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Continued Fractions and Transformations of Integer Sequences
Get PDFWe show how various transformations of integer sequences, normally realized by Riordan or generalized Riordan arrays, can be translated into continued fraction form. We also examine the Deleham number triangle construction using bi-variate continued fractions, giving examples from the field of associahedra
Influence of acute exercise with and without carbohydrate replacement on postprandial lipid metabolism
Get PDFInfluence of acute exercise with and without carbohydrate replacement on postprandial lipid metabolism. J Appl Physiol 106: 943–949, 2009. First published December 26, 2008; doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.91367.2008.—Acute exercise, undertaken on the day before an oral fat tolerance test (OFTT), typically reduces postprandial triglycerides (TG) and increases high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C). However, the benefits of acute exercise may be overstated when studies do not account for compensatory changes in dietary intake. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of acute exercise, with and without carbohydrate (CHO) replacement, on postprandial lipid metabolism. Eight recreationally active young men underwent an OFTT on the morning after three experimental conditions: no exercise [control (Con)], prolonged exercise without CHO replacement (Ex-Def) and prolonged exercise with CHO replacement to restore CHO and energy balance (Ex-Bal). The exercise session in Ex-Def and Ex-Bal consisted of 90 min cycle ergometry at 70% peak oxygen uptake (V˙ O2peak) followed by 10 maximal 1-min sprints. CHO replacement was achieved using glucose solutions consumed at 0, 2, and 4 h postexercise. Muscle glycogen was 40 � 4% (P � 0.05) and 94 � 3% (P � 0.24) of Con values on the morning of the Ex-Def and Ex-Bal OFTT, respectively. Postprandial TG were 40 � 14% lower and postprandial HDL-C, free fatty acids, and 3-hydroxybutyrate were higher in Ex-Def compared with Con (P � 0.05). Most importantly, these exercise effects were not evident in Ex-Bal. Postprandial insulin and glucose and the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMAIR) were not significantly different across trials. There was no relation between the changes in postprandial TG and muscle glycogen across trials. In conclusion, the influence of acute exhaustive exercise on postprandial lipid metabolism is largely dependent on the associated CHO and energy deficit
TOWARDS AN ASSESSMENT FRAMEWORK FOR THE EVALUATION OF FÁILTE IRELAND’S TOURISM LEARNING NETWORK INITIATIVE
Get PDFThe tourism learning network (TLN) initiative was established by Fáilte Ireland in response to research indicating that the learning needs of the small to medium sized enterprises (SMEs) in the Irish tourism industry were not being met. Indeed, feedback from the SMEs indicated that they wanted training that was “short, snappy, relevant and local” . The TLNs have now been established for over two years and, although an internal assessment of each TLN is ongoing, an overall, national assessment of the TLNs has not been previously addressed until now. This is the central focus of the authors’ ongoing study. This evaluation is critical in order to determine if the TLN initiative is fulfilling its strategic intent and, if not, what adaptations need to be made to the initiative’s components to ensure its effectiveness. A key outcome of the authors’ ongoing study is to propose a ‘best practice’ model for the development and maintenance of a successful TLN. A major challenge is to determine the components involved in assessing the TLNs as such a framework has not been developed prior to this. The purpose of this paper is to present the framework which has been developed for the assessment of the TLN initiative
Psychophysical function in age-related maculopathy
Get PDFAge-related macular degeneration (AMD), the late stage of age-related maculopathy (ARM), is the leading cause of blind registration in developed countries. The visual loss in AMD occurs due to dysfunction and death of photoreceptors (rods and cones) secondary to an atrophic or a neovascular event. The psychophysical tests of vision, which depend on the functional status of the photoreceptors, may detect subtle alterations in the macula before morphological fundus changes are apparent ophthalmoscopically, and before traditional measures of visual acuity exhibit deterioration, and may be a useful tool for assessing and monitoring patients with ARM. Furthermore, worsening of these visual functions over time may reflect disease progression, and some of these, alone or in combination with other parameters, may act as a prognostic indicator for identifying eyes at risk for developing neovascular AMD. Lastly, psychophysical tests often correlate with subjective and relatively undefined symptoms in patients with early ARM, and may reflect limitation of daily activities for ARM patients. However, clinical studies investigating psychophysical function have largely been cross-sectional in nature, with small sample sizes, and lack consistency in terms of the grading and classification of ARM. This article aims to comprehensively review the literature germane to psychophysical tests in ARM, and to furnish the reader with an insight into this complex area of research
A CAN to FlexRay Migration Framework
Get PDFOne of the first electronics components used in an automobile was the fuse. Additional features were developed such as engine management systems. These additional features increased the amount of wiring in a wiring harness. This contributed towards the necessity to develop the bus structure in the 1980s. The de‐facto bus structure in the automotive industry became CAN (Controller Area Network). By using a bus structure this resulted in less hard wiring being required in the production of an automobile which further lead to a reduction in production cost. CAN is an event-triggered protocol which denotes it is non‐deterministic and it has a theoretical bandwidth limit of 1Mbit\s. The practical limit is nearer 500kbit\s. During the 80’s and
90’s, automotive electronics development increased; this was primarily driven by increased development of safety features such as ABS (Anti‐lock Braking System). The increase in the number of features and nodes caused increased traffic on the bus. The CAN protocol will be unable to meet the requirements for the extra applications.
