiaan dan Tunjang Keterampilan Diri (Sosioemosi). Kesahan dan kebolehpercayaan dapatan dipertingkatkan dengan menggunakan strategi triangulasi, pemerhatian jangka masa panjang, semakan ahli, menyatakan bias pengkaji dan jejak audit. Strategi triangulasi, pemerhatian pada jangka masa panjang atau long-term observation, semakan ahli atau member checking dan peer review digunakan untuk mempertingkatkan kesahan dalaman. Kajian mendapati peserta kajian mempunyai konsepsi yang baik terhadap KSPK, namun masih terdapat peserta kajian yang belum memiliki konsepsi yang sempurna dan menyeluruh berkaitan dengan kandungan KSPK, pedagogi, pengetahuan teknologi, dan pentalsiran dalam pendidikan prasekolah sebagaimana saranan KSPK. Dari aspek pelaksanaan KSPK, data menunjukkan guru prasekolah merancang, menyampaikan pengajaran dan melaksanakan pentaksiran mengikut saranan KSPK. Namun masih terdapat beberapa aspek perincian tertentu tidak dilaksanakan sepenuhnya. Kajian ini telah mengenal pasti beberapa permasalahan dalam aspek pelaksanaan KSPK yang masih perlu dibuat penambahbaikan sama ada dari aspek konsepsi guru prasekolah terhadap KSPK dan aspek pelaksanaan KSPK yang meliputi aspek perancangan, pelaksanaan PdP, pentaksiran dan lain-lain aspek yang berkaitan dengan pelaksanaan program pendidikan prasekolah. Kajian ini juga telah mencadangkan beberapa cadangan penambahbaikan yang perlu dibuat bagi meningkatkan keberkesanan dan kualiti pendidikan prasekolah. Kajian juga turut mendapati faktor guru opsyen bukanlah faktor utama yang menentukan keberkesanan sesebuah kurikulum. Sebaliknya kajian ini mendapati guru bukan opsyen prasekolah juga boleh melaksanakan PdP dengan baik dan berkesan sekiranya guru berkenaan mempunyai sikap, minat dan komitmen yang tinggi. Kajian ini diharap dapat membantu guru prasekolah melaksanakan pengajaran serta pentaksiran dengan lebih berkesan. Hasil kajian ini juga diharapkan dapat menyumbang kepada penambahan ilmu berkaitan pelaksanaan kurikulum prasekolah serta membawa implikasi kepada penggubal dasar, penyediaan program prasekolah serta kepada pentadbiran dan kepimpinan sekolah
Attitudes affecting speeding behaviour with special reference to attitudes of Malaysian car drivers / Farah Fazlinda Mohamad
No full textThe increasing number of road crashes and fatalities on Malaysian roads is a worrying phenomenon and the main cause of this has been attributed to the speeding behaviour of drivers. As such, this study aims to investigate the possible driver factors, specifically, their attitude, which could affect the speeding behaviour of drivers on Malaysian roads. This study uses a mixed method research design. The quantitative data were collected via a face-to-face survey of 503 participants in Malaysia. Data were then analysed via Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25. The outcome of the quantitative approach was further supported by the qualitative approach where interviews were conducted via a focus group discussion. Data were thematically classified. The findings revealed that the drivers’ attitude is capable of affecting the drivers’ speeding behaviour when driving on Malaysian roads. The survey results also highlighted that drivers have a higher tendency to speed on Expressways as compared to Federal roads. This outcome was strongly supported by the focus group discussion data. Three hypotheses formulated for this study were also supported, whereby male drivers, speed violation records and crash experiences were found to have a higher tendency to speed. Additionally, this study also showed that drivers can be classified into four driver typologies - law abiding, cautious, pragmatic and risk-taking. This study offers three contributions to the driver-behaviour research. Firstly, this study serves as an insight into understanding the drivers’ attitude in relation to their speeding behaviour when using the Expressways and Federal roads. Hence, attitude becomes the basis of behaviour even when different road types are involved. Secondly, by taking the drivers’ typologies into consideration, this study offers the authority a possibility into undertaking the safety approaches employed by other countries, such as the Concept of Safe Speed Limit and Safe System Approach, as a way to improve drivers’ behaviours on the road. Finally, this study is the next step for sustainable road safety implementation. It is hoped that this study ill serve as a guide to improve drivers’ speeding behaviour and to reduce speed-related road crashes and fatalities on Malaysian roads
Analysis of glutathione supplementation effects on female metabolic syndrome condition using classification techniques / Nur Rasyidah Hasan Basri
No full textLesser known to the public that main antioxidants in our body, Glutathione are also
said to influence the metabolic syndrome (MS) condition. Oral supplementation
consisting of glutathione precursors and vitamin C introduced in the study was to improve
glutathione (GSH) status of the consumer and the main objective of this study is to
investigate GSH effects on selected MS condition. Several known studies had proven that
oral supplementation improved GSH level of consumer. However, there is no definite
