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Use of student teams-achievement divisions approach in science for verbal interactions and performance among year four pupils / Rhubhambikhei Murugan
No full textThe purpose of this study was to investigate the verbal interactions and performance of selected Year Four science pupils in National Type Tamil School. Generally, National Type Tamil school pupils are passive and tend to be listeners in the classroom. Even though pupils talk, they do more social talk and there is no increase in pupils’ cognitive skills. Hence, this research focuses on pupils’ verbal interactions among their cooperative group members when using the prepared Student Teams-Achievement Divisions (STAD) Teaching and Learning Guide. STAD Teaching and Learning Guide was prepared to help teachers to promote verbal interactions among pupils. The guide contained teaching strategies such as Think-Pair-Share, and sample of lesson plans for teachers. The research objectives were (i) to investigate pupils’ verbal interactions during implementation of STAD cooperative learning approach in science classroom, (ii) to determine the pupils’ performance in science lesson after implementing the STAD cooperative learning approach and (iii) to describe pupils’ perception on STAD cooperative learning approach. Qualitative exploratory research design was utilized in this study. Twelve Year Four science pupils from a national type Tamil primary school were selected. These pupils were selected based on convenient sampling. The research was conducted for duration of three months and covered five topics in Year Four science syllabus. Data collection techniques included classroom observations, individual quizzes and interview sessions. Using constant comparative data analysis method, six broad themes were identified for the pupils’ verbal interactions. There were Elaboration, Question, Short Response, Engages, Directs, Interruptions and Initiations. For the theme Elaboration, there were two categories: ‘elaborations for task management’ and ‘elaborations for content related matters’. Using a marking scheme the pupils’ individual quizzes were analyzed. The findings of this quizzes revealed that low achievers were able to answer higher order thinking skills (HOTS) questions after each cooperative task. Pupils’ interview analysis showed that pupils had both positive and negative perceptions of STAD cooperative approach. The pupils’ positive perceptions of STAD cooperative approach were they felt engaged in group task; there was teamwork, better content understanding and peer support. Whereas, the negative perceptions were mismatch of group members and burdened with lower ability peers. It is hoped that the findings can provide an insight to the stakeholders and policy makers on how pupils interact verbally in a science classroom through a cooperative approach
Effectiveness of mayer’s problem solving model with visual representation teaching strategy in enhancing year four pupils’ mathematical problem solving ability / Sharmilla Palanisamy
No full textThis study aims to determine the effectiveness of Mayer’s problem solving Model with Visual Representation (MMVR) teaching strategy in enhancing Year 4 students’ mathematical problem solving ability in Klang Valley, and its interaction with gender. A quasi-experimental research design was employed in this study. A sample of 203 Year 4 students consisting of 101 males and 102 females from a private school in Klang Valley were drawn using a convenient sampling technique with two classes assigned as the experimental groups namely Mayer’s problem solving Model (MM) and MMVR groups, and the other one as the control group. The MM group was given Mayer’s problem solving Model (MM) teaching strategy treatment, while the MMVR group was given Mayer’s problem solving Model with Visual Representation (MMVR) teaching strategy treatment respectively. The control group on the other hand did not receive any treatment. Students’ mathematical problem solving ability before and after treatments was measured using an instrument called Mathematical Problem Solving Ability Test (MPSAT). The study found that MMVR teaching strategy was effective in improving students’ mathematical problem solving ability because the paired samples statistics for pretest and posttest scores of problem solving ability for MMVR group shows the mean scores of MPSAT in MMVR group for pretest (M = 75.41, SD = 3.70) and posttest (M = 115.86, SD = 6.47) is different, with statistically significant mean increase for mathematical problem solving ability in MMVR group, t (57) = 41.05, p .05), with a minimal effect size (Ƞp2= .00022). The findings suggest that MMVR teaching strategy can be an effective approach in improving students’ mathematical problem solving ability. The study suggests that teachers should incorporate Mayer’s problem solving Model with Visual Representation teaching strategy into their lesson to help students improve their mathematical problem solving ability
Use of video modeling in developing social skills among children with autism spectrum disorder / Irene Tan En Ying
