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La traduzione in pratica della responsabilità sociale di impresa
No full textLa tesi di dottorato si presenta come un interessante lavoro di ricerca empirica, che ha messo a fuoco il processo attraverso il quale il concetto di ‘responsabilità sociale d’impresa’ viene interpretato, coniugato con artefatti empirici che lo rappresentano come uno standard ed infine tradotto entro le pratiche lavorative situate di uno stabilimento multinazionale. Attraverso una indagine qualitativa ho seguito, fin dall’inizio, tutto il processo di progettazione e realizzazione dell’intervento organizzativo che ha portato alla certificazione etica, avendo un ruolo attivo nel seguire ed accompagnare tale iter. il framework teorico scelto è stato caratterizzato dai practice-based studies, mentre la metodologia utilizzata è stata rappresentata dal case-study qualitativo sviluppato attraverso diverse tecniche di rilevazione quale l'osservazione partecipante, analisi del materiale documentale ed interviste in profondità.
Nella prima parte della tesi esporrò dunque il framework teorico e metodologico, mentre nella seconda parte descriverò la ricerca empirica da me condotta, mentre nelle conclusioni presenterò lo schema interpretativo del mio caso di studio, in cui espliciterò come l’organizzazione da me considerata sia stata favorita nel mettere in pratica la responsabilità sociale d’impresa, avendo a disposizione determinate pre – condizioni e avendo avviato il processo di traslazione. Terminerò, infine, il lavoro chiarendo “cosa possiamo imparare da questo caso”, evidenziando gli esiti e gli aspetti più rilevanti e significativi emersi da questa indagine
A User Centric Interface for the Management of Past, Present and Future Events [PhD thesis full text]
Get PDFEvents have been categorized, modeled and recorded by researchers and practitioners for many centuries. Life and events are always being the philosopher's topic of debate. For us, event is any happening worth of remembering. This thesis makes an in-depth philological query of the nature of events and their intricate relationship to other events in the tapestry of complex social structures. We tried to understand our life events from grainy to vast in nature and size. Causation and effects are investigated and a simplified model is proposed for a user centric personal event management system which is fundamentally different from any existing system. Facts as a priori and stories as a posteriori has been separated by formal definition. Novel visualization and interaction is proposed to meet every individual's needs. The concept of lifelines has been introduced for the organizational requirements of a single person's life events that made it possible to distinguish from being the part of an event and being the witness of an event. This visualization model made it easier to manage causal relationships between events. Rich and intuitive interaction has been developed and proposed through the user-centric design process
Biometrics in wearable products: Reverse Engineering and numerical modeling
No full textThe Reverse Engineering (RE) techniques and the Finite Element Modelling (FEM) are widely used tools in many scientific fields. They were firstly developed for the mechanics but in the last times became common for other disciplines. In the thesis these techniques are used for the customization of the wearable products. It is possible to observe that the geometry of whatever wearable product is fundamental for the comfort. In particular, starting from the need of wearable product it is possible to analyse the relative body part and to study the products most appropriate interface geometry to maximize the comfort. The related disciplines are biometrics, biomechanics and anthropometry. In the thesis four different non-contact RE techniques are taken into account: shape from stereo, shape from silhouette, shape from laser and range finding. The first instrument which has been developed is based on the multi stereo vision, focusing the attention to the data filtering and to the generation of the solid model represented by mesh. The second instrument is based on the model generation starting from the silhouette. These two techniques are compared to another laser instrument available on the market. The tolerance on the reconstruction give an error on the total length of the foot of about 2 mm. The tolerance is acceptable for the study of a footwear product anyway it is not sufficient for a scientific research. For this reason a fourth RE system based on range finding is studied. A lot of possible methods were analysed, the multifrequencies, belonging as Fringe Projection Profilometry (FPP) group, has been considered the best compromise between precision, accuracy and elaboration times. An instrument has been developed which in few seconds performs the reconstruction using common, cheap products such as a projector and a camera. The use of the aforementioned RE techniques allowed to adequately reconstruct the geometrical model of the foot, then the deformation of the foot is studied using a Finite Element Analysis (FEA). A model characterized by nearly 200000 elements has been developed. The deformations are congruent with literature data. Anyway, considering the complex validation process of the FE model, caused by the difficulties on measuring the real displacement of the foot under loading condition, a direct matching between the acquired geometry and the final shape of the wearable product has been preferred. A function, capable to analyse the fitting between foot and shoe, through a coefficient called comfort index has been developed
The Impact of Political Opportunity Structures on Networks of Immigrant Associations: A Comparison of Two European Cities
No full textPolitical inclusion of migrants is at the heart of contested scholarly and political debate. The increasing diversity of European democracies and the exclusion of a large part of the resident population from the political process raise questions about social cohesion and the quality of democracy. In the absence of voting rights for migrant residents, associations are often considered as an alternative for voice, representing migrants and defending their interest in the political process. Yet, little is known about the conditions favoring the political inclusion of migrant associations.
