Insaniyat: Journal of Islam and Humanities
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Is Religion Compatible with Modernity? An Overview on Modernity’s Measurements And its Relation to Religion
No full textThis paper aims to elaborate the measurements of modernity and its relation to religion. In the Third World, modernity is often measured by unclear measurements, and in some cases, some of the attitudes of certain circles in the West now also appear to be at odds with modernity. Based on a literature survey, this paper finds that modernity is a condition, not as a specific marker of a certain period and region. Modernity points not only to the West, but also to non-West, because modernity can be measured by: capitalism as an economic rationality; mass production-based industries and the existance of industry mentality; urban population pressure and its medical control; secular and humanist nation state; democratic country; rational bureaucracy, the state\u27s rule of law, military-based technology; and empirical science and rationalism. Even so, for a secular state, it does not require the latest modernity that should alienate religion absolutely in a public sphere. Religion is possible to be in the public sphere, if it could be debated rationally and does not discriminate minorities as certainly religion is now more rational. Religion is also possible to contest with other issues in a public sphere in the free market in a democratic political system and can be a civil society force; in addition, some religions do not mind with secularization in the sense of sociological rationalization.DOI: 10.15408/insaniyat.v2i2.726
Tariqa and Philanthrophy : The Study of Tariqa Qadiriyah Naqsyabandiyyah Movement in Kuala Tungkal, Jambi
No full textThe emergence of tariqa movements in the Indonesian Archipelago occurred at the same time of the expanding network of ulama who studied at the holy land, Mecca. One of tariqas that has existed as the result of the spreading of such ulama network is the Tariqa Qadiriyah Naqsyabandiyah. This is one of the tariqas that is considered legitimated and followed by thousands of people in Indonesia, including people of Jambi. Yet the development of this tariqa in Jambi, in which its follower has gradually increased since the 1990s, is less exposed. Followers of tariqa have practiced not only religious and ritual gathering, zikr, but also engaged in philanthropic events which risen hundreds of millions of funds. Such philanthropic events had significantly contributed to the tariqa movement from which it is able to stand free from state’s intervention as well as capable to privately fund its educational institution and boarding school. This article intends to seek the historical aspect of the TariqaQadiriyah Naqsyabandiyah and how it contributes in shaping educational institution and economic sphere of people in Jambi. This study therefore uses historical method in perceiving the role of Tariqa in its society.The data for this study were gathered by conducting observation, interview, and document studies.The study concludes that the tariqa movement in Jambi, particularly in Kuala Tungkal, managed to self-fund its boarding school and educational institution which are affiliated with it. The fund is mainly risen from several occasions of commemoration of the tariqa founder, Sheikh Abdul Qadir Jilany
The Transition of The Central Port of Colonial Era : From Old Bataviato Tanjung Priok Port
No full textThis paper discusses the ports and government policy particularly in the transition of the central port of colonial period of the old port of Batavia to the port of Tanjung Priok Year 1887-1930. The aim of this research is to understand the colonial response to the development of international shipping world, which impact on the colonial economy. Here, the position of the Dutch East Indies must dare to take the policy to change the trading center is no longer in the Port near the old city but must move to the east of Batavia namely Tanjung Priok.The method used in this research is qualitative. While the data collection is done through literature research and documentation. This data analysis technique based on heuristic techniques, verification, interpretation, and historiography. Based on the research conducted, it is found that the removal of port from the old town of Batavia to Tanjung Priok which allegedly the Dutch East Indies economic actors will not grow because of the rarity of people living around the harbor. The facts in the field of Tanjung Priok developed into the largest international port in the territory of the Indies Netherlands.The results show that the development of the harbor east of Batavia is at the center of the old city portographic port of Batavia which has high sedimentation of large ships unable to dock to the port. The Tanjung Priok central port is growing on the basis of a colonial annual report of the vast number of outposts with 20 other countries that have their homecoming in the Port
Tracing a Narrative of Muslim Self-Aftermath of 9/11 in Monica Ali’s Brick Lane: Islamophobia in the West