No full textChildren with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) are poor in social interaction and following instruction. Most researchers of today focus on having the children to interact with toys to enhance their social skills, but not with other peers. This study was carried out to investigate the use of video modeling in developing social skills among children with ASD. The study uses single-subject design with multiple baseline graphs to examine the development of children’s social skills. This study consists of three sequential phases: 1) Baseline, 2) Intervention, and 3) Maintenance. Results show that children with ASD have social interaction with peers after the video modelling, with 60 percent achievement among the three children upon the development of social skills with video modeling as compared to the achievement at Baseline Phase. The children were found to use more language and gestures in their social interaction with other peers. In addition, all three children also show improvement in following instruction, with an increment of 70 percent from the baseline upon going through video modeling. Most of the children can follow the instruction shown in the video and they even can help other peers to play correctly. The more the video is being played among the children with ASD, the more they can model the skills. The teachers also feed backed that video modeling was effective to teach social skills, and they wish to use video modeling to develop more skills among children with ASD. In conclusion, the use of video modeling can be helpful for children with ASD in their social interaction and following instruction. In addition, this study enables teachers to make evidence-based decision when choosing appropriate tool during classroom instruction
Pembangunan laman sesawang tatabahasa Tamil sekolah menengah / Alagesan Ambikapathy
No full textIsu kurang minat dan pencapaian rendah murid dalam aspek tatabahasa menyebabkan perlunya bahan pengajaran tatabahasa Tamil yang berinovasi. Dengan itu, kajian ini bertujuan membangunkan laman sesawang tatabahasa Tamil bagi meningkatkan minat dan pencapaian murid dalam tatabahasa Tamil. Kaedah reka bentuk dan pembangunan yang dipelopori oleh Richey dan Klein (2014) telah digunakan dalam kajian ini yang melibatkan tiga fasa kajian, iaitu fasa analisis keperluan, reka bentuk dan pembangunan dan penilaian. Data fasa analisis keperluan dikumpul dengan menggunakan borang soal selidik yang melibatkan 152 murid-murid Tingkatan Empat dan temu bual separa berstruktur dengan empat guru bahasa Tamil. Data soal selidik dianalisis secara diskriptif menggunakan perisian Statistical Packages for the Social Sciences (SPSS) dan data temu bual dianalisis secara tematik. Data fasa reka bentuk laman sesawang diperoleh melalui teknik Fuzzy Delphi yang melibatkan 18 orang pakar. Nilai ambang ‘d’ dihitung untuk mendapatkan kesepakatan pakar terhadap sembilan elemen yang terdapat dalam soal selidik. Fasa pembangunan laman sesawang melibatkan pembangunan rancangan pengajaran dan bahan pembelajaran laman sesawang menggunakan data teknik Fuzzy Delphi. Data fasa penilaian diperoleh melalui temu bual separa berstruktur yang melibatkan 10 orang murid dan seorang guru bahasa Tamil yang dianalisis secara tematik. Di samping itu, kaedah kuasi eksperimental digunakan untuk menilai keberkesanan laman sesawang melalui ujian pra dan ujian pasca antara kumpulan kawalan dan rawatan. Dapatan kajian fasa pertama menunjukkan murid-murid memiliki kemahiran dan mempunyai kemudahan teknologi maklumat dan komunikasi di rumah dan sekolah. Murid-murid didapati mempunyai persepsi negarif terhadap tatabahasa dan menghadapi pelbagai masalah dalam pembelajaran tatabahasa. Guru-guru telah menyatakan beberapa kepentingan pembelajaran tatabahasa dan dapatan kajian secara keseluruhannya menyokong pembangunan laman sesawang tatabahasa Tamil. Dapatan fasa kedua peringkat reka bentuk menunjukkan panel pakar mencapai kesepakatan bersama dengan nilai threshold (d) ≤0.2 melebihi 75% dari segi kesesuaian item-item dalam sembilan elemen laman sesawang. Pembangunan rancangan pengajaran dan laman sesawang menunjukkan beberapa penambahbaikan terutamanya dari segi bahan pembelajaran. Hasil dapatan penilaian mendapati murid-murid dan guru berpuas hati dengan reka bentuk dan kandungan laman sesawang serta mendapat pengalaman pembelajaran yang baharu. Kekuatan laman sesawang ini adalah meningkatkan kemahiran teknologi maklumat dan komunikasi (TMK), pembentangan dan motivasi murid. Selain itu, sumber rujukan, bahan pembelajaran dan reka bentuk laman sesawang didapati menarik, sesuai dan mudah diikuti. Ujian-t sampel berpasangan menunjukkan terdapat perbezaan yang signifikan antara kumpulan kawalan dan rawatan dengan nilai p = .000 iaitu kurang dari .05 (p < 0.05). Ini membuktikan bahawa penggunaan laman sesawang dalam pengajaran dan pembelajaran tatabahasa adalah berkesan dan meningkatkan pencapaian pelajar. Kesimpulannya, laman sesawang ini berpotensi untuk diguna pakai oleh guru dan murid dalam proses pengajaran dan pembelajaran tatabahasa Tamil secara efektif
Effects of student leadership in a peer-to-peer programme on resiliency, self-efficacy and motivation of undergraduate students in a private university / Christine Wong Siew Kuan
