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Dissenso religioso e libri proibiti nel Principato vescovile di Trento tra fine Quattrocento e inizio Seicento
No full textLa ricerca affronta la diffusione della Riforma protestante e il commercio di libri proibiti in una statualità di confine tra mondo italiano e mondo tedesco all'inizio dell'età moderna. Affiorano voci dei protagonisti, interessanti convergenze e conflitti istituzionali tra principi-vescovi di Trento, Impero e Inquisizione romana nella pratica della censura e repressione del dissenso religioso
La formazione di Piero Calamandrei: scritti di guerra 1915-1918: con un' appendice sulla corrispondenza con Ernesta Bittanti Battisti e Bice Rizzi
No full textLa mia tesi dottorale ha come oggetto principale la formazione di Piero Calamandrei (1889-1956), uno dei maggiori giuristi italiani tra le due guerre mondiali e uno dei principali esponenti della Resistenza e della Assemblea Costituente (1946-1948). Mi propongo in particolare di studiare le testimonianze autobiografiche nel ricco epistolario di Calamandrei risalente agli anni della Prima Guerra Mondiale.
Calamandrei prese parte alla Grande Guerra come ufficiale volontario combattente nella fanteria. Ne uscì col grado di capitano e fu successivamente promosso tenente colonnello, ma preferì continuare la sua carriera accademica.
Fu il primo ufficiale ad entrare a Trento il 3 novembre 1918.
L’ufficiale Calamandrei svolse compiti molto diversi: dalla vigilanza sul rancio e sul vestiario all’approvvigionamento dei mezzi di trasporto, dall’assistenza individuale ai soldati alla proposta e distribuzione di premi e licenze, dalla organizzazione di una scuola per analfabeti alla direzione degli uffici di consulenza per l’istruzione morale dei giovani ufficiali, dalla proposta di letture per i combattenti al fronte fino alla scelta degli spettacoli teatrali e dei film più adatti. Calamandrei provvedeva a quanto poteva servire a rendere meno dura la vita del soldato combattente, ad infondere fiducia, a dare il senso di una migliore giustizia e comprensione nelle difficoltà quotidiane.
Per Calamandrei, quello passato al fronte trentino, fu un periodo importante, di grandi esperienze, di vita morale.
Calamandrei, subito dopo la Prima Guerra Mondiale, fu cosciente di vivere un periodo di estrema crisi del diritto. Infatti la Grande Guerra investì l’intero ordine costituzionale ed incise sulla vita del diritto in modo significativo. Si assistette alla distruzione di valori ed istituti consolidati, per inoltrarsi in un terreno nuovo e sconosciuto. Si poneva urgentemente l’esigenza della ricostruzione di una nuova civiltà giuridica.
Nel ricordo di quello che legava Calamandrei a Trento, la vedova, Ada Cocci, nel febbraio del 1960, donò all’allora Museo del Risorgimento di Trento un incarto che costituisce il curriculum vitae militare dell’insigne giurista.
L’incarto giace nel fondo Archivio Piero Calamandrei, depositato presso il Museo Storico in Trento. Il fondo, composto di 4 buste, conserva manoscritti, corrispondenza, fotografie, diplomi e benemerenze, materiale a stampa, Bollettini e le Relazioni quindicinali, che venivano spediti a tutti gli ufficiali di collegamento presso le Divisioni, le Brigate o reparti di tutte le armi, integrati da circolari ed appelli.
La ricerca tenta di costituire un’edizione critica di questi documenti, perché ritengo che la loro pubblicazione integrale potrà essere utile per comprendere una pagina della formazione del grande giurista
Advanced Pre-Processing and Change-Detection Techniques for the Analysis of Multitemporal VHR Remote Sensing Images
No full textRemote sensing images regularly acquired by satellite over the same geographical areas (multitemporal images) provide very important information on the land cover dynamic. In the last years the ever increasing availability of multitemporal very high geometrical resolution (VHR) remote sensing images (which have sub-metric resolution) resulted in new potentially relevant applications related to environmental monitoring and land cover control and management. The most of these applications are associated with the analysis of dynamic phenomena (both anthropic and non anthropic) that occur at different scales and result in changes on the Earth surface. In this context, in order to adequately exploit the huge amount of data acquired by remote sensing satellites, it is mandatory to develop unsupervised and automatic techniques for an efficient and effective analysis of such kind of multitemporal data.