No full textThis study is aimed at finding a narrative of Muslim self-aftermath of 9/11 in the West when it was swept with hatred against Muslims leading to the rise of Islamophobia which is herself experienced by the novelist, Monica Ali. Penning from her own experience, the novel, Brick Lane (2003) can be considered as real experience of many people who were held responsible for crime committed. This study employs descriptive qualitative method in dealing with the rise of islamophobia in the West after the incident of 9/11. This is the textual analysis of the experiences of diasporic Muslim couple from Bangladesh living in London and being the witness of the rise of xenophobia in the form of islamophobia aftermath of 9/11. This evaluation and interpretation are importance in the contemporary scenario as there is a continuous rise of such incidents in Europe and America in different ways. The outcome of these incidents is that it is mostly the innocent Muslims who are being attacked for a crime committed by others.The result shows the bitter experience of simple Bangladeshi Muslims immigrant who struggled for identity crisis in a multicultural highly educated world. It also reflects the personal experiences of writer herself as she being a Bangladeshi is living in West. The result was evaluated by examining Bangladeshi immigrant characters and their various circumstances and situations in the novel. Moreover, the point is that people of South Asian countries like India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Sri Lanka and Afghanistan prefer to live and work in West for better standard of living, education and job prospects
Ᾱthār Wa Tadā’iyyāt Al-Ghazw Al-‘Iraqi li Dawlat Al-Kuwait 1990 wa Daur Al-Munadhdhamāt Al-Dawliyyah fi Mu’ālajatiha
No full textThe invasion of Kuwait in 1990 resulted in many disastrous effects and negative repercussions on the people and State. It reflected on the Iraqi regime and its people as those effects have been extended to all Arab States and the world at large, where those effects and repercussions have taken on many aspects of political, economic and social. The invasion not only had been effected Kuwait but also broadly in the gulf region. This study aims: firstly to study and analyse the political, economic and social implications as the consequences of the Iraqi invasion over Kuwait; secondly, to elucidate and analyse the effects of the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait on Arab relations; thirdly, to explore on the role of international organizations in addressing the effects of the invasion. The result shows that the invasion has brought to a disastrous schism in the unity of the Arab states and put them left behind in the international stage, and the opening of the area to the Western military presence in the Gulf. The economic loss suffered by the Arab Group reached approximately $1 trillion. The social and psychological effects on society and the individual in Kuwait required long years to be addressed. The international organizations have played a prominent role particularly on recording the file of the prisoners and missing persons, and the compensation is also given to them.DOI: 10.15408/insaniyat.v2i2.760
The Interpretation of Historical Facts: The Study of Historical Writing in the Perspective of Exposition Paragraph
No full textThis article discusses the existence of a trend of historical facts interpretation in producing exposition paragraph in historical writing.The objective of this study is to identify historical writing variation in the form of exposition paragraph through interpretation of historical facts.This study uses a historiographic and library research method in the field of linguistics and history. The results show that historical paragraphs can be written in variesforms; it could be in form of narration, historical paragraphs, and in form of exposition that related to the writing form of history. The paragraph of history can be written by keeping the existence of the analytical element in them according to the reasoning ability of its writers. The explanation about history in the form of writing by interpreting historical facts has resulted in an exposition paragraph. This is related to the method of historical writing that should be used as a guide in the writing of history. With an exposition form, historical paragraphs can explain events of history according to the topic of the text. The impact from the existence of that thing is the occurrence of the writing of historical paragraphs not just in one type of paragraph. There is a paragraph of history in the form of a narrative. There are also historical paragraphs in the form of exposition. Thus, bothhave contributed to the development of the writing of history
The Characteristics of Ahmad Shawky’s “Damascus Tragedy” Poems