No full textAn ongoing concern amongst students in higher education is the ability to do well and succeed academically. One of the main factors in addressing that concern is ensuring a smooth and positive transition for students from high school entering university. Hence, the first-year experience in higher education institution for these students is crucial to help them to manage and cope with the new environment. Peer learning programmes have been proven to help students succeed academically especially for the first-year students. In building that momentum for ultimate academic success, it is also important to note that students need to build their resiliency, self-efficacy and motivation to help them move forward every year and graduate. This study examines the effectiveness of the Peer-to-Peer leaders and the programme in enhancing students’ resiliency, self-efficacy, intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation and social motivation of undergraduate students. A total of 303 undergraduate students from a local private university participated in the study. This peer-to-peer (P2P) programme is modeled after the Peer Assisted Study Sessions (PASS) programme from Australia and the Supplemental Instructions (SI) programme from the United States of America. Participation in the programme is voluntary and no students were coerced into joining the programme. From the 303 participants, a total of 223 students participated in the P2P programme while 80 students have chosen not to join in the programme. A quasi experiment was conducted where the student group who took the P2P programme was the treatment group while the student who did not join the P2P was the control group. The analysis was done using SPSS and SmartPLS. The results show that the leadership of the P2P leaders in leading the P2P programme was effective in enhancing students’ knowledge. A split-plot ANOVA (SPANOVA) test was conducted to examine the effect of the treatment intervention (attending the P2P programme) on all the dependent variables where multivariate tests were conducted to determine if the interaction effects of the independent variables were significant. The results of the SPANOVA test show that the scores of post-test for all the dependent variables was significantly higher than the scores of the pre-test, and significant interaction effects occur which concludes that the peer-to-peer programme did indeed have positive effects on resiliency, self-efficacy, intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation and social motivation. Besides that, there was also moderating effect of age, study time and parents’ income on the relationship between attending the peer-to-peer programme and resiliency, self-efficacy, intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation and social motivation. The study concluded that such peer learning programme is beneficial for undergraduate students especially at the first year at university life to help set the momentum for the academic journey ahead
Analisis penggunaan laras bahasa teknologi dalam majalah Arab / Suhailina Asli
No full textKajian yang bertajuk “Analisis Penggunaan Laras Bahasa Teknologi Dalam Majalah Arab” ini akan meneliti penggunaaan laras bahasa teknologi dalam majalah Arab Aswaq Magazine. Laras sesuatu bahasa dapat ditentukan melalui pemilihan istilah khusus yang menyentuh bidang yang dibicarakan. Objektif dalam pelaksanaan kajian ini adalah untuk mengenal pasti penggunaan istilah khusus laras bahasa teknologi termasuklah istilah pinjaman yang diserap masuk. Selain itu, pembentukan kata istilah laras bahasa teknologi melalui proses derivasi dalam majalah ini turut akan diberi penelitian. Data kajian adalah berdasarkan 30 artikel yang dipilih secara rawak daripada kolum teknologi Aswaq Magazine yang diterbitkan secara bulanan sepanjang tahun 2017. Kajian yang berbentuk kualitatif deskriptif ini akan menggunakan kerangka teori Leech & Short (1981) yang menggariskan 4 aspek untuk dilihat dalam laras bahasa iaitu leksikal, tatabahasa, keindahan bahasa serta ketenunan dan konteks. Hasil daripada dapatan kajian yang diperolehi menunjukkan bahawa wujud istilah-istilah khusus yang membentuk laras bahasa teknologi. Selain itu, istilah pinjaman daripada bahasa lain turut dapat dikenal pasti dalam penggunaan laras ini. Manakala, analisis berkaitan pembentukan kata istilah laras bahasa teknologi membuktikan variasi dan ciri unik bahasa Arab itu sendiri
Gender gaps in labor market participation and earnings in post-reform China / Saizi Xiao
No full textEnsuring gender equity in the process of economic development is a key Sustainable Development Goal. Many governments have invested heavily in women’s education to address gender inequality in the labor market. However, gender gaps in labor force participation and earnings continue to persist even in developing countries that have experienced steady macroeconomic growth and graduated to upper middle income status. A case in point is China, the country with the largest labor force in the world, where gender gaps in labor force participation rates and earnings have widened during the transition from a centrally planned economy to a market-oriented one. This phenomenon has received some attention from researchers in post-reform China. However exactly what is driving these gaps in post-reform China is not fully understood. Therefore, this dissertation contributes to the existing literature by re-examining the determinants of labor force participation and earnings as well gender gaps in these two labor market indicators using data from the Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS) 2010. The dissertation contains two parts. In the first part, Probit regression model of participating in the labor force together with Oaxaca decomposition for non-linear model are employed to to investigate the size and sources of the gender labor force participation gap. The empirical analysis additionally takes into account the role of previously ignored factors – social norms, health human capital and cognitive skills – in explaining this gap. In the second part, the analysis is based on the Mincerian earnings function which is estimated