In the literature several techniques have been developed for the automatic analysis of multitemporal medium/high resolution data. However these techniques do not result effective when dealing with VHR images. The main reasons consist in their inability both to exploit the high geometrical detail content of VHR data and to model the multiscale nature of the scene (and therefore of possible changes). In this framework it is important to develop unsupervised change-detection(CD) methods able to automatically manage the large amount of information of VHR data, without the need of any prior information on the area under investigation. Even if these methods usually identify only the presence/absence of changes without giving information about the kind of change occurred, they are considered the most interesting from an operational perspective, as in the most of the applications no multitemporal ground truth information is available.
Considering the above mentioned limitations, in this thesis we study the main problems related to multitemporal VHR images with particular attention to registration noise (i.e. the noise related to a non-perfect alignment of the multitemporal images under investigation). Then, on the basis of the results of the conducted analysis, we develop robust unsupervised and automatic change-detection methods. In particular, the following specific issues are addressed in this work:
1. Analysis of the effects of registration noise in multitemporal VHR images and definition of a method for the estimation of the distribution of such kind of noise useful for defining:
a. Change-detection techniques robust to registration noise (RN); the proposed techniques are able to significantly reduce the false alarm rate due to RN that is raised by the standard CD techniques when dealing with VHR images.
b. Effective registration methods; the proposed strategies are based on a multiscale analysis of the scene which allows one to extract accurate control points for the registration of VHR images.
2. Detection and discrimination of multiple changes in multitemporal images; this techniques allow one to overcome the limitation of the existing unsupervised techniques, as they are able to identify and separate different kinds of change without any prior information on the study areas.
3. Pre-processing techniques for optimizing change detection on VHR images; in particular, in this context we evaluate the impact of:
a. Image transformation techniques on the results of the CD process;
b. Different strategies of image pansharpening applied to the original multitemporal images on the results of the CD process.
For each of the above mentioned topic an analysis of the state of the art is carried out, the limitations of existing methods are pointed out and the proposed solutions to the addressed problems are described in details. Finally, experimental results conducted on both simulated and real data are reported in order to show and confirm the validity of all the proposed methods
Photo Indexing and Retrieval based on Content and Context
No full textThe widespread use of digital cameras, as well as the increasing popularity of online photo sharing has led to the proliferation of networked photo collections. Handling such a huge amount of media, without imposing complex and time consuming archiving procedures, is highly desirable and poses a number of interesting research challenges to the media community. In particular, the definition of suitable content based indexing and retrieval methodologies is attracting the effort of a large number of researchers worldwide, who proposed various tools for automatic content organization, retrieval, search, annotation and summarization. In this thesis, we will present and discuss three different approaches for content-and-context based retrieval. The main focus will be put on personal photo albums, which can be considered one of the most challenging application domains in this field, due to the largely unstructured and variable nature of the datasets. The methodologies that we will describe can be summarized into the following three points:
i. Stochastic approaches to exploit the user interaction in query-by-example photos retrieval. Understanding the subjective meaning of a visual query, by converting it into numerical parameters that can be extracted and compared by a computer, is the paramount challenge in the field of intelligent image retrieval, also referred to as the “semantic gap” problem. An innovative approach is proposed that combines a relevance feedback process with a stochastic optimization engine, as a way to grasp user's semantics through optimized iterative learning providing on one side a better exploration of the search space, and on the other side avoiding stagnation in local minima during the retrieval.
ii. Unsupervised event collection, segmentation and summarization. The need for automatic tools able to extract salient moments and provide automatic summary of large photo galleries is becoming more and more important due to the exponential growth in the use of digital media for recording personal, familiar or social life events. The multi-modal event segmentation algorithm faces the summarization problem in an holistic way, making it possible to exploit the whole available information in a fully unsupervised way. The proposed technique aims at providing such a tool, with the specific goal of reducing the need of complex parameter settings and letting the system be widely useful for as many situations as possible.
iii. Content-based synchronization of multiple galleries related to the same event.