Studies on migrants associations tend to consider migrant organizations as discrete units acting independently from each other. Yet, migrant associations do not act in a vacuum and are embedded in webs of relations as well as in a wider political context. Social movement scholars implicitly acknowledge an interaction between institutional and relational context in affecting collective action, but studies analyzing this interaction are scarce. Considering only one of the two structures in which associations are embedded might lead to wrong conclusions as to what fosters political inclusion. Thus, the objective of this study is twofold. First it attempts to link two traditions in the social movement literature: the political opportunity theory and the relational approach. Second, it aims at furthering our knowledge on the mechanisms linking the embeddedness of migrants associations in an institutional and a relational context and their political inclusion.
Empirically, this study analyzes network structures in the field of immigration and the political inclusion of migrant organizations in Lyon and in Zurich. To analyze network structures the study draws on a relational approach to social movements that provides useful tools for comparing networks across contexts by defining a typology of modes of coordination of collective action. Modes of coordination are the mechanisms through which resources are allocated within collectivities but also how collective representation are elaborated as well as collective identities. The specific opportunities in the field of immigration draw on the citizenship approaches of nation-states to define the opportunities in the field. Two dimensions of political opportunty structures are defined. An institutional dimension, which refers to the rights and duties offered to immigrants as well as the institutional channels available to them, but also resources to actors acting in the field. The cultural dimension refers to the notions of citizenship and national identity that act as discursive opportunities and provide public recognition of different identities in the field. The main argument of this study is that the specific institutional and discursive opportunities in the field of immigration affect the network structure of migrant organizations and that the political inclusion of migrant organizations is affected by the interaction of both structures.
Drawing on the social movement literature, this study analyzes the effect of the specific opportunity structure in the field of immigration on network structure and the political inclusion of migrant organizations. The results show that migrant organizations adapt to the specific opportunities when creating alliances, and the networks that emerge vary between the cities under study. Indeed, associations tend to create alliances on the basis of their access to institutional channels, and the publicly recognized identities in the field. Moreover, it shows that the interaction of the opportunity structure and the network structure affects political inclusion of migrant associations. Indeed, the embeddedness of associations in similar relational structures has different outcomes for political inclusion according to the context.