using the Ordinary Least Squares method and also complemented with the Oaxaca decomposition analysis. Moreover, Heckman and Instrumental Variables approaches are used for corrections of problems such as non-random selection into the labor force and endogeneity of schooling attainment in the earnings function. First part of the analysis found a significant gender gap in labor force participation probability. Detailed decomposition showed that only a small portion of the gender gap in participating in the labor force was explained by endowment differences such as superior health human capital. Instead, gender-related community social norms accounted for around half of the unexplained gap. In the second part, a significant differential of average monthly earnings between females and males was found. Detailed decomposition indicated that only one third of the gender gap in monthly earnings was explained by endowment gaps such as superior health and education capital. While the majority of this gap remains unexplained by difference in returns to these conventional endowments. Moreover, these findings are robust to corrections for problems including sample selection bias and endogeneity of schooling attainment. The findings have important policy implications. Interventions that can narrow gender gap in pre-market health status through improved access to health facilities and medical services would help to narrow the gender gap in Chinese labor market. In addition, policies that improve access to higher English educational opportunity for women and promote supportive attitudes within the community towards women’s outside work are also likely to help close the gender gap in labor force participation rate
Psychiatric morbidity among Orang Asli in Bukit Lanjan / Muhammad Ilham Iberahim
No full textPrevalence of Psychiatric Morbidity Among Orang Asli In Bukit Lanjan, Selangor, Malaysia Introduction
Orang Asli, the indigenous people of peninsular Malaysia, are those peoples who were born among Orang Asli, lives according to their distinguished culture and beliefs, and
spoke their native languages. Malaysia has evolved rapidly over the years in the socioeconomic development especially in the rural areas. More jungle areas are open up
for land development scheme such as Federal Land Development Authority (FELDA), housing projects, commercial farms and many more. Indigenous people are forced to face this rapid urbanization. The questions arise whether they are able to cope with rapid changes of lifestyles that will change their way of life. The Desa Temuan resettlement village in Bukit Lanjan, Selangor, Malaysia is one of the resettlement village for Orang Asli of the Temuan tribe, subgroup of Proto-malays group of Orang Asli. Like other indigenous tribes in the world, the Temuan tribe in Bukit Lanjan have been exposed to multiple risk factors for poor mental health. Despite the rising concerns, no robust data are available on the prevalence of psychiatric morbidity among Orang Asli in Bukit Lanjan in Selangor. Objectives
The objectives of this paper are to determine the prevalence of psychiatric morbidity among Orang Asli in Bukit Lanjan, Selangor.
Method: A cross sectional study was conducted in Desa Temuan, Bukit Lanjan using DASS-21 and MINI-7 uestionnaires. The study also obtained the demographic data of the
participants.
Results
A total of 100 Orang Asli and 93 non-Orang Asli participated in this study. The psychiatric morbidity was determined by DASS-21 and MINI-7 Questionnaires. The prevalence of Major Depressive Disorder was 4% (n=4), Generalised Anxiety Disorder was 7% (n=7), Obsessive Compulsive Disorder was 5% (n=5), Alcohol Use Disorder
was 5% (n=5) and Panic Disorder was 1% (n=1). Based on multiple logistic regression analysis, the predictors of psychiatric illness are age, ethnicity, marital status,
underlying stress, anxiety, depression and employment status.
Conclusion
The prevalence of psychiatric illness among Orang Asli in Bukit Lanjan, Selangor is almost similar with other studies done on Orang Asli community in Peninsular Malaysia. Findings from this study can be used as baseline data to develop an effective program to assist the management of common psychiatric illness among them. The
identification of predictors for psychiatric illness in the community is important to identify the target population for the program
Three dimensional biometric guide in determining maxillary tooth position and arch form / Omar Farouq Tawfiq
No full textIn complete denture fabrication, when pre-extraction records are lacking,
determining the denture teeth positions to where the natural predecessors
occupied is essential yet challenging. Although several biometric guides were
suggested to position teeth for dentures, none is providing three-dimensional
(3D) positions of teeth that can be used in the recently developed computer
designed digital dentures. The aim of this study was to develop new biometric
guides to determine the original 3D positions of the maxillary teeth and dental
arch form individualised for each given dentate or edentulous maxillary cast
based on selected intraoral landmarks. The objectives were to investigate the
relationship between measurements of selected maxillary anatomical
landmarks, to verify the accuracy of the relationship equations in predicting
tooth position; to predict teeth positions for edentulous casts; to investigate the
dental-arch curves morphological relationship with HNR-curve and
predictability of dental arch for dentulous casts from HNR-curve.