The large spread of photo cameras makes it quite common that an event is acquired through different devices, conveying different subjects and perspectives of the same happening. Automatic tools are more and more used to support the users in organizing such archives, and it is largely accepted that time information is crucial to this purpose. Unfortunately time-stamps may be affected by erroneous or imprecise setting of the camera clock. The synchronization algorithm presented is the first that uses the content of pictures to estimate the mutual delays among different cameras, thus achieving an a-posteriori synchronization of various photo collections referring to the same event
End-to-End Relation Extraction via Syntactic Structures and Semantic Resources
No full textInformation Extraction (IE) aims at mapping texts into fixed structure representing the key information.
A typical IE system will try to answer the questions like who are present in the text, what events happen and when these events happen. The task is making possible significant advances in applications that require deep understanding capabilities such as question-answering engines, dialogue systems, or the semantic web. Due to the huge effort and time consumation of developping extraction systems by domain experts, our approach focuses on machine learning methods that can accurately infer an extraction model by training on a dataset. The goal of this research is to design and implement models with improved performance by learning the combination of different algorithms or by inventing novel structures that are able to exploit kinds of evidence that have not been explored in the literature.
A basic component of an IE system is named entity recognition (NER) whose purpose is to locate objects that can be referred by names, belonging to a predefined set of categories. We approach this task by proposing a novel reranking framework that employs two learning phases to pick the
best candidate. The task is considered as sequence labelling with Conditional Random Fields (CRFs) is selected as the baseline algorithm. Our research employs novel kernels based on structured and unstructured features for reranking the N-best hypotheses from the CRFs baseline. The former features are generated by a polynomial kernel encoding entity features whereas tree kernels are used to model dependencies amongst tagged candidate examples.
Relation Extraction (RE) is concerned with finding relationships between pairs of entities in texts. State-of-the-art relation extraction model is based on convolution kernel over the constituent parse tree. In our research, we employ dependency parses from dependency parsing in addition to phrase-structure parses from constituent parsing. We define several variations of dependency parses to inject additional information into the trees.
Additionally, we provide an extensive ablation over various types of kernels by combining the tree, sequence, and polynomial kernels. These novel kernels are able to exploit learned correlations between phrase-structure parses and grammatical relations.
A large amounts of wide-coverage semantic knowledge today exists in large repositories of unstructured or semi-structured text documents. The increased availability of online collaborative resources has attracted the attention of much work in the Artificial Intelligence (AI) community. Nevertheless, the ability to extract it using statistical machine learning techniques is hindered by well-known problems such as heavy supervision and scalability. These drawbacks can be alleviated by applying a form of weakly supervision, specifically named distant supervision (DS), to automatically derive explicit facts from the semi-structured part of Wikipedia.
To learn relational facts from Wikipedia without any labeled example or hand-crafted pattern, we employ DS where the relation providers are external repositories, e.g., YAGO (a huge semantic knowledge base), and the training instances are gathered from Freebase (a huge semantic database).
These allow for potentially obtaining larger training data and many more relations, defined in different sources. We apply state-of-the-art models for ACE RE, that are sentence level RE (SRLE), to Wikipedia. Based on a mapping table of relations from YAGO to ACE (according to their semantic
definitions), we design a joint RE model of DS/ACE and tested it on ACE annotations (thus according to expert linguistic annotators). Moreover, we experiment with end-to-end systems for real-world RE applications. Consequently, our RE system is applicable to any document/sentence, i.e. another major improvement on previous work, which, to our knowledge, does not show experiments on end-to-end SLRE
Work integration of people with severe mental illness in social enterprises
No full textLack of employment and short job tenure are still a major issue for people that suffer of a severe mental illness. One of the main issues in the rationale for this thesis was the opportunity to deeply investigate and better understand why getting and sustaining a job for this population is so difficult and challenging. In particular, we focused on individual and environmental factors associated with the work integration of people with mental illness employed in Italian social enterprises and that can be significant determinants of job tenure for this group. The thesis outlines in the first two chapters the presentation of the survey development and design of the study, an overview of the historical perspective on mental health and of related Italian legislation, as well as a description of psychiatric and vocational services for people with severe mental illness. In particular, a special attention is given to the presentation of the social enterprise model. After