This resulted in the development of FlexRay in 2000 by a consortium originally consisting of amongst others BMW, Daimler Chrysler, Freescale and Philips. This protocol can implement both time‐triggered and event‐triggered messages, determinism, fault tolerance, redundancy and can operate at 10Mbit\s. Newly developed technologies have high initial costs therefore being initially more expensive than established technologies. This could result in it being financially unworkable to replace a complete automotive bus with FlexRay. FlexRay can possibly be used for mission critical applications such as powertrain applications, while other protocols such as CAN and LIN (Local Interconnect Network) may possibly be used for less critical applications.
The aim of this research is to design and develop a framework that allows the implementation of a CAN application on the FlexRay protocol, without degrading the applications performance
Proposing a Framework of Truly Innovative Small and Medium Sized Organisations (RIKON Group)
No full textLeveraging prior relevant research conducted in the innovation, organisational, strategy, marketing, consumer, and psychology literatures over the past 48 years; this paper adopts a multidisciplinary approach for proposing a conceptual framework of firm-level innovativeness for developing truly innovative small and medium sized organisations, with particular emphasis on implementation. The focus of this paper is not purely about developing a conceptual framework of a theoretical or descriptive nature, but also addressing the practical creativity- and innovativeness- related matters that are of direct relevance to SMEs in the strategic management of firm-level innovativeness. This paper attempts to unify and synthesise current innovativeness literature to provide a broad set of principles for managers by prescribing a set of implementable guidelines that will act as a preliminary step towards informing SMEs how they can achieve greater firm innovativeness to become truly innovative organisations. It is envisioned that the suggested research will make a valuable and unique contribution to a very significant gap in the innovation and business strategy literature on three distinct levels: conceptual, theoretical, and practical. Moreover, by adopting a multidisciplinary approach, this paper will not only inform the ongoing research agenda on firm-level innovativeness; but will also underline, to innovation and business researchers, the added-value of extending their research lens to include applicable streams from other schools of thought
Network Access Control Configuration Management using Semantic Web Techniques
Get PDFNetwork Access Control requirements are typically implemented in practice as a series of heterogeneous security-mechanism-centric policies that span system services and application domains. For example, a Network Access Control policy night be configured in terms of firewall, proxy, intrusion prevention and user access policies. While defined separately, these security policies may interoperate in the sense that the access requirements of one may conflict and/or be redundant with respect to the access requirements of another. Thus, managing a large number of distinct policies becomes a major challenge in terms of deploying and maintaining a meaningful and consistent configuration. It is argued that employing techniques of the Semantic Web-an architecture that supports the formal representation, reasoning and sharing of heterogeneous domain knowledge-provides a natural approach to solving this challenge. A risk-based approach to configuring interoperable Network Access Control policies is described. Each Network Access Control mechanism has an ontology that is used to represent its configuration. This knowledge is unified with higher-level business (risk) rides, providing a single (extensible) ontology that supports reasoning across the different Network, Access Control policy configurations
ODonel's Mission: Catholics in Newfoundland in the Eighteenth Century
Get PDFArticle from the Irish Journal of Newfoundland and Labrador Research ‘Ktaqamkuk Across The Water Thar Muir’ which was originally published in 2009 by the Centre for Newfoundland and Labrador Studies
Development of a biosorption column utilising seaweed based biosorbents for the removal of metals from industrial waste streams
No full textAbstract Development of a biosorption column utilising seaweed based biosorbents for the removal of metals from industrial waste streams. Richard K. Walsh. A range of seaweed species were screened (in live and dried form) for Cu2+, Pb2+ and Cr3+ removal properties including; (Rhodophytes) Polysiphonia lanosa, Porphyra umbilicalis, Gigartina stellata, Palmaria palmata, Corallina officinalis, Gracilaria verrucosa, (Chlorophytes) Ulva intestinalis, Ulva compressa, Ulva lactuca, (Phaeophytes) Ascophyllum nodosum and Fucus vesiculosus. Waste Ascophyllum Product (WAP), from an industrial process, was also screened. Results of batch tests indicated dried seaweed was preferable for utilisation in a biosorption column with WAP, F. vesiculosus and P. lanosa removing 1.50 mg Cu/g biosorbent, 1.69 mg Cu/g and 1.31 mg Cu/g respectively. Pre-exposure of a seaweed species to a metal in live form enhanced the removal of that particular metal when the seaweed was subsequently exposed in dried biomass form. Dried forms of WAP, F. vesiculosus and P. lanosa were each immobilised in agar, K-carrageenan and sodium alginate (all seaweed derivatives) prior to application in a fixed bed biosorption column in order to resist compacting due to hydrostatic pressure hindering flow-through. The agar and carrageenan seaweed biosorbents were formed into 15 mm x 5 mm x 10 mm blocks and the Na alginate seaweeds biosorbents formed 5 mm spheres. The fixed bed packed biosorption column, constructed from 304 grade heat treated SS with a PTFE interior coating, measured 70 mm internal Ø. The biosorbent bed height was 170 mm with a packing density of 260 g L-1. Each biosorbent was tested separately (4 replicates) in a column by running a 10 mg L-1 Cu2+ solution continuously for a period of 3 hours at 25ml min-1. The 5% agar/7.5% WAP biosorbent demonstrated the highest removal efficiency (RE) of 98%. Protonated biosorbents showed no significant difference in RE. Further testing of the 5% agar/7.5% WAP biosorbent showed overall metal removal values (W) of 269 mg Pb/ g, 91.3 mg Cu/ g and 57.4 mg Cr/ g. Breakthrough points (TB) were 6, 124 and 1.2 hours with exhaustion points (TE) of 96, 218 and 70 hours for Cu, Pb and Cr III respectively. After evaluation of column operation time and overall capacity, the 5% agar/7.5% WAP biosorbent was most suitable for the removal of Pb from a waste stream followed by Cu but was not practicable for the removal of Cr III