Ninety-two Malaysian adults (20-35 years old) who had class I dental and
skeletal relationships, well-aligned teeth and minimal attritions were selected
for the study. Maxillary stone-casts were obtained, digitised and standardised.
The points’ 3D Cartesian-coordinates were converted into spherical�coordinates for statistical analyses. The dentate sample (n=92) was subdivided
randomly into control group (n=70) and dentate verification group (n=22). The
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control group was used to investigate linear regressions and functional circular
relationships to generate equations, while the verification group was used to
compare the coordinates of teeth predicted by the relationship equations with
the measured coordinates in each cast of the group using paired t-test. Dental
arch curves and hamular-notch rugae-point curve (HNR-curve) were fitted to
polynomial-fourth-degree equations and compared for shape-similarity using
Z-test (α = 0.05). Then artificial neural network (ANN) was used to generate
dental arch curves by HNR-curves for dentate casts, verify the prediction
accuracy of the method before application on edentulous casts. Thirty-four
maxillary edentulous casts were obtained, digitised, standardised and had the
triangular pyramid landmarks coordinates similar to the dentate casts registered
and used to predict teeth positions. The results showed high correlation
coefficients between the landmarks and teeth positions (0.5 ≤ r ≤ 0.9, p < 0.05).
Fifty-four regression and circular relationship equations were derived to predict
the teeth positions (0.89 ≤ R
2 ≤ 0.998). No significant differences were found
between the existing and predicted coordinates of teeth through the verification
group subjects (p > 0.05). When the arch forms were compared for similarity
with HNR-curve; Z-test values (SD) were 0.894(0.64), 0.705(0.51),
0.382(0.31) for buccal, middle and lingual dental arches respectively. Within
the limitations of this study, predicted teeth positions showed non-significant \ud
difference with the natural teeth positions when verified in new dentate sample.
Furthermore, predicted teeth positions for edentulous sample showed statistical
equivalence with the range of the natural teeth positions in dentate sample.
Additionally, the predicted dental arch forms for verification dentate group
showed no significant difference with the original dental arches. Conclusively,
the maxillary teeth 3D-points together with the dental arch form may suggest
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acceptable guide for digital dental rehabilitation for edentulous patients using
the latest digital denture manufacturing technology based on stable intraoral
anatomical landmarks with strong coefficients.
Keywords: Complete denture, Biometric guides; dental arch form; 3D tooth
position; CAD/CAM complete denture
Board of directors’ characteristics and corporate sustainability performance: A mediating role of internal control mechanisms / A N M Asaduzzaman Fakir
No full textThe purpose of this study is to propose a framework and thereafter examine the relationship among the board of directors’ characteristics, internal control mechanisms, and corporate sustainability performance. In particular, it aims to uncover how the board specific characteristics influence internal control, which, ultimately, would enhance the sustainability performance of publicly listed companies. The premise of the resource dependence theory is utilized to identify the board characteristics that may influence the sustainability performance; namely, size, composition, leadership, ownership, diversity, and expertise. Inspired by the fit as mediation notion of contingency theory, the mediating role of internal control mechanisms, proxied by enterprise risk management (ERM) and management control systems (MCS), is also examined in this relationship. The majority of the previous studies concentrated on a few particular dimensions of sustainability like environmental and social aspects, whereas the governance and economic aspects remain unexplored in the literature. This study fills this important research gap through holistically conceptualizing sustainability performance. In addition to that interaction between corporate governance variables and sustainability is an under-researched area. This study put some light on it. The analysis finds support for board ownership and board expertise directly and positively influencing sustainability performance in Bangladesh context while the relationship between board characteristics and sustainability is indirect and mediated through internal control mechanisms. This implies that board members need to pursue specific attributes with a strong internal control environment in place to ensure sustainability performance in developing country context. Keywords: Board of directors’ characteristics; Corporate governance; Sustainability performance; Internal control mechanism; Enterprise risk management (ERM); Management control systems (MCS