The study concludes by stating that analyzing the interaction of specific political opportunity structures and network structures is necessary to get a better understanding of the conditions favoring or hindering the political inclusion of migrant organizations
Il distacco del lavoro nella prospettiva dell'integrazione europea
No full textIl lavoro di ricerca che ci si è proposti di affrontare ha l’obiettivo di analizzare il distacco del lavoro come fenomeno giuridico all’interno del suo contesto europeo, ossia nel mercato unico (Cap. I), nella sua evoluzione giurisprudenziale alla luce del conflitto di leggi (II), nel suo profilarsi all’interno dell’ordinamento nazionale (III) ed, infine, nelle sue possibili prospettive future nell’integrazione europea (IV). In particolare, si è dato spazio all’impatto che le libertà di circolazione dei servizi può avere sulla tutela dei diritti dei lavoratori e sulla manodopera in distacco nell’ambito di
una prestazione transnazionale di servizi: l’allargamento-accessione dei paesi dell’Est dell’Unione europea assieme alla liberalizzazione del mercato dei servizi, analizzati nel lavoro, assieme all’intervento della Corte di Giustizia, in particolare il caso Laval, hanno mostrato il conflitto tra diritti sociali di azione collettiva, come il diritto di sciopero, e le libertà economiche, come la libera prestazione di servizi. Partendo dall’analisi legislativa e giurisprudenziale, si è voluto così porre in risalto come non vi sia un’appropriata tutela del lavoro svolto a livello trasnazionale, come quello in distacco, e, pertanto, entra in gioco la normativa internazionalprivatistica (Reg.593/08, cd. Roma I e prima la Convenzione di Roma del 1980) che incide sull’individuazione della legge applicabile ai rapporti di lavoro con elementi d’internazionalità e transnazionalità. Per tali motivi, ci si è proposti di analizzare il distacco del lavoro transnazionale, in un’ottica interdisciplinare a cavallo fra il diritto del lavoro e il diritto internazionale privato dell’U.e., al fine di evidenziare le lacune esistenti nell’ordinamento dell’Unione e provare a ricercare, anche attraverso gli “attori in gioco”, un possibile punto di equilibrio tra gli interessi che si contrappongono nel mercato unico nella prospettiva dell’integrazione europea
Vibrational dynamics in strong glasses: the cases of densified v-SiO2 and v-SiSe2
No full textIn this work we will face the problem of the vibrational properties of glasses focusing on the origin and nature of the boson peak (BP). This feature is an universal characteristic of glasses and a fingerprint of the presence of disorder. Two samples have been chosen for this study. The first is permanently densified vitreous SiO. Permanent densification has been exploited to tune the glassy properties focusing on their evolution. The second sample is a silicon-selenium glass whose low sound velocity allows a detailed study of its dynamics by means of neutron inelastic scattering
Neural mechanisms of attention to motion
No full textAttention is thought to alter appearance by intensifying the sensory impression of the attended stimulus. Current debates are about how this increases might operate and what are the underlying neural mechanisms. Three mechanisms have been proposed to account the effect of attention: contrast gain, response gain and baseline shift. However, psychophysical and neuroimaging studies produced results that are not always consistent. We used the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to explore how attention alters the appearance of coherently moving dots. The first experiment assessed coherence response functions for different levels of contrast. This experiment showed which kind of pattern should be expected with attention altering appearance by means of contrast gain mechanism. The results showed that contrast produced a leftward shift of the coherence response function. By our knowledge, this is the first fMRI evidence for the assumption that processing of motion coherence is susceptible to contrast gain. The second experiment assessed the effect of attention on coherence response function. The results showed that attention affects the BOLD response with the same strength for all coherence levels. This pattern of response is compatible with the predictions of the baseline shift model. Finally, in order to explain the discrepancy between psychophysical and neuroimaging results, we suggested a signal detection account for the effect of baseline shift on the perceptual level, proposing that baseline shift may produce a leftward shift of the psychometric function although sensitivity remains unchanged
Modeling of sequences of Silicon micro-Resonators for On-Chip Optical Routing and Switching
No full textThe purpose of this thesis is to focus on the aspect of passive devices allowing for WDM, routing, switching and filtering of optical signals, investigating novel routing concepts based on micro optical side coupled resonators to achieve large bandwidth by multiple cascading and/or multiple coupling (low group velocity) periodicity effects. We will describe some technical aspects necessary for the design and fabrication of some passive circuitry, and usually neglected in purely theoretical approaches, including optical routers based on racetrack resonators and novel SCISSOR and CROW devices
Topological Dynamics in Low-Energy QCD
No full textIn this work we discuss the role of topological degrees of freedom in very low-energy hadronic processes (vacuum polarization and vacuum birefringence). We also present an approach which enables to investigate the microscopic dynamics of non-perturbative processes: this is achieved by constructing an effective statistical theory for topological vacuum gauge configurations, by means of Lattice QCD simulations