that, a review of previous research on determinants of job tenure for people with severe mental illness is presented. The main results of each study conducted are presented in the results part, which is a collection of papers. In particular, Study 1 is designed with the main aim of establishing the profiles of employees that suffer of a severe mental illness working in Italian social enterprises, as well as to investigate potential differences across people with different psychiatric diagnosis on psycho-social variables linked to the person and linked to the work. Study 2 proposes the validation of two scales, the Motivation to Find a Job scale in a sample of mentally ill workers enrolled in supported employment programs located in Canada, and the Motivation to Keep a Job scale among people with severe mental illness employed in Italian social enterprises. In Study 3 we investigate the relationship between individual characteristics, features of the workplace environment and job satisfaction in people with severe mental illness. In addition, it is our intent to explore the spectrum of workplace accommodations available for employees with mental disabilities working in social enterprises, and the impact of those accommodations on job satisfaction, taking into account the individual characteristics of these employees. Study 4 aims at examine the validity of work engagement in people with severe mental illness
Tra concetto e prova: le interazioni del diritto penale con l'epistemologia giudiziaria
No full textIl progresso del pensiero giuridico è talvolta ottenuto tramite la rivisitazione di vecchie dicotomie. La granitica separazione tra diritto penale sostanziale e processuale rientra tra queste: si tratta di un’eredità ingombrante che, a ragione, il pensiero penalistico contemporaneo problematizza con sempre maggiore frequenza, mostrando l’opacità della demarcazione tra le due branche e promuovendo un approccio metodologico interdisciplinare.
Il presente lavoro riflette criticamente sulla citata dicotomia, in particolare mettendo in luce lo stretto legame tra la creazione e l’interpretazione della disposizione penale, da un lato, e l’accertamento degli enunciati fattuali, dall’altro. La ricostruzione del fatto, analizzata attraverso lo studio dello standard probatorio, è qui intesa come il procedimento che dà alla tipicità dimensione effettiva e, pertanto, come l’indefettibile polo dialettico della legalità sostanziale. Affinché quest’ultima possa esplicare le sue fondamentali funzioni garantistiche si reputa necessario non solo che l’accertamento degli enunciati fattuali sia rispettoso dello standard ‘al di là di ogni ragionevole dubbio’, ma anche, e prima ancora, che i concetti penalistici siano suscettibili di essere provati in giudizio. Il lavoro insiste su queste due condizioni invitando il penalista ad accostare l’ispirata riflessione dogmatica a un attento confronto con la realtà del processo
Arch bridges: Design - Construction - Perception
No full textThe arch bridges have an historical development, that is rooted in their ancient tradition, yet are also very successful to this day, a rediscovery of the earliest arched forms can be seen in the most recent innovations. After millennia of masonry arch bridges and almost two centuries of relentless development of iron, steel and concrete arch bridges, with different structural schemes and constructive shapes, there was a moment that this type of structure was bound to disappear.
The scope of traditional arch bridges, which refers mainly to the ones of small and medium span, was to become the uncontested role of the girder bridges. The reuse and the assertion of the arch bridge has been accompanied by a strong architectural emphasis on their structural design and constructive details. This relation, increasingly important during the design phase between the concept of FORM and of STRUCTURE, has ensured that many new projects link the strong relationship between TRADITION and technological and constructive INNOVATION.
I ponti ad arco sono quelli che presentano un’evoluzione storica che fonda le sue radici nella tradizione più antica, ma anche quelli che ricevono all’oggi il maggior successo, una riscoperta delle prime forme arcuate che ritornano quasi come una moda ma con l’impiego delle recenti innovazioni: dopo millenni di ponti ad arco in muratura e quasi due secoli di inarrestabile sviluppo di ponti ad arco in ghisa, di ferro, acciaio e di cemento armato, accompagnato da diversi schemi strutturali e di forme costruttive, sembrava che questa tipologia fosse destinata a scomparire. Infatti il campo tradizionale dei ponti ad arco che si riferiva soprattutto ai ponti di media luce era divenuto oramai dominio incontrastato dei soli ponti a travata. Il riuso e il riaffermarsi del ponte ad arco è stato accompagnato da una forte accentuazione architettonica della loro concezione strutturale e dei loro dettagli costruttivi. Il rapporto sempre più importante in fase progettuale di correlare il concetto di FORMA con quello di STRUTTURA ha fatto in modo che molte nuove opere d’arte di nuova realizzazione unissero in sé il forte rapporto tra TRADIZIONE e INNOVAZIONE tecnologica e costruttiva
Giunti semirigidi con barre incollate per strutture lignee = Ductile moment-resistant steel-timber connections with glued-in bars
Get PDFIl lavoro di tesi riguarda la caratterizzazione meccanica di un giunto, adatto per la realizzazione di differenti configurazioni in strutture intelaiate pesanti di legno, costituito da un elemento metallico flangiato collegato agli elementi strutturali in legno per mezzo di barre incollate. Questo sistema di connessione presenta alcune interessanti proprietà meccaniche in termini di prestazioni meccaniche, versatilità e prefabbricazione.