Get PDFAbstract Poetry is the artistic tradition that the arabs have been developing from their pre-Islamic time to the Islamic one throughout their Arabian archipelago. Next, this Arabic poetry has its own social function as a note list (dȉwân) for the Arab people. This social function produces the prominent Arabic literati’s names, one of which is Ahmad Syauqi Bek bin Ali bin Ahmad Syauqi (b. in Cairo in 1868- d. in Cairo in 1932), a man of letters called the “Prince of the Poets” (amȉr al syu’arâ’). One of his well-known Arabic poetries is “Damascus Tragedy” (Nakbah Dimasyqâ) collected in the book of “A’lâm wa Ruwwâd fȉ al-Adab al-‘Arabȉ” (The Learned People and the Pioneers in the Arabic Letters) authored by Kazhim Chathiyth (1930-2007). By using an analytical descriptive method, this article aims to understand and address the literary elements of Syauqi’s thought (fikrah), his emotion (‘athȉfah), his imagination (khayâl), and his musical poems. This article suggests that Syauqi’s poems channels his various overflowing feelings, such as sadness, admiration, love, anger, and nationalism, by using the metaphorical words easy to understand the forms of the “wâfir” (literally, exuberant) and that of the rhythmical Arabic letter of “qâf”, a letter that has a strong ‘character’ in Syauqi’s poems.DOI: 10.15408/insaniyat.v1i2.549
Critique and Development of Modernity : From Romantic Criticism to Post-modernism
Get PDFIn the East, even in the most parts of the West, modernity has been an omnipresent phenomenon. It becomes the ultimate goal of modernization. However, modernity appears in the Western history, shortly after birth, which emphasizes the rationality of modernity has been criticized among the romantic and irrational which rely more on feelings, spontaneity, and intuition, rather than sense. The next Critics regard modernity not only as a solution, but also a problem. For example, nationalism gives birth to anti-Jewish attitudes and industrialization gives birth to imperialism. The same patter goes with science and technology. It is problematic in axiology, ontology and epistemology. The universality of science in the latter period is rejected trough relativity theory and quantum theory. in the view of the post-structuralist, science is considered as a product of power. Modernity is also considered to have made a person has lost the soul and spirituality. Regarding the development of modernity, it is called postmodernity, for some experts, it is a new social configuration which is different, even disconnected with early modernity. As for the opposite, modernity today is a continuation of the previous modernity as a reflexive project to make life goes forward.DOI: 10.15408/insaniyat.v1i2.563
The Contribution of Islamic Scholars in Addressing Earthquake and Tsunami (The Study of Malay Minangkabau Manuscripts)
No full textThe aim of this paper is to examine the contribution of Minangkabau muslim scholars in responding to the earthquake and tsunami based on the manuscript of earthquake takwil. The manuscript of the earthquake takwil becomes the window to see how great the contribution of muslim scholars in addressing the natural phenomenon in Minangkabau particularly earthquake and tsunami. In term of natural disaster, this study has been interestingly discussed since the deadly earthquake and tsunami of 26 December 2004 hit Aceh which killed more than 280.000 people. People become traumatized and feared especially the people who live in the areas affected by the earthquake and tsunami. In addition, Indonesia is prone to earthquakes and tsunamis because it lies on the “Ring of Fire”—the line of frequent quakes and volcanic eruptions that circles virtually the entire Pacific rim. The paper looks at problems: (1) Why are people traumatized and afraid in facing earthquakes and tsunamis? (2) Why are the younger generations not asking muslim scholars about the causes and effects of the earthquake and tsunami? Applying philological, historical, social and educational approaches, this article argues that the manuscript of the earthquake takwil as the evidence that people need muslim scholars in explaining natural disaster. muslim scholars teach the students in surau about the cause of the earthquake and its takwil. Earthquakes and tsunamis have long been studied by Minangkabau muslim scholars. Therefore, it needs attention and reinforcement of knowledge for Muslim scholars of West Sumatra now in accordance with the times in addressing natural phenomena such as earthquakes and tsunamis.DOI: 10.15408/insaniyat.v2i1.658
Judeo-Arabic as a Frontier of Interaction between the Jews and Muslims
Get PDFAs a continued discussion about the Judeo-Arabic as a cultural symbiosis of the Jews in the Islamicate context, the present article enhances it with the discussion of frontier as a theoretical framework to understand the Jewish condition in the Muslim realm, in particular in Al-Andalus. Hence, the Judeo- Arabic becomes an actualization of the politics of language by the Jews. In addition to the fact that the Judeo-Arabic being nurtured by the Arabic literature, the Jews also carried out their experiences in diaspora critically through the usage of the Arabic and the Judeo-Arabic cultural container.DOI: 10.15408/insaniyat.v1i2.547