proof on how it’s affecting MS parameters. Also, there is less study carried out on the
relationship between glutathione levels and metabolic syndrome especially among the
Malaysian population. Prediction models will be constructed through classification
technique to predict the MS parameter level based on GSH level and several other
predictors. A randomized study was carried out on a total of 195 female volunteer subjects
from Petaling Jaya, Malaysia and blood samples collected for analysis. Subjects were
divided into 3 groups: Control group and 2 Intervention groups; Group 1 (consumed 1.6g
of glutathione precursor’s supplementation daily) and Group 2 (consumed 3.2g of
glutathione precursor’s supplementation daily). All data samples were used for model
training purposes using three different classifiers; logistic regression, k-nearest neighbor,
and decision tree). After 12 weeks, the supplementation were influencing the GSH level
and some of the MS conditions, such as fasting glucose, triglycerides, LDL and total
cholesterols showing that GSH alteration might closely related to the metabolic syndrome
condition changes. Five predictors used in testing the significance of MS parameters is
GSH, weight, body mass index (BMI) and waist hip ratio (WHR) and dosage groups. From the results, multiple variables models were found to be significant on MS conditions
compared to single variable. Model 1 to Model 3 with more than three combined
predictors show significant results on glucose level and triglyceride cholesterols level at
p value less than 0.05. Overall, prediction models through logistic regression classifiers
performed the best in classifying the MS condition (glucose and lipid profiles) into normal
and abnormal level at accuracy of more than 80%
Amalan latihan neuromotor terhadap penguasaan kemahiran motor kasar dalam kalangan murid bermasalah pembelajaran / Lalitha Hariram
No full textPerkembangan kemahiran motor kasar seseorang murid bermasalah pembelajaran bergantung kepada perkembangan otak, keseimbangan badan dan koordinasi badan. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji amalan latihan neuromotor yang terdiri daripada komponen keseimbangan, ketangkasan, gaya berjalan, proprioseptif dan koordinasi terhadap penguasaan kemahiran motor kasar dalam kalangan murid bermasalah pembelajaran. Kajian ini penting kerana pengukuran kemahiran motor kasar murid-murid bermasalah pembelajaran menggunakan instrumen latihan neuromotor yang tiada hasil penyelidikan didokumenkan di Malaysia. Rekabentuk kajian ini ialah Rekabentuk Subjek Tunggal ‘Single Subject Design’ A-B-A. Seramai 3 orang murid bermasalah pembelajaran berumur 7 hingga 11 tahun terdiri daripada pelbagai jenis ketidakupayaan seperti autisme, kurang upaya intelektual dan sindrom down yang mengikuti pendidikan di salah sebuah sekolah yang terletak ke PPW Keramat, Kuala Lumpur terlibat dalam kajian ini. Pengumpulan data dibuat dengan menggunakan borang rekod peribadi dan maklumat kesihatan dan borang latihan neuromotor. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa penguasaan kemahiran motor kasar murid bermasalah pembelajaran berada pada tahap yang sederhana. Perbezaan kecacatan mempengaruhi tahap keupayaan motor kasar murid bermasalah pembelajaran. Kesimpulannya, kajian yang menggunakan latihan neuromotor sangat diperlukan bagi membantu meningkatkan penguasaan kemahiran motor kasar dalam kalangan murid bermasalah pembelajaran
Readability of Arabic language book for 2nd grade class in United Arab Emirates / Ala Muhammad Al Saadi
No full textThis study aimed to determine the level of Readability of Arabic Language Book for 2nd Grade Class in United Arab Emirates and defining level of Readability of prose and poetic texts according to the following facts: the gender (Male/ Female), school type (Governmental/ Private), student achievement level (weak/ moderate/ Good) . In order to achieve study goals, the researcher applied the descriptive method, she choose in random simple method 4 literary texts from Arabic language book of 2nd grade class by 2 prose texts & 2 poetic texts. Based upon the samples of subjects the researcher prepared the study tool represented in test of sequal to scale the level of readability of prose & poetic texts choose from Arabic language book of 2nd grade class. After the researcher verified the validity of the test content by presenting the same to a group of arbitrators she began applying it upon exploration sample consists of (35) students (Male/ Female) to a survey sample to make sure that it is tuned, verifying the clarity of his instructions, setting his time and analyzing his items by calculating the factors of difficulty, distinguishing, honesty and consistency, then she applied it in its final form on a random group of student from 2nd grade class from governmental & private school at Abu Dhabi city consists of (387) students (Male/ Female) divided on (16) class in (8) schools by (192) male students & (195) female students). In order to answer the questions of the study and to test the validity of its hypotheses, the researcher completed the data of the sample responses of the study on the test items in the statistical package program for social sciences (Spss) Calculation