Un modello analitico in grado di valutare la risposta del giunto in termini dei parametri meccanici chiave (modalità di rottura, resistenza ultima, rigidezza e capacità rotazionale) è stato proposto e validato attraverso un’ampia campagna sperimentale. A tale scopo il metodo per componenti, originariamente proposto per giunti semi-rigidi in acciaio, è stato adattato per modellare i giunti acciaiolegno, consentendo l'applicazione del capacity design e permettendo di progettare connessioni in grado di presentare valori di duttilità necessari ad applicazioni in campo sismico. Le prove effettuate hanno mostrato una soddisfacente rispondenza tra i risultati teorici e quelli sperimentali: in particolare la previsione affidabile delle modalità di rottura del giunto, permette la progettazione di connessioni resistenti a momento in grado di presentare alte deformazioni plastiche senza fenomeni di rotture fragili, con un notevole grado di duttilità strutturale a livello globale e di dissipazione energetica in seguito a sisma.
ENGLISH VERSION
This thesis investigates the mechanical characterisation of a joint, suitable for different configurations within a heavy timber frame, consisting of a wooden element connected to a steel stub by means of an end-plate and glued-in steel rods. This connection system has some interesting properties in terms of mechanical performance, versatility and prefabrication.
An analytical model to predict the joint response in terms of its key parameters (e.g. failure mode, ultimate resistance, stiffness and rotation capacity) is proposed and validated through an extensive experimental programme. The component method, originally proposed for semi-rigid joints in steel frameworks, is adapted in order to set up a feasible general model for steel–timber joints, enabling application of the capacity design approach and offering the required ductility for applications in seismic zones. The tests carried out indicate satisfactory agreement between theoretical and experimental results: the reliable prediction of joint failure modes allows design of moment-resistant connections that can sustain high plastic deformation without brittle rupture, with a remarkable degree of global ductility and energy dissipation under alternate loading
La modellazione di sistemi meccanici, applicazioni per il controllo e la misura = Mechanical System Modelling, Applications for Measurement and Control
No full textThe research activity of this thesis deals with the modelling of mechanical systems and two applications are analyzed by means of the same approach to modelling process.
The first application is about the wind energy conversion systems. The modelling activity aimed at representing the behaviour of wind turbines operating in turbulent wind in terms of power conversion performances. The characterization of the test site has been thoroughly presented. Firstly, the concepts and the state of the art of both power curve and turbulence have been examined in detail. Secondly, a model based on a steady instantaneous power curve has been developed starting from the Reynolds approach at turbulence and a procedure to estimate the steady power curve from experimental data has been presented. The model proposed has been used on experimental data collected at the Trento test site to small wind turbines. Finally the model has been validated on experimental data through the comparison on energy capture forecasting.
The second application presented deals with the measurement of cylinder roundness by means of multi-point method. The purpose of the modelling activity was the representation of the measurement process of cylinders surface through multi sensor measurement systems. The model has been developed considering step by step the architecture of the measurement system. Firstly, the generic cylinder shape and axis has been modelled in a parametric way. Then the irregular motion during the measurement process has been modelled thanks to a few parameters and finally the sensor disposition and theirs error has been implemented in the model. The parametric model obtained has been used to demonstrate the importance of consider the positioning errors of the sensors and the motion of the cylinder in 3D domain. Finally a three point method for radius and motion reconstruction has been implemented in the model and same Monte Carlo simulation has been carried out to demonstrate the effect of 3D disturbances on shape reconstruction