averages, standard deviations and percentages were calculated and a test (T) was used for 2 separated samples and analyzing two independent samples and analysis of the mono-variance of more than two independent samples and Scheffe Test for dimensional comparisons. The study showed that the level of readability of Arabic language book for 2nd grade class in United Arab Emirates is frustrating, and that the average of students marks in readability of all texts the prose (40.82) which falls within educational level and to poetic texts (38.25) which falls within frustrating level. In view of the results of this study, the researcher recommends that the authors of the Arabic language curriculum should take into account the selection of prose and poetic texts of student’s needs, mental abilities & interests & desires
Keupayaan kognitif am kanak-kanak prasekolah kerajaan dan swasta di Kuala Lumpur / Nurul Rizuana Zailan
No full textKeupayaan kognitif adalah merupakan satu komponen yang terdapat di dalam bidang psikologi kognitif yang melibatkan pemahaman mengenai sifat semulajadi fikiran manusia. Manakala perkembangan kognitif kanak-kanak pula perlu dirangsang seawal mungkin kerana kognitif adalah komponen utama yang akan menentukan keseluruhan aspek perkembangan lain dalam diri seseorang kanak-kanak. Tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk melihat sejauhmana perbezaan keupayaan kognitif am kanak-kanak Prasekolah Kerajaan dan Swasta di sekitar Kuala Lumpur. Kajian ini mengenai keupayaan kognitif am yang melibatkan kajian kuantitatif bukan eksperimental yang menggunakan pendekatan kaedah tinjauan secara cross-sectional (cross-sectional survey). Dalam kajian ini seramai 121 orang kanak-kanak prasekolah kerajaan dan swasta berumur 5 hingga 6 tahun yang telah diambil sebagai sampel bagi mengenalpasti tahap keupayaan kognitif dengan menggunakan Instrumen Mc Charty Scales of Childrens Abilities (MSCA). Data dikumpulkan menggunakan instrumen Mc Charty Scales of Childrens Abilities (MSCA) dan dianalisis dengan menggunakan SPSS. Data deskriptif menunjukkan peratus keupayaan kognitif am kanak-kanak prasekolah kerajaan dan swasta berada pada tahap sederhana. Ini menunjukkan tahap keupayaan kognitif kanak-kanak prasekolah kerajaan dan swasta tidak berbeza secara signifikan. Data Statistik menunjukkan bahawa terdapat perbezaan signifikan bagi keupayaan kognitif berdasarkan pendidikan bapa dan pendidikan ibu. Tahap pendapatan ibubapa tidak memberi kesan kepada tahap keupayaan kognitif kanak-kanak prasekolah di Kuala Lumpur. Sebagai kesimpulan jenis jantina, tahap pendidikan ibubapa dan tahap pendapatan ibu bapa tidak memberi kesan terhadap tahap keupayaan kognitif kanak-kanak prasekolah kerajaan mahupun swasta
Exploration of parenting styles and personality traits through expressive arts among Malaysian private college emerging adults: A case study / Asha Raj I. S. Nadarajah
No full textParenting style is one of the essential factors that affects the holistic development of every child especially as the child grows up into emerging adult. Parenting style plays vital and important role that determine the personality of an emerging adult which includes their level of self -esteem and the development of identity status. For the purpose of this study, the researcher explored the parenting styles and the personality traits of Malaysian private college emerging adults through expressive arts since expressive arts enables the researcher to explore and understand the psychic of the participants. This is a case study that involved five participants. The finding from this research showed that all the parents of the research participants practiced different types of parenting styles that influenced the personality traits of the participants in various ways. There were six emerging themes that were found in this study which are: a) types of parents; b) childhood experiences; c) life at school/ college; d) future/dreams; e) spirituality; f) personality traits. At the end of this research, the researcher concluded that emerging adults who grew up with parents who practiced healthy parenting style will grow up as emerging adults who has healthy personality traits with high sense of self
Effect of Tanal al Qamar strategy in developing comprehension reading skills for 6th grade students in United Arab Emirates / Tareq Mohamad Alyatim
No full textThis study aimed to determine the level of acquisition of reading comprehension skills by 6th grade students. & to scale the using of Effect of (Tanal ALqamar) strategy the reading in developing skills of reading comprehension in its 5 levels for the students of 6th grade in United Arab Emirates. In order to achieve study goals, the researcher applied the experimental method by adopting the pre-test / post-test design for the equivalent groups, he selected a sample of 43 students from the Emirates National School in Mohammed Bin Zayed City, 21 students for the control group and 22 students for the experimental group ,the experimental group was taught according to (Tanal ALqamar) strategy, where the controlling group was taught according the usual strategy applied in teaching to scale the effect of (Tanal ALqamar) strategy in developing skills of reading comprehension. The researcher prepared the study tool of reading comprehension test. After the researcher verified the validity of the test content by presenting the same to a group of arbitrators, he began applying it to a survey sample to make sure that it is tuned, verifying the clarity of his instructions, setting his time and analyzing his items by calculating the factors of difficulty, distinguishing, honesty and consistency, then he applied it in its final form to the study groups before and after the experiment. The study showed that the level of acquisition of students in the experimental group of reading comprehension skills at all levels was higher than that of the supposed level of proficiency. and average level of control group students, and that the level of acquisition of the students of the experimental group with five levels of reading comprehension; (literal and deductive, critical, tactful and creative) was balanced and close, they had no level higher than other levels. Whereas the students of the control group had a more literal understanding than the other levels of understanding that they had in common which its acquiring was balanced and close. (Tanal ALqamar) strategy has huge positive effect in developing the reading comprehension in its five levels for students of 6th grade. However, the applied normal strategy has huge positive effect in developing the reading comprehension in general, especially in its literal & deductive levels for students of 6th grade, and it has no important effect in developing the comprehension (critical, tactful and creative) levels. In view of the results of this study, the researcher recommends training the teachers to use (Tanal ALqamar) strategy in teaching of study because of its huge effect to develop the level on comprehension of reading learner and in teaching other subjects in genera; for the flexibility of such strategy and the possibility of using such strategy in teaching different teaching subjects
Effects of Jigsaw cooperative approach on Year Five Pupils’ higher order thinking skills in science / Gan Hwee San
No full textScience education encourages pupils to develop 21st century skills such as higher
order thinking and cooperative skills. However, in science classrooms, pupils seldom
work together. They prefer to listen and work individually; thus preventing pupils
from developing their higher order thinking skills. The research objectives for this
study were: (1) to investigate the effects of Jigsaw Cooperative Approach on Year
Five pupils’ higher order thinking skills (applying and analysing skills), (2) to
describe Year Five pupils’ cooperative skills when Jigsaw Cooperative Approach is
implemented in Science lessons and (3) to examine Year Five pupils’ perceptions on
Jigsaw Cooperative Approach as a Science learning method. This study employed a
quasi-experimental research design. A total of 70 Year Five pupils participated in
this study, where 36 pupils were in the experimental group and 34 in the control
group. In this study, Jigsaw Cooperative Learning was paired with Socratic
Questioning to boost pupils’ applying and analysing skills. During Jigsaw
Cooperative Learning, teacher carried out Socratic Questioning with pupils to get a
better understanding of the pupils’ thinking perspective. Socratic Questioning had
been taught as it can help pupils to promote their thinking systematically. The
duration of this study was eight weeks. Data was collected using the Science
Academic Achievement Test, classroom observations and a questionnaire. The pretest
and post-test scores between the experimental group and control group were
analysed by using Independent T-test. The pre-test and post-test scores within the
experimental group and control group were analysed by using Paired-samples T-test.
The observation data was transcribed and coded whereas the questionnaire data was
analysed by using descriptive analysis. The Independent T-test result showed that
there was no significant difference (t(68)=1.15,p>.05) between the pre-test scores of the pupils whereas there was a significant difference (t(68)=3.90, p<.05) between the
post-test scores of the pupils in the experimental group and control group. The results
of the Paired-samples T-test showed that there were significant difference between
the pre-test and post-test scores within the experimental group (t(35) = -15.05, p<.05)
and within the control group (t(33) = -13.43, p<.05). The data on pupils’ cooperative
skills were grouped into two themes. Pupils showed their improvement in playing
their own role, involving actively in sharing information and working for a group
task, respecting each other, helping each other, giving encouragement and
exchanging ideas together from Cycle I to Cycle II. In terms of their perceptions,
pupils felt happy to learn Science by using Jigsaw Cooperative Approach and this
approach helped them to relate the knowledge that they learned with their daily life.
Pupils applied their knowledge to solve the problems at the cognitive level of
applying and analysing. The implication of this study is that it provides teachers with
a guideline to do group activities and develop pupils’ higher order thinking skills